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GMR Institute of Technology
An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to JNTUK Kakinada.
Full semester Internship 1st Presentation
Dept. Of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork
Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise
GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam
7 August 2019
Title
FULL SEMESTER INTERNSHIP TRAINING
AT
GMR KAMALANGA ENERGY LIMITED
Topic:
HT and LT SWITCHGEAR
PREPARED BY:
G Ravindra Kumar
(14341A0233)
Under the esteemed guidance of
Debasis Das and Somanath Patra
2
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork
Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise
GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam
7 August 2019
Switchgear:
It is defined as the apparatus used for Switching, Controlling and Protecting the
Electrical Circuits and equipment.
In general, Switchgear is used for two purposes
• Switching during normal operating conditions for the purpose of Operation
and Maintenance.
• Switching during Faults and Abnormal conditions and interrupting the fault
currents.
3
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork
Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise
GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam
47 August 2019
Depending on the voltage level, switch gear is classified into 3 types
 Low Voltage Switchgear/LT Switchgear (<1KV)
 Medium Voltage Switchgear/MV Switchgear (<33KV)
 High Voltage Switchgear/HT Switchgear(>33KV)
But in heavily polluted areas Indoor Switchgear are preferred even for high
voltages
Scheme of switchgear bus
a) 2 incomers & 1 bus coupler
b) Bus coupler can be manual or auto changeover
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork
Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise
GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam
57 August 2019
Components of Switchgear:
 Circuit Breaker
 Relay
 Current Transformer
 Capacitor Voltage Transformer
 Terminal Box
 Switches
 Fuse
 Energy Meter
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork
Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise
GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam
67 August 2019
WHAT IS A CIRCUIT BREAKER?
A circuit breaker is an equipment that make or breaks a circuit either manually or
automatically under all conditions at no load, full load or short circuit.
Operating Principle
Two contacts called electrode remains closed under normal operating conditions.
When fault occurs on any part of the system, the trip coil of the circuit breaker
get energized and contacts are separated
The Circuit breaker used are:
 Air Circuit Breaker
 Vacuum Circuit Breaker
 Moulded Case Circuit Breaker
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork
Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise
GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam
77 August 2019
Vacuum Circuit Breaker
Advantages
• Compact, reliable and have
longer life.
• No fire hazards.
• No generation of gas during
and after operation.
• Can interrupt any fault current.
• No noise is produced while
operating.
• Require less power for control
operation.
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork
Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise
GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam
87 August 2019
Vacuum Circuit Breaker
Vacuum ChamberInside the Vacuum Circuit Breaker
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork
Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise
GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam
97 August 2019
Air Circuit Breaker
• Circuit breaker shall be three pole, single
throw, air break type.
• Circuit breakers shall be draw out type,
having SERVICE, TEST & ISOLATED
positions with indication for each
position.
• Each breaker shall be provided with an
emergency manual trip, mechanical ON-
OFF indicator mechanism,
charge/discharge indicator.
• Mechanical safety interlock shall be
provided to prevent the circuit breaker
from being racked in or out of the service
position when the breaker is closed.
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork
Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise
GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam
107 August 2019
220V to 24 V
converter for
Protection Device
Spring Charging
Handle
Plug Connector
for Aux
Contacts(Fixed &
Moveable)
Protection relay
with Lock out
release
Mechanical On
Off Button
CB Position
Indicator
CB Isolation
locking & Tagging
Spring Charge
Position Indication
CB Rack In & Out
Handle
CB Name Plate
Ratting
CB Open/Close
Indication
Air Circuit Breaker
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork
Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise
GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam
117 August 2019
Molded Case Circuit Breaker:
 Molded case circuit breakers (MCCBs) can withstand amperage levels of up
to 2,500 amperes.
 It’s also used for overload and fault protection, though normally for more
energy-intensive systems.
 The adjustability of MCCBs make them particularly useful in main electric
feeders as more circuits may eventually be added to the system and thus, will
possibly require a change in the overall trip settings.
 Motor protection is also a common application for MCCBs.
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork
Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise
GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam
127 August 2019
• Definition:- Relay is a device which detects an abnormal fault
condition by constantly measuring the electrical quantities which are
different under normal and faulty conditions.
Battery
Circuit
Breaker
C.T. Relay
Coil
Trip Coil
Relay operating
circuit
Tripping circuit
Sensing circuit
Relay
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork
Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise
GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam
137 August 2019
Protection Relays
Numerical Relays
Feeder Protection
Transformer
Protection
Voltage
Management
Motor Protection
Electromechanical
Relays
CB Fuse failure
indication relay
CB contact
multiplier
Relay Classification
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork
Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise
GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam
147 August 2019
Current Transformers
Current Transformers are used as measuring and protecting equipment, that
step down the high current to low measurable current.
Wound Type Ring Type Window/Bar
Type
Core Balance Current Transformer is a ring type current transformer, in which
three core cable or three single core cables of three phase system passes. This
transformer is normally used for earth fault protection for low and medium
voltage system.
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork
Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise
GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam
157 August 2019
SWITCHES
The switches shall be TP/TPN heavy duty, air break mechanism operated by a
suitable external handle with position indicator.
FUSES
 The fuses shall be of HRC link type. Visual indication shall be provided to
indicate fuse failure.
 The motor fuse rating and characteristics shall be suitably chosen so that they
do not operate during the starting period of the motor.
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork
Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise
GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam
167 August 2019
Detail Load upon Individual Unit 6.6 KV Switchgear
UAT-A
1 WORKING INCOMER OF 6.6KV UNIT SECTION 1A
2 STAND 3BY INCOMER (TIE TO ST-A)
3 BUSBAR PT
4 VENTILATION TRANSFORMER
5 U-1 LV TRANSFORMER 1A
6 U-1 ESP TRANSFORMER 1A
7 IDCT TRANSFORMER 1A
8 ID FAN 1A
9 PA FAN 1A
10 CW PUMP 1A
11 CONDENSATE PUMP 1A
12 FD FAN 1A
13 UAT-1A SPARE-1
14 TDBFBP 1A
15 MILL 1A
16 MILL 1B
17 MILL 1 C
18 Bucket Wheel Stacker 1 And Reclaimer 1A
UAT-B
1 WORKING INCOMER OF 6.6KV USECTION 1B
2 STAND 1BY INCOMER (TIE TO ST-B)
3 BUSBAR PT
4 U-1 LV TRANSFORMER 1B
5 U-1 ESP TRANSFORMER 1B
6 IDCT TRANSFORMER 1B
7 ID FAN 1B
8 PA FAN 1B
9 CW PUMP 1B
10 CONDENSATE PUMP 1B
11 FD FAN 1B
12 6.6 kV Intake Pump House 1A
13 LIGHTING TRANSFORMER
14 TDBFBP 1B
15 MILL 1 D
16 MILL 1E
17 MILL 1F
18 UAT-1B SPARE-2
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork
Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise
GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam
177 August 2019
SNO. Description Rating
415 V UNIT Aux.Section in MPB(LOC: 6.3 M TG building)
PCC#A (2500KVA dry type transformer 6.6 KV/0.433 KV)
1 Emergency MCC power#A
2 Sealing air Fan#A 185 Kw
3 Vacuum pump#A 110 Kw
4 UPS #1 power supply 240 KVA
5 Condensate water Transportation pump#A 90 KW
6 BA slurry pump#A 110 Kw
7 Turbine MCC#A 255KW
8 Boiler MCC#A 329KW
9 Chemical MCC#A 52Kw
10 Boiler Motor Drive valve power supply panel 70Kw
11 In-line pump#A 75 Kw
12 Power for lighting & maintenance of switch cabinet#A 20 Kw
13 Switch cabinet Power#A 10Kw
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork
Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise
GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam
187 August 2019

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HT and LT SWITCHGEAR

  • 1. GMR Institute of Technology An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to JNTUK Kakinada. Full semester Internship 1st Presentation Dept. Of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
  • 2. DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam 7 August 2019 Title FULL SEMESTER INTERNSHIP TRAINING AT GMR KAMALANGA ENERGY LIMITED Topic: HT and LT SWITCHGEAR PREPARED BY: G Ravindra Kumar (14341A0233) Under the esteemed guidance of Debasis Das and Somanath Patra 2
  • 3. DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam 7 August 2019 Switchgear: It is defined as the apparatus used for Switching, Controlling and Protecting the Electrical Circuits and equipment. In general, Switchgear is used for two purposes • Switching during normal operating conditions for the purpose of Operation and Maintenance. • Switching during Faults and Abnormal conditions and interrupting the fault currents. 3
  • 4. DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam 47 August 2019 Depending on the voltage level, switch gear is classified into 3 types  Low Voltage Switchgear/LT Switchgear (<1KV)  Medium Voltage Switchgear/MV Switchgear (<33KV)  High Voltage Switchgear/HT Switchgear(>33KV) But in heavily polluted areas Indoor Switchgear are preferred even for high voltages Scheme of switchgear bus a) 2 incomers & 1 bus coupler b) Bus coupler can be manual or auto changeover
  • 5. DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam 57 August 2019 Components of Switchgear:  Circuit Breaker  Relay  Current Transformer  Capacitor Voltage Transformer  Terminal Box  Switches  Fuse  Energy Meter
  • 6. DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam 67 August 2019 WHAT IS A CIRCUIT BREAKER? A circuit breaker is an equipment that make or breaks a circuit either manually or automatically under all conditions at no load, full load or short circuit. Operating Principle Two contacts called electrode remains closed under normal operating conditions. When fault occurs on any part of the system, the trip coil of the circuit breaker get energized and contacts are separated The Circuit breaker used are:  Air Circuit Breaker  Vacuum Circuit Breaker  Moulded Case Circuit Breaker
  • 7. DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam 77 August 2019 Vacuum Circuit Breaker Advantages • Compact, reliable and have longer life. • No fire hazards. • No generation of gas during and after operation. • Can interrupt any fault current. • No noise is produced while operating. • Require less power for control operation.
  • 8. DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam 87 August 2019 Vacuum Circuit Breaker Vacuum ChamberInside the Vacuum Circuit Breaker
  • 9. DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam 97 August 2019 Air Circuit Breaker • Circuit breaker shall be three pole, single throw, air break type. • Circuit breakers shall be draw out type, having SERVICE, TEST & ISOLATED positions with indication for each position. • Each breaker shall be provided with an emergency manual trip, mechanical ON- OFF indicator mechanism, charge/discharge indicator. • Mechanical safety interlock shall be provided to prevent the circuit breaker from being racked in or out of the service position when the breaker is closed.
  • 10. DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam 107 August 2019 220V to 24 V converter for Protection Device Spring Charging Handle Plug Connector for Aux Contacts(Fixed & Moveable) Protection relay with Lock out release Mechanical On Off Button CB Position Indicator CB Isolation locking & Tagging Spring Charge Position Indication CB Rack In & Out Handle CB Name Plate Ratting CB Open/Close Indication Air Circuit Breaker
  • 11. DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam 117 August 2019 Molded Case Circuit Breaker:  Molded case circuit breakers (MCCBs) can withstand amperage levels of up to 2,500 amperes.  It’s also used for overload and fault protection, though normally for more energy-intensive systems.  The adjustability of MCCBs make them particularly useful in main electric feeders as more circuits may eventually be added to the system and thus, will possibly require a change in the overall trip settings.  Motor protection is also a common application for MCCBs.
  • 12. DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam 127 August 2019 • Definition:- Relay is a device which detects an abnormal fault condition by constantly measuring the electrical quantities which are different under normal and faulty conditions. Battery Circuit Breaker C.T. Relay Coil Trip Coil Relay operating circuit Tripping circuit Sensing circuit Relay
  • 13. DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam 137 August 2019 Protection Relays Numerical Relays Feeder Protection Transformer Protection Voltage Management Motor Protection Electromechanical Relays CB Fuse failure indication relay CB contact multiplier Relay Classification
  • 14. DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam 147 August 2019 Current Transformers Current Transformers are used as measuring and protecting equipment, that step down the high current to low measurable current. Wound Type Ring Type Window/Bar Type Core Balance Current Transformer is a ring type current transformer, in which three core cable or three single core cables of three phase system passes. This transformer is normally used for earth fault protection for low and medium voltage system.
  • 15. DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam 157 August 2019 SWITCHES The switches shall be TP/TPN heavy duty, air break mechanism operated by a suitable external handle with position indicator. FUSES  The fuses shall be of HRC link type. Visual indication shall be provided to indicate fuse failure.  The motor fuse rating and characteristics shall be suitably chosen so that they do not operate during the starting period of the motor.
  • 16. DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam 167 August 2019 Detail Load upon Individual Unit 6.6 KV Switchgear UAT-A 1 WORKING INCOMER OF 6.6KV UNIT SECTION 1A 2 STAND 3BY INCOMER (TIE TO ST-A) 3 BUSBAR PT 4 VENTILATION TRANSFORMER 5 U-1 LV TRANSFORMER 1A 6 U-1 ESP TRANSFORMER 1A 7 IDCT TRANSFORMER 1A 8 ID FAN 1A 9 PA FAN 1A 10 CW PUMP 1A 11 CONDENSATE PUMP 1A 12 FD FAN 1A 13 UAT-1A SPARE-1 14 TDBFBP 1A 15 MILL 1A 16 MILL 1B 17 MILL 1 C 18 Bucket Wheel Stacker 1 And Reclaimer 1A UAT-B 1 WORKING INCOMER OF 6.6KV USECTION 1B 2 STAND 1BY INCOMER (TIE TO ST-B) 3 BUSBAR PT 4 U-1 LV TRANSFORMER 1B 5 U-1 ESP TRANSFORMER 1B 6 IDCT TRANSFORMER 1B 7 ID FAN 1B 8 PA FAN 1B 9 CW PUMP 1B 10 CONDENSATE PUMP 1B 11 FD FAN 1B 12 6.6 kV Intake Pump House 1A 13 LIGHTING TRANSFORMER 14 TDBFBP 1B 15 MILL 1 D 16 MILL 1E 17 MILL 1F 18 UAT-1B SPARE-2
  • 17. DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam 177 August 2019 SNO. Description Rating 415 V UNIT Aux.Section in MPB(LOC: 6.3 M TG building) PCC#A (2500KVA dry type transformer 6.6 KV/0.433 KV) 1 Emergency MCC power#A 2 Sealing air Fan#A 185 Kw 3 Vacuum pump#A 110 Kw 4 UPS #1 power supply 240 KVA 5 Condensate water Transportation pump#A 90 KW 6 BA slurry pump#A 110 Kw 7 Turbine MCC#A 255KW 8 Boiler MCC#A 329KW 9 Chemical MCC#A 52Kw 10 Boiler Motor Drive valve power supply panel 70Kw 11 In-line pump#A 75 Kw 12 Power for lighting & maintenance of switch cabinet#A 20 Kw 13 Switch cabinet Power#A 10Kw
  • 18. DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork Learning Social Responsibility Respect for IndividualDeliver The Promise GMRInstituteofTechnology,Rajam 187 August 2019