This document discusses different modes of transportation. It describes the three main modes as land, water, and air transportation. Land transportation includes highways/roads and railways. Water transportation refers to cargo shipping on bodies of water, which accounts for 90% of international trade. Air transportation is the fastest growing mode and allows for unlimited routes, with airplanes increasingly used for domestic and international trade. The document also outlines other modes like micro mobility, pipelines, cable transport, and space transport. It concludes by listing the typical components that make up each transportation mode, such as infrastructure, vehicles, workforce, and operations.

1. DEPARTMENT OF
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Highway Planning and Alignment
Different Modes of Transportation
PART : 1
Er. Ramprasad Kumawat
M.Tech

2. Highway Planning and Alignment
 Different modes of Transportation –
 Historical Development of road construction-
 Highway Development in India –
 Classification of roads- Road pattern–
 Highway planning in India-
 Highway alignment –
 Engineering Surveys for alignment –
 Highway Project-
 Important Transport/Highway related agencies
in India. PMGSY project.
 Introduction about IRC, NRRDA

3. Different modes of Transportation
 The THREE main modes of
Transportation :
 (1) LAND Transportation :
(a) Highway (Road)
(b) Railway
 (2) WATER Transportation
 (3) AIR Transportation

4. 1. (a) Road Transportation
 The first, and most common mode of
transportation in logistics, is road.
 From walking to horses to wagons to bikes to
cars to trucks, road transportation has been
around longer than mode and is utilized the
most of any mode in logistics.
 With the continued improvement of vehicles
and road infrastructure, transportation by road
is the most versatile of the four main modes
with the least geographical constraints.

6. (b) Rail Transportation
 Rail transport is confined to a more limited
infrastructure than road transport.
 As a defining trait, locomotives (trains,
monorails, etc.) are confined to a traced path
going between point A and B with very few
points of divergence.
 Railways are costly and time consuming to
construct and only a few new railways have
been constructed since the early 1900’s.

8. (2) WATER Transportation
 Shipping by water has been practiced for
thousands of years and remains pivotal to
today’s global trade.
 90% of all international trade is
accomplished through maritime
transportation.
 Cargo ships travel on almost every major
body of water and have capacity to transport
the highest volume of freight of any mode of
transportation at the lowest cost.

10. 3. Air Transportation
 The newest mode of transportation is air.
Airplanes are becoming increasingly important
in domestic and international trade.
 With continually improving technologies and
practically unlimited route possibilities, air
transportation is the fastest growing and most
time efficient shipping mode.
 Consequently, many companies, such as
Amazon and UPS, have purchased their own
fleets of airplanes to gain a competitive edge
in the growing market.

12. Other modes
 Micro mobility is the collective name for
small electric powered vehicles.

13.  Pipeline transport sends goods through a
pipe, most commonly liquid and gases are
sent, but pneumatic tubes can also send
solid capsules using compressed air.
 For example liquids/gases, any chemically
stable liquid or gas can be sent through a
pipeline.
 Short-distance systems exist for sewage,
slurry water and beer, while long-distance
networks are used for petroleum and natural
gas.

15.  Cable transport is a broad mode where
vehicles are pulled by cables instead of an
internal power source.
 It is most commonly used at steep gradient.
 Typical solutions include aerial
tramway, elevators, escalator and ski lifts;
some of these are also categorized
as conveyor transport.

17.  Space transport is transport out of Earth's
atmosphere into outer space by means of
a spacecraft.
 While large amounts of research have gone
into technology, it is rarely used except to
put satellites into orbit, and conduct
scientific experiments.
 However, Man has landed on the moon, and
probes have been sent to all the planets of
the Solar System.

19.  Unmanned aerial vehicle transport (drone
transport) is being used for medicine
transportation in least developed countries
with inadequate infrastructure by an
american based start-up Zipline.
 Amazon.com and other transportation
companies are currently testing the use of
unmanned aerial vehicles in parcel delivery.
 This method will allow short-range small-
parcel delivery in a short time frame.

21. Components of a mode of
transport
 A transport mode is a combination of the following:
 Transportation
infrastructure: thoroughfares, networks, hubs (station
s, bus terminals, airport terminals), etc.
 Vehicles and containers: motor
vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, trucks, wagons, t
rains, ships, and aircraft
 A stationary or mobile workforce
 Propulsion system and power supply (traction)
 Operations: driving, management, traffic
signals, railway signaling, air traffic control, etc.

22.  THANKS!
 Gmail: ramkumawat001@gmail.com
 PART : 2