The document discusses biosensors and bioplastics. It defines a biosensor as a device that combines a biological component with a physical sensor to detect analytes. The first biosensor was invented in 1950. It describes several types of biosensors including electrochemical, physical, calorimetric, amperometric, and optical biosensors. Bioplastics are defined as biodegradable plastics derived from renewable sources that can reduce plastic waste. The first bioplastic was discovered in 1926. Common sources of bioplastics include corn, potatoes and soybeans. Types include starch-based, cellulose-based and protein-based bioplastics. The document outlines several applications and advantages of biosensors and bioplastics

1. Introduction

2. Agenda
● Biosensors
● Bioplastic

3. Biosensors

4. Biosensors
A Biosensors is an analytical device, used
for the detection of an analyte, that
combines a biological component with a
physical chemistry doctor

5. Ref : https://www.surfix.nl/applications/biosensors

6. Father of Biosensor
The first biosensor
was invented in the
year 1950 by
American biochemist
“L.L Clark”.
Professor Leland C Clark Jnr
1918 - 2005

7. Type of Biosensor
1. Electrochemical Biosensor
2. Physical Biosensor
3. Calorimetric Biosensor
4. Amperometric Biosensor
5. Optical Biosensor

8. Electrochemical Biosensor
the electrochemical biosensor is based on the reaction of
enzymatic catalysis that consumes or generates electrons.

9. Physical Biosensor
Physical biosensors are the most useful sensors our world.
The general working method behind the intelligence of
hearing, sight, touch is to react on the exterior physical
stimuli, therefore any detecting device that offers reaction
to the physical possessions of the medium was named as a
physical biosensor.

10. Calorimetric Biosensor
Calorimetric Biosensor measure change in temperature
due to either release (exothermic) or absorption
(endothermic) of heat.
Ex:
Temperaton biosensors

11. Amperometric Biosensor
Amperometric Biosensor measure current (flow of
electron) arising during a reaction.
Ex:
Glucose biosensors

12. Optical Biosensor
Optical Biosensor measure light arising from the action of
enzyme luciferase.
Ex: Detection of bacteria

13. Properties of a good biosensor
1. Highly specific for the analyte.
2. It should be low cost, small and easy to use.
3. The essay should be fast, reliable and repeatable.
4. The device should be small and biocompatible.

14. Example of Biosensor
Pregnancy Test: detect the HCG Protein in urine

15. Example of Biosensor
Glucose monitoring device
Monitors the glucose level in the blood

16. Application of use

17. References
1. https://www.news-medical.net/health/Biosensor-
Applications.aspx
2. https://www.slideshare.net/951384/biosensors-33317356
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosensor
4. https://www.elprocus.com/what-is-a-biosensor-types-of-
biosensors-and-applications/

18. Bioplastic

19. Bioplastic
Bioplastics are biodegradable materials that
come from renewable sources and can be used
to reduce the problem of plastic waste that is
suffocating the planet and contaminating the
environment.

20. discovery
The first known bioplastic, polyhydroxybutyrate
(PHB), was discovered in 1926 by a French
researcher, Maurice Lemoigne, from his work with
the bacterium Bacillus megaterium.

21. Natural raw materials for bioplastics
1. Corn
2. Potatoes
3. Wheat
4. Tapioca
5. Beet
6. Cress
7. Oilrape
8. Soyabean

22. Fact
Each year 200 million tons of plastic are consumed on
the planet.
1000 years to decompose.

23. Type of bioplastic
1. Starch-based plastics
2. Cellulose-based plastics
3. Protein-based plastics

24. Starch-based plastics
Thermoplastic starch currently represents the most
widely used bioplastic, constituting about 50 percent of
the bioplastics market. starch bioplastic can be made at
home.
Ex: Bakery,fruit,and vegetable bags.

25. Cellulose-based plastics
1. Cellulose bioplastics are mainly use cellulose with starch
2. Cellulosic fibers added to starches can improve mechanical
properties, permeability to gas, and water resistance due to being
less hydrophilic than starch.
Ex:

26. Protein-based plastics
1. Protein-based Bioplastics can be made from proteins from
different sources. For example, wheat gluten and casein
2. Protein-based Bioplastics Mechanical properties are similar to
petroleum-based plastics.
3. Possible applications include home and garden supplies, toys,
building materials, and industrial packaging.

27. Disadvantages of plastics:
1. Plastic is a nonrenewable resource
2. Produces toxic fumes when it is burnt.
3. It is a recycle process,but it is very costly
4. Low temperature point
5. Plastic are low heat resistant and poor
ductility.

28. Advantages of bioplastics:
1. Bioplastics reduce carbon footprint
2. Reduced use of fossil fuel resources
3. Faster decomposition.
4. Biodegradable plastics can reduce greenhouse gas emission levels.
5. Biodegradable plastics consume less energy during the
manufacturing cycle.

29. Flow chart
https://www.iasipstnpsc.in/bio-plastic/

30. References
1. https://www.activesustainability.com/environment/what-are-bioplastics/
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioplastic
3. https://www.activesustainability.com/environment/what-are-bioplastics/
4. https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/bioplastic
5. https://www.academia.edu/36810220/Bioplastics
6. https://minipakr.com/blogs/news/biodegradable-vs-bioplastics-what-s-the-
difference
7. https://www.britannica.com/technology/bioplastic
8. https://lra.le.ac.uk/bitstream/2381/33021/1/Tariq%20PhD%20thesis%2013-08.pdf

31. Thanks You
@officialrajdeepsingh