1. Experience of industrial
application of coagulant PAX
18A in processes of clearing of
potable water of Kremenchug,
Ukraine

3. At present a surface water of Dnepr
became so polluted that represents a little
concentrated sewage
• Сreation of the cascade of huge water basins on the
rivers Dnepr - since 60 years of 20 centuries has
affected water structure.
• Dump of badly cleared sewage to Dnepr
• Intensive Eutrophication.
• Occurrence and accumulation toxic ground
sedimentation.
• Change of a temperature mode of water basins has led
to considerable decrease in potential of self-cleaning.
• As the result, traditional stations of manufacture of
potable water have no barrier function in relation to the
majority of pollution.

4. Kremenchukvodokanal Utility Enterprise
The primary goals of preparation of potable water
It was considered the question of the centralized drinkable water-
supply of Kremenchug city. The main source of water-supply is the
Kremenchug Reservoir, which on the basis of statistical analyses
can be pertained to the limiting third class of the economic-drinkable
water-supply sources.
Project facilities of plumbing cleansing structures suppose water
purification of the 1st (higher) class source.
We suggested an arsenal of coagulants, allowing operatively to
eliminate specific contaminations, for lack of financial possibilities of
complex reconstruction of cleansing structures.
Successful production tests of technologies of manganese
elimination, organic muddiness falling, water deodorization were
carried out in summer.

5. Water consumers
The technological scheme of station of water
treating
The vertical
mixer
Proaqua-18
DB45 PWG
Cl2
Proaqua-18
DB45 PWG
Cl2
Proaqua-18
Cl2
Proaqua-18
Cl2
Horizontal sediment bowls –
6 pieces
Fast filters -6 pieces
The contact filter –
10 pieces
potable water tank
5000 m3
1st turn
Productivity design – 50 000 m3
/d
Actually – 60 000 m3
/d
2nd turn
Productivity design – 100 000 m3
/d
Actually – 30 000 m3
/d
Microfilters +
the corridor
mixer
РАХ 18A
Optiflock A110
secondary
Cl2
potable water tank
10 000 m3
secondary Cl2

6. Productivity design – 150,000
Average day water demand
approximately 90,000 cubic
meters/day

7. Treatment Process
• Surface water system (Dnepr River)
– Reagents - coagulants of polyaluminium
chlorides, anionic flocculants and activated
powdery coals.
– Sedimentation - Horizontal sediment bowls.
– Filtration - dual media filters.
– Disinfection - chlorine as primary and as
secondary.

8. Sediment Removal
• Evaluating coagulants, specifically polyaluminum
chloride – PAX 18A + Optiflock A110
– Produces fewer residuals of deposits.
– Better wintertime performance especially removal of
chromaticity of water
• Necessity of deep removal
- of organic substances,
- phytoplankton,
- radio nuclides,
- iron,
- manganese,
- deodorizations of raw water.

9. Filtration
• Dual media filters (anthracite and sand).
• New requirement of 1 NTU filtered water
turbidity. Our goal is less of 1 NTU.

10. The work purpose – comparison of
efficiency of two coagulants –
«PAX 18A» and «Pro-aqua 18» (the
Ukrainian manufacturer - оur main
competitor) on parameters of a
turbidity, chromaticity, decrease
oxidability permanganate and to
residual aluminum.
The period of comparative tests
8.04.10 – 12.05.10

11. Quality of raw water in tests
8.04.10-12.05.10
• turbidity - 0,38 - 3,92 mg/L,
• colourity - 32 -50 grad,
• temperature – 4,2 – 12,4 °С,
• odor – 1 / 2,
• taste – 1 / 2,
• oxidability permanganate – 10,4 – 12,06 mgО/L,
• O2 – 7,45 – 13,42 mg/L,
• COD – 20,16 – 44,2 mgО/L,
• BOD5 – 0,34 - 2,98 mgО/L,
• Fe – 0,025 – 0,487 mg/L .

12. Comparison of efficiency of clarification of water
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
4,5
08.04.2010
09.04.2010
10.04.2010
11.04.2010
12.04.2010
13.04.2010
14.04.2010
15.04.2010
16.04.2010
17.04.2010
18.04.2010
19.04.2010
20.04.2010
21.04.2010
22.04.2010
23.04.2010
24.04.2010
25.04.2010
26.04.2010
27.04.2010
28.04.2010
29.04.2010
30.04.2010
01.05.2010
02.05.2010
03.05.2010
04.05.2010
05.05.2010
06.05.2010
07.05.2010
08.05.2010
09.05.2010
10.05.2010
11.05.2010
12.05.2010
13.05.2010
14.05.2010
15.05.2010
16.05.2010
17.05.2010
turbidity,mg/L
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
doseofcoagulants
turbidity_raw water turbidity_potable water dose P AX -18A dose P roAqua + DB-45

13. Comparison of efficiency of decolouration of water
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
08.04.2010
09.04.2010
10.04.2010
11.04.2010
12.04.2010
13.04.2010
14.04.2010
15.04.2010
16.04.2010
17.04.2010
18.04.2010
19.04.2010
20.04.2010
21.04.2010
22.04.2010
23.04.2010
24.04.2010
25.04.2010
26.04.2010
27.04.2010
28.04.2010
29.04.2010
30.04.2010
01.05.2010
02.05.2010
03.05.2010
04.05.2010
05.05.2010
06.05.2010
07.05.2010
08.05.2010
09.05.2010
10.05.2010
11.05.2010
12.05.2010
13.05.2010
14.05.2010
15.05.2010
16.05.2010
17.05.2010
Colourity,grad
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
doseofcoagulantsg/m3
colourity_raw water colourity_potable water dose P roAqua-18 + floc DB-45" dose P AX-18A

14. Dynamics of residual aluminum
0
0,05
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
0,3
0,35
0,4
08.04.2010
09.04.2010
10.04.2010
11.04.2010
12.04.2010
13.04.2010
14.04.2010
15.04.2010
16.04.2010
17.04.2010
18.04.2010
19.04.2010
20.04.2010
21.04.2010
22.04.2010
23.04.2010
24.04.2010
25.04.2010
26.04.2010
27.04.2010
28.04.2010
29.04.2010
30.04.2010
01.05.2010
02.05.2010
03.05.2010
04.05.2010
05.05.2010
06.05.2010
07.05.2010
08.05.2010
09.05.2010
10.05.2010
11.05.2010
12.05.2010
13.05.2010
14.05.2010
15.05.2010
16.05.2010
17.05.2010
residualAL,mg/L
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
doseofcoagulants,g/m3
residual AL in potable water dos e PAX 18A" dos e ProAqua + flock DB -45"

15. General efficiency of coagulants for clarification
and decolouration of water in tests
63
61,2
57,5
92,4
94
73
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
8.04-17.04.10 18-19.04.10 19-21.04.10 22-24.04.10 25-27.04.10 28.04-4.05.10 06.05-11.05.10
efficiencyofprocesses,%
decolouration_ P roAqua 18 decolouration_ P AX 18A
clarification_ P roAqua 18 clarification P AX 18A

16. Conclusions
• During tests of coagulants standard quality of potable water has
been provided.
• At identical qualitative parameters of raw water settlement
dosages of a coagulant «PAX-18A» more low on 82 %, than
doses «ProAqua-18».
• Actual quantity of a coagulant «PAX-18A» there are less than
expenses «ProAqua-18» in 2,2 times.
• Possibility of use of a coagulant «PAX-18A» without an
additional dosage of polimer is defined. Under these conditions
of concentration of residual aluminum above, than at the
scheme with flocculant on 46 %. The maximum values of
residual aluminum in potable water at work without A110 have
made – 0,35 mg/dm3.
• The spent series of tests has confirmed economic advantages
of a coagulant «PAX-18A» during the spring period.