1. The
basis
of
Thema,c
Appercep,on
tes,ng
originates
from
the
projec,ve
A
projec,ve
test
is
a
method
of
tes,ng
personality.
What
dis,nguishes
this
method
from
other
methods
of
tes,ng
is
the
s,muli
to
which
a
par,cipant
hypothesis
which
states
that
responses
responds.
The
s,muli
are
ambiguous
–
meaning
there
is
more
than
one
way
in
which
a
person
can
respond.
The
hope
is
that
the
response
will
reveal
reveal
inner
thoughts
and
feelings.
It
informa,on
about
personality
and
thought
processes,
which
may
previously
have
been
hidden.
Projec,ve
tes,ng
is
based
on
psychoanaly,c
theory
–
i.e.
was
developed
by
Chris,na
Morgan
through
interpre,ng
things
such
as
dreams,
drawings,
word
associa,ons
etc.
It
reveals
thoughts
and
feelings
that
may
be
suppressed
and
exist
in
the
and
Henry
Murray
in
the
1930’s
when
unconscious
psyche.
There
are
concerns
about
projec,ve
tests,
as
the
results
of
them
are
open
to
interpreta,on
from
a
researcher
or
psychologist,
as
it
is
an
undergraduate
student
who’s
young
them
who
analyse
what
the
results
mean.
Despite
this,
projec,ve
tes,ng
is
s,ll
carried
out
today,
some
of
which
include:
the
‘Word
Associa,on’
test,
the
son
was
ill
at
home
and
spent
the
day
‘Draw
a
Person’
test,
the
Rorschach
inkblot
test
and
the
Thema,c
Appercep,on
Test,
or
T.A.T.
Test.
making
up
stories
about
people
in
magazines.
Asked……“could
pictures
be
employed
in
clinical
seIngs
to
explore
We
asked
a
number
of
people
to
interpret
what
they
believe
is
going
on
in
the
The
TAT
consists
of
specialised
picture
cards
that
are
shown
underlying
dynamics
of
personality.
ambiguous
scene
below.
Similar
to
a
real
T.A.T
case,
the
par,cipants
did
not
to
a
pa,ent
who
then
describes
what
they
see.
Due
to
the
Morgan
and
Murray
decided
to
explore
have
any
background
knowledge
of
what
is
happening
in
the
picture
and
had
to
ambiguous
nature
of
the
content
on
the
pictures,
an
analysis
this.
Chris,na
Murray
also
used
some
come
to
their
own
conclusions…
of
the
pa,ent’s
recall
of
what
they
see
is
what
is
used
to
help
of
her
own
illustra,ons.
The
first
T.A.T
diagnose
their
mental
state.
picture
used
was
the
boy
and
the
There
are
31
cards
in
total.
The
examiner
will
select
a
set
of
violin.
The
T.A.T
test
was
finally
“The
woman
is
a
trainee
“The
girl
is
in
a
eight
to
twelve
cards
that
are
suitable
for
the
pa,ent.
Factors
published
in
1943
and
throughout
the
scien,st
who
is
feeling
chemistry
lesson
at
her
such
as
the
age,
gender
and
mental
fragility
of
the
pa,ent
1960’s
and
1970’s
saw
a
surge
of
pressured
as
her
poten,al
school
and
her
teacher
need
to
be
considered.
The
cards
are
there
for
the
pa,ent
to
interest.
boss
is
watching
her
work.
is
watching
over
her,
tell
a
story
about
what
is
going
on
in
the
image
they
are
She
is
not
comfortable
and
giving
her
advice
on
viewing.
These
include
what
lead
up
to
the
scene
they
are
as
a
result,
makes
a
what
to
do.
The
girl
seeing,
the
thoughts
and
feelings
of
the
characters
and
an
mistake
and
does
not
get
thinks
the
teacher
is
outcome
to
the
story.
hired”
very
helpful.”
The
examiner
records
what
the
pa,ent
is
describing
when
the
TAT
cards
are
presented,
with
a
subjec,ve
analysis
of
what
they
interpret
the
descrip,ons
given
to
them
in
rela,on
to
the
mental
state
of
the
pa,ent.
Body
movements,
pauses
and
tone
of
voice
from
the
pa,ent
have
to
also
be
recorded
The
use
of
TAT
has
been
seen
mul,ple
,mes
in
popular
by
the
examiner
if
they
believe
they
have
significance.
This
The
man
has
had
a
culture
with
famous
cases
such
as
Hannibal
Lecture
and
means
the
examiner
will
be
working
strenuously,
which
is
crush
on
his
fellow
Harry
Benson.
A
disturbed
pa,ent
receives
the
test
why
some
psychologists
have
decided
to
use
video
to
record
worker
for
a
while
and
from
the
novel
Terminal
man,
by
Michael
Crichton.
their
pa,ents.
The
examiner
must
also
avoid
interjec,ng
at
is
building
up
the
Other
examples
are
seen
in
A
Clockwork
Orange
and
any
point,
as
there
could
be
a
danger
of
influencing
the
courage
to
ask
her
on
a
“The
man
is
wai,ng
for
his
Flowers
for
Algernon.
pa,ent’s
answers.
date.
The
woman,
medicine
at
the
pharmacy.
There
is
no
standardised
scoring
system
for
TAT.
One
of
the
however,
is
only
He
is
frustrated
because
the
common
methods
is
the
Defence
Mechanisms
Manual
which
interested
in
her
work”
woman
is
taking
too
long
to
assumes
thoughts
and
feelings
are
projected
into
the
stories.
measure
it
out.”
This
method
assesses
denial,
projec,on
and
iden,fica,on
as
CONS
defence
mechanisms
and
includes
example
answers
to
help
PROS
assist
and
a
thorough
knowledge
of
defence
mechanisms
is
a
The
TAT
has
been
cri,cised
for
being
too
unscien,fic
because
it
does
not
use
objec,ve
recommended.
There
are
many
advantages
of
the
Thema,c
Appercep,on
Test.
It
can
be
used
as
measures
to
back
up
its
findings.
It
has
shown
it
cannot
be
proven
to
give
consistent
an
adjunct
to
psychotherapy
where
it
is
very
useful
as
discussions
can
be
made
results
over
,me,
thus
unreliable.
TAT
has
no
zero-­‐order
and
no
valid
norms,
which
some
about
the
theme
of
certain
stories
the
client
gives
that
might
not
have
been
think
makes
it
invalid.
Also,
it
has
been
viewed
as
a
way
of
purely
viewing
the
One
of
its
main
applica,ons
is
that
it
is
used
as
a
tool
for
within
the
client’s
current
awareness.
Another
advantage
is
that
it
is
really
subconscious
of
the
par,cipant,
so
does
not
account
for
recent
contact
that
may
be
in
research
into
areas
of
psychology
such
as
dreams,
fantasies
helpful
for
children
as
they
might
have
difficulty
expressing
themselves
using
the
par,cipants’
consciousness.
The
pictures
have
been
characterised
as
old
fashioned,
and
mate
selec,on.
This
test
can
also
be
used
to
find
out
words
alone.
The
children
can
then
make
use
of
the
pictures
to
tell
a
story
about
with
a
lack
of
racial
diversity.
The
situa,ons
depicted
lack
cultural
validity
and
do
not
what
mo,vates
people
to
choose
their
occupa,on.
The
T.A.T
their
emo,onal
and
internal
conflicts.
Also
with
this
test,
Murray
stated
that
reflect
normal
modern
day
situa,ons.
As
a
result,
people
find
it
difficult
to
iden,fy
and
test
can
be
used
to
assess
the
psychological
state
of
a
person
without
excep,on,
every
person
who
par,cipated
in
the
study
injected
aspects
concur
with
the
concept
of
the
s,muli.
Researchers
found
that
TAT
cards
cause
more
including
personality
and
thought
disorders.
Other
of
their
personali,es
into
their
stories.
The
par,cipants
also
find
it
difficult
to
‘deviant’
stories
than
photographs,
so
the
differences
were
a
consequence
of
the
applica,ons
are
that
it
can
be
used
to
screen
applicants
for
fake
a
response
as
they
cannot
figure
out
how
their
response
will
be
interpreted.
differences
in
the
characteris,cs
of
the
images
used.
Finally,
the
images
are
also
seen
to
high
stress
jobs
and
used
in
forensic
examina,ons
to
be
too
achroma,c
and
nega,ve
in
emo,onal
tone.
evaluate
crime
suspects.