Overview of brazillian experience runoff anache
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71st SWCS International Annual Conference July 24-27, 2016 Louisville, KY
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Overview of brazillian experience runoff anache
- 1. Jamil Alexandre Ayach Anacheab Paulo Tarso Sanches de Oliveirac Edson Wendlanda Dennis Flanaganb a. University of São Paulo – EESC‐USP b. Purdue University – NSERL‐ARS‐USDA c. Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul – FAENG‐UFMS 1
- 2. The Soil erosion expensive bill... 2
- 3. Soil Erosion Science in Brazil... • Started after the USA and other countries • First experimental study: 1940’s • Monitoring process and the creation of new experimental field plots do not follow a standard and data is spread in many kinds of documents • Studies of this kind are relatively rare Field Plots 3
- 4. An overview of Brazilian experience on measuring runoff and soil loss rates Jamil Alexandre Ayach Anacheab Paulo Tarso Sanches de Oliveirac Edson Wendlanda Dennis Flanaganb a. University of São Paulo – EESC‐USP b. Purdue University – NSERL‐ARS‐USDA c. Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul – FAENG‐UFMS 4
- 5. Presentation Outline Our context and Our goal How we did it? What we found? What we may conclude? Questions 5
- 6. Our context: Brazil Brazil is an important producer of foodstuffs. Pasture and agricultural land comprise around 32% (275 million hectares) of the total area of Brazil (851 million hectares). More than 60 years ago, runoff and soil erosion field studies started along the country. No national inventory for these measurements. 6
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- 8. Our goal Show an overview of plot‐scale studies under natural rainfall over Brazil 8
- 9. How we did it? Database Scientific journal articles Conference papers Books MSc thesis and PhD dissertations 9
- 10. Database requirements: Experimental plot data under natural rainfall Continuous monitoring data Clear information • Geographic coordinates • Plot description • Land cover • Monitoring period 10
- 11. Required entries for the database • Region • State • Municipality • Soil class • Land use • Sustainable practices • Number of repetitions • Rainfall (mm/y) • Width (m) • Slope length (m) • Area • Slope gradient (%) • Runoff (mm/y) • Soil loss (t/ha.y) • Start year • End year • Number of years • Publication year • Latitude and Longitude • Reference 11
- 12. What we found? • 44 experimental stations • Southern and southeastern regions: 68% of the sites • North: biggest region, only 1 site 12
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- 14. What we found? 14 1E‐02 1E‐01 1E+00 1E+01 1E+02 1E+03 1E+04 Runoff (mm y‐1) Shrubland Orchard Grass and pasture Forest Cropland Fallow Eucalipt 1.E‐09 1.E‐07 1.E‐05 1.E‐03 1.E‐01 1.E+01 1.E+03 Soil loss (t ha‐1 y‐1) Shrubland Orchard Grass and pasture Forest Cropland Fallow Eucalipt
- 15. Data and publishing along the years 0 20 40 60 80 100 1943 1947 1951 1955 1959 1963 1967 1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015 Plot‐year 0 2 4 6 8 10 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 Number of publisheed papers 15
- 16. Runoff/soil erosion plots monitoring years 16 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 Percentile Number of published papers Monitoring years
- 17. What we may conclude? • Southern and southeastern regions of Brazil have the greatest number of runoff and soil loss monitoring sites under natural rainfall. • The amount of plot‐year is decreasing in the last 15 years. • The number of published documents containing runoff and soil erosion experimental data is increasing. • More than 50% of the experimental studies have up to 2 years of monitored data. 17