Engineering graphics

1. Names of group members and enrollment numbers:
1). Riddhi.N. Patel- 160630107092
2). Ankita .D. Panjwani-160630107046
3). Nirmita Gandhi-160630107026
4). Hitaxi Patel-160630107058
5). Rajvi Dolariya-160630107019
6). Hem-160630107037
Topic: ORTHOGRAPHIC SHAPES
Guided By: Prof. Binta Mam and Prof. Roshni Mam

2. Orthographic Shapes

3. Introduction
• Orthographic projection (or orthogonal projection) is a
means of representing a three-dimensional object in two
dimensions. It is a form of parallel projection, where all the
projection lines are orthogonal to the projection
plane,[1] resulting in every plane of the scene appearing
in affine transformation on the viewing surface. A lens
providing an orthographic projection is known as
an (object-space) telecentric lens.
• The term orthographic is also sometimes reserved
specifically for depictions of objects where the axis or plane
of the object is also parallel with the projection plane,[1] as
in multiview orthographic projections.

4. The views are positioned relative to each other
according to either of two schemes: first-
angle or third-angle projection. In each, the
appearances of views may be thought of as
being projected onto planes that form a 6-sided
box around the object. Although six different sides
can be drawn, usually three views of a drawing give
enough information to make a 3D object. These
views are known as front view, top view and end
view.