2. 1. OBJECTIVES
2. INTRODUCTION
3. AIM OF PROJECT
4. IF
5. THEORY OF FINS
6. NEED OF MODIFICATION IN FINS
7. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
8. DESIGNING AND MODELING
9. TRANSIENT THERMAL ANALYSIS
10. ANALYSIS RESULT
11. CONCLUSION
3. •To design cylinder with fins for a engine by varying the
geometry such as rectangular, circular and curve shaped
(parabolic) and thickness of the fins.
•The primary object of the present work to increase
heat transfer rate.
•To evaluate the heat transfer rate by using transient
thermal analysis for Actual IC engine cylinder and
proposed fin models.
•To identify suitable alloy for the fabrication based on
results obtained.
4. •The Engine cylinder is one of the major
automobile components, which is subjected to
high temperature variations and thermal stresses.
•In order to cool the cylinder, fins are provided on
the surface of the cylinder to increase the rate of
heat transfer.
•Cast iron, Cast aluminium alloys, CGI and
Magnesium alloys are used for manufacturing of
cylinder but most commonly cast aluminium
alloys
5. The main aim of the project:-
• Analyze the thermal properties
by varying
1] Shape of fins
2] Material of fins
3] Thickness of fins
• Determine Transient thermal
analysis
6. 1. Heat is not removed from the cylinders:-
Result in the pre-ignition of the charge.
The lubricant would also burn away.
The seizing of the piston.
Heating will also damage the cylinder material.
2. Cooling beyond optimum limits
Thermal efficiency is decreased due to more
loss of heat to the cylinder walls.
The vaporization of fuel is less; this results in fall of
combustion efficiency.
Low temperatures increase the viscosity of lubrication and
hence more piston friction is encountered,
thus decreasing the mechanical efficiency
7. 1. Fins are extended surfaces whose primary purpose
is to increase the Surface area for heat transfer
from the body. They have wide applications from
bike engines to boilers and microchips of computer.
2. Types of fins
Rectangular type Circular type Pin type
8. 1. Fins are surfaces that extend from an object to increase the rate of
heat transfer to or from the environment by increasing convection.
2. The amount of conduction, convection, or radiation of an object
determines the amount of heat it transfers.
3. Three ways to increase heat transfer:-
Increasing the temperature gradient between the object and
the environment.
Increasing the convection heat transfer coefficient.
Increasing the surface area of the object increases the heat
transfer.
4. Adding a fin to an object increases the surface area and can
sometimes be an economical solution to heat transfer problems.
9. 1. The most general form of the fin equation is as follows –
m2 = and (T – T∞) = θ
2. As there is convective heat transfer through the fin
so the temperature distribution and fin heat rate
transfer is as given below-
• Temperature distribution
Ѳ = Ѳo ×
10. • Fin heat rate transfer → Q = × Ѳo ×
•Maximum heat transferable by fin when if entire fin at base
temperature → Qmax=h (PL) (To - T∞) = h (PL) Ѳo
• Efficiency of fins → 𝜂 = (Qfin/Qmax)
•Effectiveness of fins → ∈ =
∈ = √ 𝑝𝑘/ℎ𝐴c
11. Type of fins Material Thickness of fins
Rectangular Aluminium alloy 6061 2mm
Circular Magnesium alloy 2.5mm
Grey Cast Iron 3mm
In our project the design of cylinder of fins are analyzed by varying the shape,
dimensions and material of the cylinder fins.
Different material, Thickness and Shape chosen for the analysis of the cylinder fins
of engine are as follows:
RECTANGULARTYPE CIRCULARTYPE
12. So according to present automobile of 110cc the bore and stroke
length of the cylinder of engine is 50mm×53mm.
And the thickness cylinder was calculated by the empirical formula
which depends upon the bore diameter of cylinder.
t = 0.045D + 1.6 (mm)
t = 0.045×50 + 1.6
t = 3.85mm
t ≈ 4mm
The modeling of the described dimensions where done on CATIA V5
software.
13. • Parameters for the analysis are:-
1] Internal temperature during combustion is
650°C
2] Ambient temperature-23°C
3] Film coefficient of stagnant air
4] Step end time-1sec
•The analysis of the Catia V5 model where done on
ansys 18.2 software version
14. 1. Transient thermal analysis on material Aluminium alloy 6061
2mm circular fin thickness
of Al 6061
2.5mm circular fin thickness
Al 6061
15. 3mm circular fin thickness
Al 6061
2mm rectangular fin thickness
Al 6061
23. 1.Temperature (unit - °C )
For Circular Fin type
Maximum temperature Minimum temperature
2mm 2.5mm 3mm 2mm 2.5mm 3mm
Aluminium alloy 6061 650.27 650 650 610.62 606.68 601.17
Grey Cast Iron 651.69 650 650 270.22 266.51 252.63
Magnesium alloy 650.14 650 650 627.4 625.42 621.67
Maximum temperature Minimum temperature
2mm 2.5mm 3mm 2mm 2.5mm 3mm
Aluminium alloy 6061 650 650 650 377.23 363.46 352.5
Grey Cast Iron 650 650 650 40.986 40.124 39.196
Magnesium alloy 650 650 650 445.37 431.41 420.07
For Rectangular Fin Type
24. 2. Total Heat Flux (unit- W/mm2)
Maximum Heat Flux Minimum Heat Flux
2mm 2.5mm 3mm 2mm 2.5mm 3mm
Aluminium alloy 6061 1.3916 1.5037 1.8523 0.00624 0.00519 0.00476
Grey Cast Iron 4.5543 4.4433 4.8705 0.01386 0.00525 0.00664
Magnesium alloy 0.7452 0.8436 1.003 0.00227 0.00462 0.00392
For Circular Fin type
Maximum Heat Flux Minimum Heat Flux
2mm 2.5mm 3mm 2mm 2.5mm 3mm
Aluminium alloy 6061 4.6514 4.9229 5.1903 0.01507 0.02542 0.01656
Grey Cast Iron 5.4925 5.519 5.5235 0.04209 0.05398 0.05616
Magnesium alloy 3.259 3.4381 3.6756 0.01641 0.01769 0.01696
For Rectangular Fin Type
25. 3.Mass of Cylinder Fins
2mm thickness
Aluminium alloy
6061
Grey Cast Iron Magnesium Alloy
Circular type fin 8.0065e-002 kg 0.21351 kg 5.3377e-002 kg
Rectangular type fin 0.16107 kg 0.42953 kg 0.10738 kg
2.5mm thickness
Aluminium alloy
6061
Grey Cast Iron Magnesium Alloy
Circular type fin 8.8393e-002 kg 0.23571 kg 5.8928e-002 kg
Rectangular type fin 0.1707 kg 0.45521 kg 0.1138 kg
26. 3mm thickness
Aluminium alloy
6061
Grey Cast Iron Magnesium Alloy
Circular type fin 9.8215e-002 kg 0.26191 kg 6.5477e-002 kg
Rectangular type fin 0.18033 kg 0.48088 kg 0.12022 kg
27. 1. By reducing the thickness and also by changing the
shape of the fin to circular shaped, the weight of the
fin body reduces thereby increasing the efficiency.
2. The weight of the fin body is reduced when
Magnesium alloy is used.
3. When analyzed on software were the temperature
during combustion inside the cylinder is 650°C and
the ambient temperature is 23°C. By observing the
analysis results, using circular fin, material
Magnesium alloy and thickness of 2mm is better
since heat transfer rate is more.
28. 4. So if we consider weight, using circular fins is better
than other geometries.
5. So we can conclude that using material magnesium
alloy is better, reducing thickness to 2mm is better
and using fin shape circular by analysis and fin shape
circular by weight is better.
