A presentation done as a part of the course Presentation and Communication Techniques(PCT) during Semester 3 of the under-graduate degree programme in Emgineering. This presentation effectively describes the possible technologies which could be adopted by service providers to offer 4G sevices to its customers. it also emphasizes on the factors that helps in deciding which technology can be included under the 4G category, the performance benchmarks etc. It also discusses the economics and various scenarios involved behind migration from existing operations to offering 4G services in its porfolio

2.  What is 4G?
 Why the need of 4G?
 The 4G Technology.
 Possibilities with 4G.
 Why has the transition to 4G not yet
happened?
 Economics behind the migration.
 India’s Perspective.

3. • 4G = 4th Generation mobile communications
• 4G = B3G = Beyond 3rd Generation (UMTS, IMT-
2000) mobile communications
• Foreseen to become available after 2010.

4. • 2 major goals: broadband for all, access everywhere
• ITU Recommendation ITU-R M.1645:
”Systems beyond IMT-2000 will be realized by
functional fusion of existing, enhanced, and newly
developed elements of IMT-2000, nomadic wireless
access systems and other wireless systems, with
high commonality and seamless interworking.”
 a mix of many interacting systems is foreseen (not
one standard).
• Targeted data rates (with wide area coverage and
significant mobility) are in the area of 50 to 100
Mbits/s.
“ High data rates, high mobility along with wide area coverage
are the hallmarks of future Mobile Broadband services”

5. “Odds are good that mobile data services become popular”

6. Characteristics 3G 4G
Major requirement driving
Architecture
Predominantly voice driven –
data was an add on.
Converged voice,video and
data over IP.
Network architecture Wide Area Cell based Integration of wireless
Lan/Wan(Wifi,Wimax,LtE)
Speed 144kbps to 2.1Mbps(fixed) 20 to 100 Mbps
Frequency Band 1800-2400 Mhz Higjer Frequency Bands (2-
8)GhZ
Bandwidth 1.25/5 MHz(CDMA 2000) 100 MHz or more
Switching scheme Circuit and packet All digital with packet based
voice
RF transmission technology W-Cdma,1xRTT,3xRTT,EV-
DO,Edge,GPRS
OFDMA and MC-CDMA(multi
Carrier CDMA)
Component Design Optimised antenna
design,multi band adapters
Smart
antennas(MIMO),software
multiband and wide band
radios
Internet Protocol A number air link protocols,
including IP v5.0
All IP (IP v6.0)

7.  With WCDMA based 3G, as the data speed increases the coverage
area of the cell become smaller and smaller.
 For data rates of 2 Mbps and above, a WCDMA cell can cover only
an area of 10 meter radius ie. about 300 sq. meters.
 eg : To provide 2Mbps data connectivity to an Air port terminal of
say, 600 meter square (360,000 Sq.Mtr.), there should be 1200 W-
CDMA cells.
 As far as mobility is concerned; using W-CDMA cells, with increase
in data rate the speed of movement of user terminal also becomes
lesser and lesser.
 eg : For 2Mbps, the speed of movement will be limited to 10 meters
/second, ie. a vehicle moving at 36 K.M per hour.
“It is like using a "Claw bar for a toothpick" or a "Space shuttle instead
of Boeing" to travel between cities.”

10.  Specifications by ITU to Qualify under 4G:

11.  As of yet no specific standard for 4G
exists .
The Candidates
1. LTE Advanced(Long term Evolution)
• A preliminary mobile communication
standard submitted as a candidate for
4G

12. • LTE
Advanced
•

13.  WiMax – Worldwide interoperability for
Microwave Access
 Current Wimax revision provides speed
upto 40Mb/s. However with 802.16m
revision will be able to offer speeds upto
1Gb/s.
 The IEEE 802.16 standard forms the Basis
of mobile WiMax.
 Also reffered to as WiMax Release 2.

14.  IEEE 802.16m is one of the major candidates
to be standardised by ITU.
 Like LTE it provides strong backward
compatibility.
 It is expected that M- WiMax deployment
will be after 2012.
 The current Protocol Incorporates:
 Ultrawide broadband(UWB).
 Multiple input multple output(MIMO).
 Orthogonal frequency divison multiple
access (OFDMA).

17. • Virtual Presence: 4G system gives mobile users a
"virtual presence" (for example, always-on connections to
keep people on event).
• Virtual navigation: a remote database contains the
graphical representation of streets, buildings, and
physical characteristics of a large metropolis. Blocks of
this database are transmitted in rapid sequence to a
vehicle
• Tele-medicine: 4G will support remote health
monitoring of patients.
• Tele-geoprocessing: Queries dependent on location
information of several users, in addition to temporal
aspects have many applications.
•Crisis-management applications
• Education

18. # 3 Scenarios
1. Nobody Makes the
conversion to 4G.
2. Everyone makes the
conversion to 4G
3. Some of the players make
the conversion to 4G

19. Some sample costs in 4G space
1. Backhaul upgrade
› $30-60M to convert 10,000 base stations from 2 to 4G
technology.
2. WiMAX (Sprint) buildout
› $3B investment, 3 years to cover 200 M pop
3. Migrating CDMA2000 to 1xEVDOrA (Verizon Wireless)
› $6B over 3 years for a “nationwide” footprint
 4G Hardware provides high speeds, QoS and control
mechanisms; hardware costs tend to be “commoditized”,
so volume will drive them down.
 The key costs for 4G lie in the software that ties everything
together
“Software being labor intensive, 4G costs can be considerably high,requiring higher returns
than 3G “

20. .