Cybercrime is a growing issue in India, facilitated by rapid growth in internet and mobile users. In 2010, 29.9 million Indians fell victim to cybercrime resulting in $4 billion in direct losses. Common cybercrimes in India include phishing, hacking, and intellectual property violations. The Information Technology Act of 2000 and its 2008 amendment aim to address cybercrime and data privacy, but enforcement remains a challenge as only 1,350 cases were reported in 2010, and few result in arrests. Improving reporting and strengthening law enforcement response to cybercrime is needed.

2. Cyber Crime
Cyber crime is unlawful acts wherein the computer is either a tool or a
target or both..
Using a computer to attack other computers.
e.g. Hacking, Virus/Worm attacks, DOS attack etc.
Using a computer as Weapon to commit real world crimes.
e.g. Cyber Terrorism, IPR violations, Credit card frauds, EFT frauds,
Pornography etc

3. The Cost of Cybercrime
In India in 2010:
29.9 million people fell victim to cybercrime
$4 billion in direct financial losses
$3.6 billion in time spent resolving the crime
4 in 5 online adults (80%) have been a victim of cybercrime
17% of adults online have experienced cybercrime on their
mobile phone
20% - 30% of Internet pornography consumption is by
children of ages 12 - 17.
Annual loss = 50 billion.
Source: Norton Cybercrime Report 2011

4. Why India?
A rapidly growing online user base
– 121 million internet users
– 65 million active internet users, up 28%
from 51 million in 2010
– 50 million users shop online on
ecommerce and online shopping sites
– 46+ million social network users
– 346 million mobile users had subscribed
to data packages
Source: IAMAI; Juxt; wearesocial 2011

5. • The majority of cybercrimes are centered on forgery, fraud and
phishing
• India is the third-most targeted country for phishing attacks
after the US and the UK
• Social networks as well as ecommerce sites are major targets
• 6.9 million bot-infected systems in 2010
• 14,348 website defacements in 2010
• Defaced in 2011
• 15,000 sites hacked in 2011
• India is the number 1 country in the world for generating spam
What kind of cybercrimes?
6,850
4,150

6. Cyber Crime Brief Description Relevant Section
in IT Act
Punishments
Cyber Stalking Stealthily following a person, tracking
his internet chats.
43, 65, 66 3 years, or with
fine up to 2 lakh
Cyber Pornography
including child pornography
Publishing Obscene in Electronic
Form involving children
67, 67 (2) 10 years and with
fine may extends
to 10 lakh
Intellectual Property Crimes Source Code Tampering, piracy,
copyright infringement etc.
65 3 years, or with
fine up to 2 lakh
Cyber Terrorism Protection against cyber terrorism 69 Imprisonment for
a term, may
extend to 7 years
Cyber Hacking Destruction, deletion, alteration, etc in
a computer resources
66 3 years, or with
fine up to 2 lakh
Phishing Bank Financial Frauds in Electronic
Banking
43, 65, 66 3 years, or with
fine up to 2 lakh
Privacy Unauthorised access to computer 43, 66, 67, 69, 72

7. • Unauthorized access & Hacking
• Trojan Attack, Virus and Worm attack
• E-mail & IRC related crimes
1. Email spoofing
2. Email Spamming
3. Sending malicious codes through email
4. Email bombing
5. Sending threatening emails
6. Defamatory emails
7. Email frauds
8. IRC related
• Three main ways to attack IRC are: Attacks, Clone Attacks, and Flood
Attacks.
• Denial of Service attacks
• Telecom Fraud (Phreaking)
• CD/DVD Cloning

8. Cyber law is a term used to describe the legal issues
related to use of communications technology, particularly
"cyberspace", i.e. the Internet.
.
CYBER LAW

9. Cyber Law in India
Information Technology Act 2000- Preface Stating
Objectives
“To provide legal recognition for transactions carried out by means
of electronic data interchange and other means of electronic
communication, commonly referred to as "electronic commerce",
which involve the use of alternatives to paper-based methods of
communication and storage of information, to facilitate electronic
filing of documents with the Government agencies and further to
amend the :-
Indian Penal Code 1860.
Indian Evidence Act, 1872
Bankers' Books Evidence Act, 1891
Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934

10. Information Technology Act, 2000
The Information Technology Act, 2000, was made effective from 17
October 2000.
The Act essentially deals with the following issues:
• Legal Recognition of Electronic Documents
• Legal Recognition of Digital Signatures
• Offenses and Contraventions
• Justice Dispensation Systems for cyber crimes.
• Retention of electronic record
•Authentication of electronic records

11. • The Amendment was created to address
issues that the original bill failed to cover
• The original Act was developed to promote
the IT industry, regulate e-commerce, facilitate
e-governance and prevent cybercrime
• The Act has provided Indian government with
the power of surveillance, monitoring and
blocking data traffic
Information Technology Amendment
Act 2008

12. Information Technology Amendment
Act 2008
This Amendment Act was made effective from 27 October 2009.
passed in – 2008 & propsed in 2006.
Some of the notable features of the ITAA are as follows:
• Focussing on data privacy
• Focussing on Information Security
• Defining cyber cafe
• Making digital signature technology neutral
• Redefining the role of intermediaries
• Recognising the role of Indian Computer Emergency Response Team
• Inclusion of cyber crimes like child pornography and cyber terrorism
• authorizing an Inspector to investigate cyber offences (as against the
DSP earlier)

13. What should government tackle?
• The police have recorded 3,038 cases but
made only 2,700 arrests in 3 years
(between 2007 and 2010)
• India registered only 1,350 cases under the
IT Act and IPC in 2010
• 50% of cybercrimes are not even reported
• Why are so few cases are reported and
does that mean the legislation is
inadequate?

14. Some Cases
• Cubby, Inc v. CompuServe, Inc. - allegedly defamatory statements
• State Bank of India vs. Rizvi Exports Ltd – Evidence printout of
accounts
• Ritu Kohli Case - cyber stalking
• State of Maharashtra v/s Anand Ashok Khare - online obscenity
• State v/s Amit Prasad - India's first case of hacking registered under
Section 66
• Arif Azim case - mis-use of credit cards numbers by a
Call Centre employee
• The Arzika case- Pornography and obscene electronic

15. Arrests & Reports under IT Act
• Under the IT Act, 966 cybercrime cases were filed in 2010
420 in 2009)
• Geographic breakdown of cases reported:
– 153 from Karnataka,
– 148 from Kerala
– 142 from Maharashtra
– 105 Andhra Pradesh
– 52 Rajasthan
– 52 Punjab
• 233 persons were arrested in 2010
• 33% of the cases registered were related to Cracking (hacking)
Source: National Crime Records Bureau

16. Arrests & Reports under IPC
• Under the IPC, 356 cybercrime cases were registered in 2010 (276
cases in 2009)
• Geographic breakdown of cases reported
– 104 from Maharashtra
– 66 Andhra Pradesh
– 46 Chhattisgarh
The majority of these crimes were either
forgery or fraud cases.
Source: National Crime Records Bureau