RoRILaunch 3 CAREERS Hancock
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Incentives and pathways for next-generation research. Insights from research in the United Kingdom. Sally Hancock, Lecturer in Education, University of York
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RoRILaunch 3 CAREERS Hancock
- 1. Incentives and pathways for next-generation research Insights from research in the United Kingdom Dr Sally Hancock Department of Education New Frontiers for Research on Research Wellcome Collection, 30th September 2019
- 2. 9,960 10,465 10,915 10,925 12,375 12,020 12,870 12,865 12,890 13,135 2,540 2,750 2,915 2,850 3,095 2,920 3,070 3,200 3,470 3,7105,202 5,445 6,130 6,540 6,605 6,300 6,825 7,265 7,695 8,410 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 Doctoralgraduates(n) Academic year UK Other EU Non EU Source: HESA Student Record
- 4. Occupational sector and role 29.9 70.1 Academic or research position Left HE sector n=4,288 31.6 68.4 University researchers Higher education teaching professionals n=1,282 46.2 53.8 Non research role Research role outside academia n=3,006 Source: Long DLHE 2011/12 & 2013/14
- 5. ‘It’s a very harsh environment to be part of, but I wanted a challenge. It chews up people and spits them out – it’s a culture of sink or swim but the university doesn’t like people who can’t swim so it makes them sink. It’s an uphill struggle.’ Female interviewee, Risks and Rewards: How PhD students chose their careers (Ipsos Mori/ Wellcome Trust, 2013)
- 6. Staying in academia - disciplinary differences 45.2 20.0 25.4 23.1 50.6 54.8 80.0 74.6 76.9 49.4 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0 Arts & Humanities Biological sciences Biomedical sciences Physical sciences & engineering Social sciences Academic employment Non-academic employment n=4,288 Source: Long DLHE 2011/12 & 2013/14
- 7. n=2,427Predictive margins of securing research work in non-academic sectors 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0 Low participation nhood Other neighbourhood Black Other Asian White 30 and over Under 30 Female Male First degree only Taught Master's Arts and Humanities Social sciences Physical Sciences & Engineering Biomedical sciences Biological sciences Non Russell Group Russell Group % Institution type*** **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 Doctoral subject*** Prior qualification*** Gender**
- 8. We need a better method of tracking doctoral access, experiences and outcomes in the UK. Doctoral pathways in the UK remain largely unexplained. We need data that are genuinely longitudinal, systematically cover the characteristics known to affect access to higher study and employment outcomes, and are rich on decision- making and context.
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Nations across the globe are awarding staggering numbers of PhDs annually. These data here are the latest available from the OECD – these are the ten countries with the most PhDs awarded in 2016. What we can observe here is the mix of economies and regions following the same trend.
- Since the 1960s, economists and social theorists have referred – in theories of the knowledge economy, human capital, and the information society - to how knowledge and innovation were to be far more central than even before to developed economies faced with stagnation and decline in manufacturing. Since then, national policy makers have – with the support and legitimacy of organisations such as the OECD, World Bank and United Nations – used the knowledge economy as an idea to justify massive state investment in higher education, research, IT and technology. A crucial moment occurs in the 1980s – with the arrival of endogenous growth theory in economics – and the view that creativity and innovation (as opposed to thrift and efficiency) will be the major drivers of economic growth. UK PhD awards: 27,000 in 2016.
- Since the 1960s, economists and social theorists have referred – in theories of the knowledge economy, human capital, and the information society - to how knowledge and innovation were to be far more central than even before to developed economies faced with stagnation and decline in manufacturing. Since then, national policy makers have – with the support and legitimacy of organisations such as the OECD, World Bank and United Nations – used the knowledge economy as an idea to justify massive state investment in higher education, research, IT and technology. A crucial moment occurs in the 1980s – with the arrival of endogenous growth theory in economics – and the view that creativity and innovation (as opposed to thrift and efficiency) will be the major drivers of economic growth. UK PhD awards: 27,000 in 2016.
- Appendix.
- Since the 1960s, economists and social theorists have referred – in theories of the knowledge economy, human capital, and the information society - to how knowledge and innovation were to be far more central than even before to developed economies faced with stagnation and decline in manufacturing. Since then, national policy makers have – with the support and legitimacy of organisations such as the OECD, World Bank and United Nations – used the knowledge economy as an idea to justify massive state investment in higher education, research, IT and technology. A crucial moment occurs in the 1980s – with the arrival of endogenous growth theory in economics – and the view that creativity and innovation (as opposed to thrift and efficiency) will be the major drivers of economic growth. UK PhD awards: 27,000 in 2016.
- Predictive margins can be interpreted as average probabilities in %
- Since the 1960s, economists and social theorists have referred – in theories of the knowledge economy, human capital, and the information society - to how knowledge and innovation were to be far more central than even before to developed economies faced with stagnation and decline in manufacturing. Since then, national policy makers have – with the support and legitimacy of organisations such as the OECD, World Bank and United Nations – used the knowledge economy as an idea to justify massive state investment in higher education, research, IT and technology. A crucial moment occurs in the 1980s – with the arrival of endogenous growth theory in economics – and the view that creativity and innovation (as opposed to thrift and efficiency) will be the major drivers of economic growth. UK PhD awards: 27,000 in 2016.