2. CONCEPT OF HEALTH
• HEALTH IS A COMMON THEME IN
MOST CULTURES . ALL COMMUNITIES
HAVE THEIR CONCEPT OF HEALTH , AS
A PART OF THEIR CULTURE . OLDEST
DEFINITION OF HEALTH IN ALL
COMMUNITIES IS “ABSENCE OF
DISEASE”.
3. TYPES OF HEALTH CONCEPT
1- BIOMEDICAL CONCEPT
2- ECOLOGICAL CONCEPT
3- PSYCHOLOGICAL CONCEPT
4- HOLISTIC CONCEPT
4. 1- BIOMEDICAL CONCEPT-
• TRADITIONALLY , HEALTH HAS
BEEN VIEWED AS AN “ABSENCE
OF DISEASE “, AND IF ONE WAS
FREE FROM DISEASE , THEN THE
PERSON WAS CONSIDERED
HEALTHY . THIS IS “ BIOMEDICAL
CONCEPT”.
5. CONTINUE…
• BASED ON GERM THEOTY OF DISEASE
(LOUIS PASTEUR)
• THE MEDICAL PROFESSION VIEWED THE
HUMAN BODY AS A MACHINE , DISEASE
AS A CONSEQUENCES OF THE
BREAKDOWN OF THE MACHINE AND
ONE OF THE DOCTORS ‘S TASK AS
REPAIR OF THE MACHINE.
6. 2- ECOLOGICAL CONCEPT -
• HEALTH IMPLIES RELATIVE ABSENCE OF
PAIN AND DISCOMFORT AND A
CONTINUOUS ADAPTATION TO THE
ENVIRONMENT TO ENSURE OPTIMAL
FUNCTION.
• THIS VIEWED HEALTH AS A DYNAMIC
EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN MAN AND HIS
ENVIRORNMENT
7. CONT….
• ACCORDING TO DUBOS “ HEALTH IMPLIES
THE RELATIVE ABSENCE OF PAIN AND
DISCOMFORT AND A CONTINOUS
ADAPTATION AND ADJUSTMENT TO THE
ENVIRONMENT TO ENSURE OPTIMAL
FUNCTION .”
• THE ECOLOGICAL CONCEPT RAISES TWO
ISSUES , VIZ . IMPERFECT MAN AND
IMPERFECT ENVIRONMENT .
8. 3-PSYCHOLOGICAL CONCEPT -
• DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FIELDS OF
SOCIAL SCIENCES REVEALED THAT
HEALTH IS NOT ONLY A BIOMEDICAL
PHENOMENON , BUT WHICH IS
INFLUENCED BY SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL
, CULTURAL , ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL
FACTORS OF PEOPLE CONCERNED.
9. 4- HOLISTIC CONCEPT-
• SYNTHESIS OF ALL THE ABOVE CONCEPTS
RECOGNIZES STRENGTH OF SOCIAL ,
ECONOMIC , POLITICAL AND
ENVIRONMENT INFLUENCES ON HEALTH.
• THIS APPROACH IMPLIES THAT ALL
SECTORS OF SOCIETY HAVE AN EFFECT , IN
PARTICULAR ANIMAL FOOD , INDUSTRY ,
EDUCATION , HOUSING , PUBLIC SOCIETY
OTHER SECTORS.
10. HEALTH ILLNESS CONTINUUM-
• INTRODUCTION- HEALTH ILLNESS
CONTINUUM IS A GRAPHIC ILLUSTRATION A
WELL BEING , CONCEPT FIRST PROPOSED BY
JOHN . W. TRAVIS IN 1972.
• IT DESCRIBE HOW WELLBEING IS MORE
THAN SIMPLY AN ABSENCE OF ILLNESS ,
BUT ALSO INCORPORATES THE
INDIVIDUALS MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL
HEATH .
11. CONT…
• TRAVIS BELIEVED THAT THE STANDARD
APPROACH TO MEDICINES , WHICH
ASSUMES A PERSON IS WELL WHEN THERE
ARE NO SIGNS OR SYMPTOMS OF DISEASE
, WAS INSUFFICIENT.
12. HIGH LEVEL WELLBEING
1-AWARENESS 2- EDUCATION
3-GROWTH
PRE MATURE DEATH
3-DISABILITY 2- SYMPTOMS 1- SIGN
TREATMENT PARADIGM
WELLNESS PARADIUM
NEUTRAL POINT
13. CONT….
• COMPOSED OF TWO ARROWS
POINTING IN OPPOSITE DIRECTION AND
JOINED AT A NEUTRAL POINT.
• MOVEMENTS TO THE RIGHT TO THE
ARROWS (TOWARDS THE HIGH LEVEL OF
WELLNESS ) EQUALS AN INCREASE IN
LEVEL OF HEALTH AND WELLBEING .
15. CONT…
• MOVEMENTS TO THE LEFT TO THE
ARROWS(TOWARDS PREMATURE DEATH)
EQUATES A PROGRESSIVELY DECREASING
STATE OF HEALTH .
• ACHIEVED IN THREE STEPS-
• 1- SIGNS
• 2- SYMPTOMS
• 3- DISABILITY
16. CONT…
• MOST IMPORTANT IS THE DIRECTION IS THE
INDIVIDUAL FACING ON THE PATHWAY
• 1- IF TOWARDS HIGH LEVEL HEATH , A
PERSON HAS GENUINELY OPTIMISTIC OR
POSITIVE OUTLOOK DESPITE HIS/HER
STATUS .
• 2- IF TOWARDS PREMATURE DEATH , A
PERSON HAS A GENUINELY PESSIMISTIC OR
NEGATIVE OUT LOOK ABOUT HIS OR HER
HEALTH STATUS.
17. COMPARES TREATMENT MODEL WITH
A WELLNESS MODEL -
• IF TREATMENT MODEL IS USED , AN
INDIVIDUAL CAN MOVE RIGHT ONLY TO THE
NEUTRAL POINT.
• EXAMPLE- A HYPERTENSIVE CLIENT
WHO ONLY TAKES HIS MEDICATIONS
WITHOUTS MAKING ANY OTHER
LIFE STYLE CHANGES.
18. CONT…
• IF WELLNESS MODEL IS USED , AN
INDIVIDUAL CAN MOVE RIGHT PAST THE
NEUTAL POINT .
• EXAMPLE- AS HYPERTENSIVE CLIENT
NOT TAKES MEDICATIONS BUT STOPS
SMOKING , LOOSING WEIGHT , START
AN EXERCISE PROGRAMME ETC
