2018 - Thinking beyond borders in Global Retail Import Export Trade

Rolf Visser – November 2018
Independent Consultant (Digital Marketing | Global Retail | FinTech)
Vice Chairman WECIA (World Ecommerce Industry Alliance)
Founder 1st Global Cross-border Ecommerce Community
The sky is not the limit
... the mind is
Thinking beyond borders in Global Retail

C B E C | 全球跨境电子商务联盟
C R O S S B O R D E R E C O M M E R C E C O M M U N I T Y
W E C I A | 世界电子商务产业联盟
W O R L D E C O M M E R C E I N D U S T R Y A L L I A N C E
WECIA, CBEC, and CCEAA will provide assistance for international trading and cooperation for
companies globally and promote the e-commerce activities and cooperation for the alliance
members to work with business communities and governments all over the world.
世界电商产业联盟 / 全球跨境电子商务联盟 / 中国跨境电子商务应用联盟，将吸纳五十几个经
济相对活跃国家的电商企业，建立起遍布全球的服务网络，协助各国企业开展国际性的商务合
作及交流，促进联盟成员同世界各国、各地区政府及企业界的交流与合作。
C C E A A | 中国跨境电子商务应用联盟
C H I N A C R O S S B O R D E R E C O M M E R C E A P P L I C AT I O N A L L I A N C E

 2018 survey shows 82% of global consumers have made an online cross-border purchase.
 Companies that export are 17% more profitable than companies that stay domestic.
 By integrating into foreign markets, you help defend your domestic market.
 Exporting can help smooth over seasonal slowdowns.
 Exporting allows you to improve the value of your intellectual property by claiming it internationally.
 If you consider to sell your business, exporting adds more value to it.

POPULATION
C R O S S B O R D E R T R A D E
 In China, competing globally means you’ll reach more than
just 34% of the world’s population of 7,62 billion people.
* Rest of Asia 25.5%;
* Africa 16.8%;
* Europe 9.8%;
* Latin America incl. Caribbean 8.5%;
* North America 4.8%;
* Oceania 0.5%.
 How do people find products and services?
 How do they use or access them?
 How do they pay for them?

 Research, do your homework. If you cannot ...you must outsource
and get professional help! (insights target market; how people consume /
way of living; communication strategy; payment, taxes and import fees)
 Strategy. Create step-by-step business plan ...consider legal entity
abroad to handle your legal affairs operating by the law! (tweak your
domestic business in order to streamline the international business in
terms of 5L’s + guarantee quality & service)
 Marketing. Create international strategy based on a local perspective.
(communicate on ‘their’ level utilizing local channels of communication by
culture; digital social media is cheap and effectively)
HOW

 Online presence. Visual (image/video) and Voice Activated Search
(e.g. Amazon Echo, Google Home) may make up 50% of all searches by 2020.
 Marketplaces versus Website. Needs to be fast, localized, optimized for mobile.
Mobile is reaching 70% of e-commerce traffic! (preferably in local language; present
prices in popular currency; clear delivery and returns policy; customer service team)
 Optimize. Get the business going, test, analyze the results to better optimize your
international business. (offer free samples of your product and ask for feedback; sell
your products on local marketplaces to gain visibility & reviews)
 We Do Too at least ...and Innovate.
Experience, Quality, Service and Trust are first. Disrupt whenever, wherever you can!
HOW

HOW to MILLENNIALS
G A M I F I C AT I O N | S O C I A L I N F L U E N C E | S O C I A L C O N S C I O U S N E S S

LESSONS LEARNED ALIPAY | WECHAT PAY
HOW (1): Scaling up digital payments with a successful e-commerce
business of scale. Alike, in America we witnessed eBay and PayPal.
G O V E R N M E N T | D I S R U P T O R S | T E C H N O L O G Y | S C A L E & A D D E D VA L U E
HOW (2): In China, technology giants Alibaba and Tencent have changed
how people live their daily lifes! Internet penetration paved the way. Online
shopping websites Taobao and Tmall (added value) servicing over 500
million active users spending ~US$ 500 billion in annual sales (scale).
Tencent’s WeChat released in 2011 a smartphone app that disrupted
China’s traditional SMS market by offering free messaging (added value)
to over 1 billion active users as of early 2018 (scale).
The Chinese government took steps to promote financial inclusion via
digital financial services. In 2015 the government granted banking licenses
to several technology companies including Tencent, Alibaba and Baidu to
operate as private banks.
Today, combining government support with market forces, China has
quickly evolved into a technology hub and by far the largest
ecommerce market in the world.
50% of survey respondents believe that Alipay’s and WeChat Pay’s existing scale prior to entering
the payments market was the most important success factor!
CASE: China, with 1.4 billion people, US$ 10.2 trillion in real GDP, and
6.5% real GDP growth as of 2017, China is the world’s most populous
country and 2nd largest and fastest contributor to the world growth in
the last decade, according to the World Bank.
More people are moving from rural to urban areas, the middle class is
rising, so as the spending power.
The banking industry has been very fragmented and many banks only
operate in their existing footprint. Percentage of unbanked population
was high and cash was the most widely used payment method. The
payments ecosystem was underdeveloped and inconvenient.

REPLICABLE? MARKET LEADING MARKETPLACES, YES!
I N T E R N E T + I N F L U E N C E O F 1 . 4 B I L L I O N C H I N E S E U S E R S
IN TERMS OF MACRO SIZE? DEVELOPED AND FRAGMENTED MARKETS, MAYBE!

UNIVERSAL CONSUMER PROFILES
L O C A L A N D I N T E R N AT I O N A L M A R K E T P L A C E S
 Quality
 Easy / Convenient
 Friendly
 Responsive
 Accessibility / Speed

DRIVERS FOR ESHOPPING
C O N V E N I E N C E A N D T R U S T = C O N V E R S I O N
MOTIVATION
 Better price
 Product availability
 Higher quality
 Lower shipping costs
 Faster delivery times
 Discover new products
CONVERSION
 Convenient Experience
 Localization
 Free shipping
 Insights total costs
 Secure way to pay
 Reviews - TRUST

DRIVERS FOR ECOMMERCE
 Over 80% of survey respondents believe that
seamless cross-channel payments are of high
importance.
 Mobile payments. Having access to all necessary
info via smartphone over 60% of consumers research
products online before they step inside a store.
 More than 75% believe that Internet of Things (IoT)
will ultimately change the way we live, shop and pay.
 Technology is changing the world. Bandwidth,
storage, sensors, cheaper computing power, more
powerful and more widely available than ever before.
 4th Industrial Revolution: Artificial Intelligence
(AI) and Augmented Reality (AR) blurring the
lines between humanity and machine with
enormous implications for the labour market
and the global economy.
 85% ranked fraud as a top 5 concern in their
organisation. Fraud losses are over US$ 20
billion per year, more than doubled over the
past decade. AI will replace the current static
fraud tools (legacy) that rely on rules as the
primary method for prevention. Meaning less
false positives, less rates of manual reviews
and inability to scale.
B 2 C I S S I M I L A R T O B 2 B

PAYMENT LANDSCAPE
 Roadblocks to adopt ‘faster payments’ (real-time)
due to aging core banking systems (legacy).
 Financial Institutions cannot expect end-users to
remain satisfied with batch based ACH services
forever.
S U R V E Y E D G A R & D U N N 2 0 1 8
 Payment cards in circulation around 11.7 billion by 2023 globally,
out of which 8.4 billion debit cards. Emerging markets (China, India)
to grow significantly, mature markets slowly.

Payments cards as foundation for adoption to more
convenient and secure Digital Wallet In-App payment on smartphones.
PAYMENT LANDSCAPE

PAYMENT LANDSCAPE

Safe!
Mobile money is much harder for fraudsters and
criminals to use these services illegally.
Mobile money services store a record of every
transaction and account balance, so even if the phone or
SIM card is lost or stolen, the user’s money is kept safe.
Additionally, every transaction requires identification in
the form of a secret PIN.
 Rapid popularisation of smartphones and development of communications technologies in Asia and Africa.
 Upgrade of consumers’ spending more demand for smoother and flexible payment methods.
 Stakeholders (manufacturers, operators, psp’s) have expedited the development and rolling out of mobile payments.
MOBILE MONEY on the rise
Mobile money succeeded in markets
where traditional banking infrastructure
was poorly developed or inaccessible.
Mature markets highlight the potential for
mobile money to transform access to
financial services.

 Whether crypto will control payments, we don’t
know. We are curious and excited to explore the
potential opportunities.
 Decentralised architecture of Bitcoin system means
no ‘central authority’ controlling issuance of currency.
 Can crypto currencies reach critical mass if it
fluctuates widely and unpredictably?!
 Only 3-20 transactions per second versus 300 global card transactions (and
scaling up), while crypto processing consuming more electricity than small country.
 Existing legacy systems: faster, cheaper, more economical to operate - at least today - what’s the value migrating to crypto currencies?
PAYMENT LANDSCAPE

BLOCKCHAIN & CROSS BORDER PAYMENTS
1. Real-time payments – With real-time payments, corporates can maximise the use of cash until the last possible due date
while preventing the risk of late payment defaults.
2. Visibility and traceability – Both the sender and the receiver can track until the parcel delivery has been made.
3. Full transparency – Supplier disputes and reconciliation issues when payments not received in full are prevented.
4. Certainty – Cross-border payments are 100% pre-validated and hence guaranteed.
5. Rich information – Financial institutions are compelled to transfer unaltered messages. This facilitates the reconciliation
of payments, improves the working capital allocations and reduces the errors/ investigative times spent by back offices.

Blockchain’s impact on Ecommerce presents advantages of increased safety
and lower costs in international as well as domestic payment transactions. It
can also replace paper-based and manual purchase orders and other trade
documents, using “smart” contracts. Global initiatives with impact…
The European Commission has supported the signing of a 27-
country pact on blockchain, the European Blockchain Partnership,
that will see EU-wide collaboration on regulatory and technical
matters. The EU will allocate €300 million in blockchain
investment over the next three years.
In the Middle East, the United Arab Emirates has developed a
visionary strategy for blockchain with the intent of having 50% of
government transactions on blockchain by 2021.
China’s initiatives, such as the “Belt-and-Road strategy,”
will further fuel blockchain’s development on the
regional and, potentially, global level!
Launched in 2013 as “one belt, one road,” this initiative
involves China underwriting billions of dollars of
infrastructure investment in countries along the old Silk
Road linking it with Europe. The ambition is immense:
China is spending roughly $150 billion a year in the 68
countries that have signed up to the scheme.
The US is awakening, as the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress provides several recommendations to policymakers,
regulators, and entrepreneurs regarding applications of the blockchain technology. States across the US have shown interests in
leveraging blockchain technology to stimulate local economies and improve various aspects of public service.

China is leading, followed by the
UK, Germany and Canada.
The US is slowly awakening. While
Trump is tearing up ‘fences’, Mexico
is heavily investing in blockchain…

Notice: investment in terms of hiring
staff and/or facilitating education

Companies working on
blockchain are involved in…

 Affective computing. Emphatic technology, thanks to the integration of emotional intelligence in devices (e.g.
Smartphones home systems, wearables) will enable precise tracking of behaviour and movement patterns.
 Artificial co-workers and their intelligence will penetrate all aspects of our working lives.
 Autonomous mobility. AI missing piece of jigsaw for replacing humans as drivers. Technology has to prove their
superiority in order to be accepted by the political world and society.
 Chatbots. Newer developments are capable of complex dialogues thanks to their connection to large datasets and
ability to learn from previous conversations. Service | experience improvement.
 Intelligent Personal Assistants. Speech recognition and user profiling ensure a personal user experience. Now, mainly
on mobile devices. Near future on many input IoT devices.
 Cognitive computing... “The Matrix” alike!
After “Mobile first”, we now have “AI first”
Machine learning enables systems to develop
their own awareness of their surroundings and
interact with them without needing humans as
interface / intermediaries. The MATRIX is HERE!

“AI FIRST”, over promised and over hyped?
Alibaba, Tencent, Amazon, Apple, Microsoft, FaceBook and Google …are doing
research for mostly how AI can solve their business problems. More interesting
…how AI can bring added value (e.g. convenience, security) to Commerce.
 FaceBook and Google …technolgy rivals working together for facial / image recognition help them to
continue expanding their brands. INSIDE OUT | PROTECTIONISM
 Alibaba wants to change both business and society on a massive scale. Impact its future and the global
retail landscape. AliMe chatbot (shopping assistent or ‘chatty cathy’) in 2017 the system handled 95% of
9 million requests turning consumers into happy people. OUTSIDE IN | ADDED VALUE
 Taobao, world’s biggest ecommerce website, you can upload image and the system will find similar
products. Over 14 billion people use this feature everyday to find products amongst 3 billion images
of over 10 million products. OUTSIDE IN | ADDED VALUE

DRIVER – IoT IN RETAIL
 Smart shelves and In-store Layout Optimization.
 Robot employees. Helps customers find specific
products and provides information on promotions
and inventory. Roam the store and take note of
misplaced items, or products running out of stock.
 Optimizing Supply Chain Management. With RFID
and GPS sensors, you can use IoT to obtain more
precise data, like the temperature at which an item
is being stored, or how long it spent in transit. You
can use that data to improve the quality of
transportation.
S M A R T S H O P S a n d S U P P LY C H A I N M A N A G E M E N T

DRIVER – IoT IN RETAIL
 Automated check-out. McKinsey: tagged products
automatically deduce that cost from the customers’
mobile payment app. This may reduce cashier staff
requirements by up to 75%, resulting in savings of
US$150 billion to US$380 billion a year in 2025.
 Personalized discounts. IoT can set up sensors around
the store that send loyalty discounts to certain customers
when they stand near products with their smartphones.
You can tailor each discount using IoT to maximize your
conversion rates.
P E R S O N A L I Z E D S H O P A U T O M AT I O N
 Beacons, small Bluetooth devices that send alerts to
smartphones based on location proximity. This means
customers can receive discounts, special events, or other
reminders when they’re near a shop and have previously
downloaded the store’s app.

Key fa c t s a n d st at i st i c s f r o m
s o m e o f t h e w o r l d ’s b i g ge st
e c o m m e r c e m a r ket s
May 2018, ecommerce represents around 9% of total retail sales globally,
though is set to nearly double in the next 5 years.
THE REGIONAL VIEW

 Export US$1.445 trillion in 2017.
 Germany is Europe’s most powerful economy.
 Germany’s population is 80.6 million people.
 Unemployment rate was 3.6% as of January
2018 down from 4.3% two years earlier.
 Export iron + steel fastest-growing
categories up 21.4% from 2016 to 2017.
 Export to Russia is fastest growing
country up 24% from 2016 to 2017.
EXPORT TO
in 2017 US$ 1.445 billion
Industry US$ billion %
Vehicles 257 17.8
Machinery including computers 245 17
Electrical machinery, equipment 149 10.3
Pharmaceuticals 84 5.8
Optical, technical, medical 73 5
Plastics, plastic articles 64 4.4
Aircraft, spacecraft 42 2.9
Articles of iron or steel 30 2.1
Mineral fuels including oil 27 1.9
Iron, steel 26 1.8

 Import US$ 1.168 trillion in 2017.
 German imports represent 7.3% of total global
imports which totaled US$16.054 trillion in 2016.
 As of June 2018, Germany’s import purchases
were valued at US$655.4 billion up 17.2%
compared to the first 6 months of 2017.
 Germany’s top 10 imports accounted
for 63.2% of the overall value of its
product purchases from other countries.
 Imported iron or steel had the fastest-growing
increase in value up 25.7% from 2016 to 2017.
 Overall, Germany posted a trade surplus equal
to US$276.6 billion in 2017. A -1.2% dip from
Germany’s US$280.1-billion trade surplus in 2016.
IMPORT FROM
in 2017 US$1.168 billion
Machinery including computers 149 12.7
Vehicles 132 10.5
Optical, technical, medical app 40 3.4
Organic chemicals 34 2.9
Iron, steel 29 2.5
Articles of iron or steel 23 2

 Export US $1.445 trillion in 2017.
 Export US$ 445 billion in 2017.
 UK population is 64.8 million people.
 Unemployment rate 4.3% in Nov. 2017
down from 4.8% in 2016.
 Mineral fuels + oil fastest-growing export
product up 38.4% from 2016 -2017
 As of June 2018, UK’s exported goods
were valued at US$244.6 billion up 13.6%
compared to the first 6 months of 2017.
 China’s imports from the UK increased by
17% year over year.
EXPORT TO
in 2017 US$ 445 billion
Vehicles 54 12.1
Minerals fuels including oil 36 8
Gems, precious metals 33 7.4
Electric machinery, equipment 29 6.4
Optical, technical, medical app. 18 4.1

 Export US $1.445 trillion in 2017.
 Import US$ 644 billion in 2017
 UK imports represent 4% of total global
imports which totaled $16.054 trillion in 2016
 UK’s most valuable imported products are
cars, gold, crude oil, smart phones, medicines
and turbo-jets.
 Top 10 imports accounted for 64.7% of the
overall value of its product purchases from
other countries.
IMPORT FROM
Vehicles 73 11.3
Mineral fuels including oil 52 8
Furniture, bedding, lighting, signs 12 1.8

 Export US$ 523 billion in 2017.
 France population is 67.1 million people.
 Unemployment rate was 9.7% as of September 2017
compared to 9.9% in 2016.
 Iron + steel fastest-growing up 28.9% from 2016 to 2017.
 As of June 2018, France’s exported goods were valued at
US$ 290 billion up 15.7% compared to the first 6 months of 2017.
EXPORT TO
Vehicles 51 9.7
Electric machinery, equipment 42 8
Pharmaceuticals 31 6
Beverages, spirits, vinegar 18 3.5
Perfumes, cosmetics 18 3.4
Optical, technical, medical app 16 3
Iron, steel 15 2.8

 Import US$ 612 billion in 2017.
 As of June 2018, France’s exported goods were valued at
US$ 290 billion up 15.7% compared to the first 6 months of 2017.
 China's exports to France amounted to US$ 55.5 billion or 9.1%
of its overall imports.
IMPORT FROM
Vehicles 65 10.6
Electrical machinery, equipment 55 9
Aircraft, spacecraft 25 4
Iron, steel 13 2
Top-10 China's exports to France US$ billion
Electronic equipment 14.7
Machinery 10.4
Clothing (not knit or crochet) 3.5
Knit or crochet clothing 3.1
Toys, games 3.0
Furniture, lighting, signs 2.7
Footwear 1.9
Plastics 1.7
Medical, technical equipment 1.4
Leather, animal gut articles 1.4

 America population 326.6 million people.
 America’s unemployment rate was 4.1% as of January
2018 compared to 4.8% 12 months earlier.
 Export US$ 1.547 trillion in 2017:
* Asian importers purchased 32.2%;
* Europe importers purchased 20.8%;
* Latin America & Caribbean 9.5%;
* Africa importers purchased 1.4%.
 As of June 2018, U.S. exported goods were valued at
US$ 829.9 billion up 9.6% compared to first 6 months 2017.
 Among top 10 export categories mineral fuels + oil
fastest-growing up 47.3% from 2016 to 2017.
EXPORT TO
in US$ 1.547 trillion
Machinery including computers 202 13
Vehicles 130 8.4
Plastics, plastic articles 62 4

 Import US$ 2.409 trillion in 2017:
* Import Asia 45.9%;
* Import North America 25.9%;
* Import Europe 21.1%;
* Latin America & Caribbean 5%;
* Import Africa 1.4%.
 Mineral fuels + oil fastest-growing
up 25.2% from 2016 to 2017.
 As of June 2018, purchases were
valued at US$1.268 trillion up 8.6%
compared to first 6 months of 2017.
IMPORT FROM
in 2017 US$ 2.409 trillion
Vehicles 295 12.2
Pharmaceuticals 96 4
Top-10 China's exports to US US$ billion
Machinery 91.4
Toys, games 18.9
Plastics 15.6
Vehicles 15.1
Footwear 12.0
Iron or steel products 10.4

 America population 126.5 million people.
 Japan’s unemployment rate was 2.8% as of December
2017 down from 3.1% in 2016.
 Export US$ 698 billion in 2017:
* North America importers purchased 22.3%;
* Europe 12.9%%;
 As of June 2018, Japan’s exported goods were valued at
US$ 369.5 billion up 9.8% compared to first 6 months 2017.
 Among top 10 export categories mineral fuels + oil fastest
growing up 21.3% from 2016 to 2017.
EXPORT TO
Vehicles 146 20.9
Electric machinery, equipment 106 15.1
Iron, steel 28 4
Ships, boats 12 1.8
Minerals fuels including oil 11 1.6

 Import US$ 671 billion in 2017:
 Mineral fuels + oil fastest-growing up 27.5%
from 2016 to 2017.
 China's exports to Japan $137.4 billion or 6%
of its overall exports.
 June 2018, Japan’s import were valued at $363.6
billion up 11.2% compared to first 6 months 2017.
IMPORT FROM
Vehicles 22 3.3
Ores, slag, ash 20 3
Clothing, accessories (not knit) 14 2
Top-10 China's exports to Japan US$ billion
Machinery 22.3
Toys, games 4.7
Footwear 4.3
Plastics 4.2

 Dutch population 17.1 million people.
 Unemployment rate for the Netherlands was 4.1% as of
February 2018 down from 5.3% in 2016.
* European importers purchased 75.7%;
* North America 4.5% / Latin America & Caribbean 1.3%;
 Pharmaceuticals represent the fastest-growing among the top
10 export categories, up 101.2% from 2016 to 2017.
EXPORT TO
Machinery including computers 93.5 14.3
Electrical machinery, equipment 87.4 13.4
Mineral fuels including oil 80.3 12.3
Pharmaceuticals 33.5 5.1
Optical, technical, medical 30.1 4.6
Vehicles 27.3 4.2
Plastics, plastic articles 25.4 3.9
Organic chemicals 21.4 3.3
Iron, steel 14.8 2.3
Live trees, plants, cut flowers 10.3 1.6

* Import Latin & Caribbean 3%;
 Aluminum fastest-growing
up 105.7% from 2016 to 2017.
 China's exports to NL US$ 67.3 billion.
IMPORT FROM
Vehicles 31.2 5.4
Optical, technical, medical app 24.2 4.2
Pharmaceuticals 23.6 4.1
Iron, steel 11.7 2
Aluminium 8.6 1.5
Top-10 China's exports to NL US$ billion
Machinery 18.3
Toys, games 3.6
Organic chemicals 2.2
Plastics 1.3
Vehicles 1

 Italy’s population 62.1 million people.
 Unemployment rate was 11.1% as of January 2018, down
from 11.9% in 2016.
 Mineral fuels including oil was the fastest-growing among the
top 10 export categories, up 43.3% in value from 2016 to 2017
EXPORT TO
Vehicles 44 8.6
Articles of iron or steel 18 3.5
Iron, steel 13 2.6
Clothing, accessorie (not knit) 13 2.5

* Import Africa 4.6%;
* Import Latin & Caribbean 2.3%.
 Iron and steel fastest-growing via 32.5%
year-over-year increase.
 China's exports to Italy US$ 32.1 billion.
IMPORT FROM
Vehicles 44 9.8
Top-10 China's exports to Italy US$ billion
Machinery 5.9
Knit of crochet clothing 1.2
Iron and steel 1.1
Plastics 1.1

 South Korea population 51.2 million people.
 Unemployment rate was 11.1% as of January 2018, down
from 11.9% in 2016.
 Mineral fuels + oil was the fastest-growing among the top 10
export categories, up 43.3% in value from 2016 to 2017
EXPORT TO
2017: US$ 573 billion
Vehicles 61.9 10.8
Ships, boats 41.0 7.1
Plastics, plastic articels 31.5 5.5
Optical, technical, medical app. 29.0 5.1
Organic chemicals 22.7 4
Articles of iron or steel 13.1 2.3

 Import US$ 478.4 billion in 2017:
 Imported mineral fuels + oil fastest-growing
up 34.5% from 2016 to 2017.
 China's exports to South Korea US$ 102.8
billion or 4.5% of its overall exports.
IMPORT FROM
Mineral fuels including oil 110.0 23
Vehicles 15.7 3.3
Ores, slag, ash 14.1 3
Other chemical goods 7.5 1.6
Top-10 China's exports to SK US$ billion
Machinery 11.4
Iron and steel 6.8
Inorganic chemicals 2.8
Iron or steel products 2.6
Mineral fuels including oil 2.5
Plastics 2.4

 Hong Kong population 7.2 million people.
 Unemployment rate was 2.9% as of February 2018
compared to 3.3% in January 2017.
 Export US$ 550.2 billion in 2017:
* North American importers 8.8%.
 The toys and games category placed first among the fastest-
growing export products, up 28% from 2016 to 2017.
EXPORT TO
Gems, precious metals 87.2 15.8
Plastics, plastic articels 10.6 1.9
Clocks, watches including parts 8.4 1.5
Toys, games 7.3 1.3
Knit or crochet clothing,
asseccories 7.1 1.3
Clothing, asseccories (not knit) 6.6 1.2
Leather/animal gut articles 4.8 0.9

 Import US$ 589.8 billion in 2017:
* Import Australia / Oceania 1.6%.
 Toys and games fastest-growing import category for
Hong Kong from 2016 to 2017, up 31.5%.
 China's exports to Hong Kong amounted to US$ 281
billion or 12.4% of its overall exports.
IMPORT FROM
Top-10 China's exports to HK US$ billion
Machinery 43.6
Gems, precious metals 11.4
Mineral fuels including oil 6.7
Ships, boats 6.3
Plastics 4.4
Gems, precious metals 71.3 12.1
Clocks, watches including parts 8.2 1.4
Meat 6.6 1.1
Knit or crochet clothing 6.0 1
Toys, games 5.9 1

 Trade War... I believe The Wars of the future will rely on smart technology and ecommerce like never before.
 Brexit (poll September / October) on 29 March 2019
* 44% of the public think that the UK leaves the EU without a deal.
* 14% of the public expect Brexit to increase their own standard of living in the next five years.
* Proportion public expecting their standard of living to decrease has risen, from 25% in June 2016 to 31% today.
* 39% of the public expect UK economic growth to decrease as a result of Brexit, and 22% to increase.
* Very view expect export to countries in the EU to increase in the five years following Brexit. 46% expect exports to
countries outside the EU will increase.
* Aspect the public is more united about is that Brexit will lead to a decrease in EU immigration.
 Chinese demand for cross-border ecommerce booms with Tax Reforms ahead, however repeatedly delayed. The
underlying drivers of cross-border ecommerce remain solid as a rock. On top continuing increase in disposable
incomes and living standards.
POTENTIAL CLOUDS ON THE HORIZON
P O L I T I C A L E N V I R O N M E N T

POLICY MAKERS
C R O S S B O R D E R E C O M M E R C E T H E A N S W E R T O T R A D E WA R S ? !
Policymakers could enact harmful regulations or taxes as national security or industrial protectionism. Many
companies have no choice except for to alter supply chains or find new markets in response to onerous tariffs.
Nevertheless, the benefits are too important to ignore:
 Cross-border e-commerce is a profound driver of positive-sum growth, far outpacing the growth of the
economy as a whole. According to the APEC report, it is reinforced by the positive impact of technology,
global reach, lower transaction costs, and efficiency gains.
 In the best-case scenario, the unstoppable rise of a global e-commerce marketplace could create a trigger
for governments to lower trade barriers and harmonize procedures and trade rules. China, for example,
has created trade zones in the past to make it easier for cross-border e-commerce to flourish.
“IF GOVERNMENTS REACT TO THIS CHANGING TRADE LANDSCAPE BY ATTEMPTING
TO REVERSE IT, THEN THEY ARE IN ‘DANGER’ OF BEING LEFT BEHIND

2018 - Thinking beyond borders in Global Retail Import Export Trade

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2018 - Thinking beyond borders in Global Retail Import Export Trade