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1. IMMUNODISORDERS
RASHIDA
PRINCIPAL
DCN

3. IMMUNE SYSTEM
• An immune system is a collection of biological processes within an
organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing
pathogens and tumor cells.

4. Immunity
• Immunity is defined as the resistance of an organism to infection,
disease or other unwanted biological invasion.

8. MECHANISM OF INNATE IMMUNITY
• Epithelial surfaces • Skin • GI tract • Respiratory tract • Eyes • Vaginal
tract Chemical secretions • Oils & sweat • Lysozymes • Properdine,
leukins, beta lysine • HCL and bile • Cerumen wax Cellular factors •
Monocytes • Phagocytes • Basophils • Neutrophils • Eosinophil •
Macrophages • Inflammatory reaction • Fever • Interferon • Natural
killer cells • Complement system

9. MECHANISM OF ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
• Defends against specific foreign component.
• Based on principle of self & non-self.
• Mediated by antibodies.

10. two main types lymphocytes:
• Lymphocytes are cells that circulate in your blood that are part of the
immune system.
• T cells and B cells. B cells produce antibody molecules that can latch
on and destroy invading viruses or bacteria.
• T cells are direct fighters of foreign invaders and also produced
cytokines, which are biological substances that help activate other
parts of the immune system.
• One such part is called macrophages. These macrophages act to clean
up the invaders and the dead tissue after an immune response.

11. Antibodies and its types
• Human antibodies are classified into five isotypes (IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA,
and IgE)
• IgG is the most abundant antibody isotype in the blood (plasma),
accounting for 70-75% of human immunoglobulins (antibodies).

14. Immune system disorder
• An immune system disorder is a dysfunction of the immune system.
These disorders can be characterized By
• The components of immune system affected.
• By whether the immune system is overactive or underactive.
• By whether the condition is congenital or acquired.

16. Hypersensitivity
• Hypersensitivity (Immunological reaction) refers to undesirable
immune reactions produced by the normal immune system.
Hypersensitivity reactions: When an immune response result in
exaggerated
OR
• in appropriate reactions harmful to the host the term
hypersensitivity OR allergy used.
• Hypersensitivity reactions: four types; based on the mechanisms
involved and time taken for the reaction, a particular clinical
condition (disease) may involve more than one type of reaction.

19. Type 1
• Type I (Immediate) Hypersensitivity
• Commonly called allergy ,mediated by IgE antibodies produced by
plasma cells in response to stimulation of Th2 cells by an antigens.
• The antigens that stimulate it are called allergens (i.e. House dust,
Pollens, Cosmetics, Insects, Clothing and Drug)
• Exposure may be ingested, inhalation, injection or direct contact.
Type I hypersensitivity reactions can be systemic (e.g., systemic
anaphylaxis) or localized to a specific target tissue or organ (e.g.,
allergic rhinitis, asthma).

20. type II (Cytotoxic)
• Hypersensitivity
• Cytotoxic
• Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG or IgM antibody-mediated
• IgM or IgG immunoglobulin react with cell-surface antigens to
activate the complements system and produce direct damage of the
sell surface.
• Transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the newborn are
examples of type II hypersensitivity.