TYPES OF POLITICS IN PAKISTAN Kinds of Monarchy Democracy Types of Democracy Democratic Voting System Multi-party System & Political Tolerance Disadvantages of Democracy Dictatorship Head of the cabinet National Assembly

1. POLITICALSCENARIO
INPAKISTAN
SUBMITTED TO : DR.MEHWISH BATOOL

2. INTRODUCTION AND
IMPORTANCE OF
POLITICS.

3. Aristotle
 The word is derived from the Greek
word politiko that means affair of a
state.
 The word “politics” is derived from
the word “poly” meaning “many”
and the word “ticks” meaning
“bloodsucking parasites”.
(Larry Hardiman in Planet Dexter’s Book) 3
Man is a political
animal.

4. INTRODUCTION OF POLITICS
4
 The process by which individual interests are reconciled with
collective action and the provision of public goods.
 Politics involves making common decision for a group of people.
 Politics is a study of who gets what, when, and how?
(Harold Lasswell)

5. In the face of
diversity.In the context
of complexity.
Third Second First
Politicsarises…..Because
5
The need to
make
decisions.

6. 6
The one, by removing its causes; the
other, by controlling its effects….The
inference to which we are brought is, that
the causes of faction cannot be removed,
and that relief is only to be sought in the
means of controlling its effects.
James Madison
Methods of curing the mischiefs
of faction:

7. IMPORTANCE
7
 It ensures that human beings are governed
in such ways that there is orderliness and
development in society.
 It is about the distribution of resources –
the benefits and the burdens in the society.
 It ensures that human, natural and
economic resources are controlled by few
people who are versed in the acts of
management, on behalf of the generality of
the people.
 In order to take care of all human interests.

8. Characteristics
8
1. Discerning the Good
2. “The Master Art”
3. Diversity
4. Pluralism
5. Dialectic
6. Awareness
7. Pragmatism

9. 9
1) Discerning the Good:
What makes mankind political is our ability to discern the good,
and to collectively strive for it.
2)“The Master Art”:
Politics is “the master art” because it takes all other skills and arts
within a society and welds them into a coherent whole.
3) Diversity:
Diversity, at least in the sense of heterogeneity is a necessary precondition for
politics, along with dialectic: the possibility for resolving tension arising from difference by
using individual or collective discernment of the good.

10. 10
4) Pluralism:
Pluralism is diversity-plus! Diversity is difference, and pluralism is recognizing strength in difference.
The point about pluralism is that it requires flexibility. It requires the ability to step outside our own skins and inhabit
others’ space.
5) Dialectic:
Dialectic is the resolution of difference. It takes two positions which are in tension (thesis and antithesis)
and finds a third position (synthesis) which resolves the tension. Politics is the governing element of society because it is
capable of resolving tensions between different groups and moving the whole society in a particular direction.
6) Awareness:
Good politics involves awareness of the larger, ‘macro’ dimension of our activities. It is lifting up our
heads from the particular tasks we are engaged in to see the bigger picture.
7) Pragmatism:
An important truth about the pragmatic nature of politics is captured in the saying “politics is the
art of the possible”. Politics is ultimately practical: it is about implementing solutions.

11. 11
PoliticalSystem:
 A political system is a system of politics
and government.
 A political system is a complete set of
institutions, interest groups (such as
political parties, trade unions, lobby
groups), the relationships between those
institutions and the political norms and
rules that govern their functions
(constitution, election law etc.).

12. 12
TYPES OF POLITICS
IN PAKISTAN

13. 13
TYPES OF POLITICS
6: Democracy
7:Dictatorship
5:Monarchy
1:Anarchism 2:Republic
3:Theocrasy 4:Totaliarian

14. 14
1:Anarchism
 Self governed societies.
 Voluntary Institution.
 Also called as Stateless societies.
 Anarchism holds the state to be undesirable ,
unnecessary and harmful.

15. 15
2: REPUBLIC
 The term republic indicates that country has an elected head.
 Generally like Democracy.
 For example: USA , France and Islamic republic of Iran.
Definition

16. Features of Republic
 In the republican form of the Government, the
political sovereignty is vested in the people and not
in the single individual like King.
 All the public offices are open to every citizen
without any discrimination.
INDIA IS A REPUBLIC
COUNTRY

17. 3: Theocracy
Definition
God or deity is recognized as the King.
His laws are the laws of the Kingdom.
For Example: Vatican city, Iran, Saudi
Arabia , Tibetan administration ,
Pakistan.

18. 18
Features of Theocracy
Government seek guidance
from higher powers to cover
all aspects of life including
laws, education and marriage.

19. 4: Totalitarian
Definition &
Features
State recognizes no limits to limits to its authority.
Regulate every aspect of public and private life.
No respect of human rights.
Attempts to control all aspects of the social life, including the
economy, education art science ,private life and moral of citizens.
For Example : The Nazi Germany, USSR under Joseph, Chine
under Mao Zedong.

20. 5: Monarchy
Definition
 In a monarchy, a ruler is not usually chosen by the
voice of the people or their representatives.
 Often a monarch is the head of state until he or
she abdicates or until death.
 In many cases a monarch is the final word in
government.
 But there are also elective monarchies where
monarch are elect.

21. Kinds of Monarchy
Constitutional Monarchy
UK has constitutional
Monarchy

22. Absolute Monarchy
King of Saudi Arabia is absolute
Monarch.
Monarchs of Cambodia, Japan,
Malaysia “reign but do not
rule”.
King of Malaysia
King of Saudi
Arabia
King of Cambodia

23. 23
5:Democracy
Definition
The word derived from Greek
words
Demos Cratos
The people To rule
 A system of
Government by the
whole population.
 All the eligible
members of state ,
typically through
elective
representatives.
 Control of an
organization or group
by the majority of its
members.

24. Types of Democracy
Direct
Democracy
Representative
Democracy
Each person would have a
direct say in every single
decision that effect the
country
We elect representatives to
represent our interest and to
govern the country.

25. Features of Democracy
Respect for Human
rights
 Right to vote.
 Freedom of speech
and assembly.
 Freedom of
religion.
 Right to equality.

26. 2: Multi party System &
Political Tolerance
 In democracy active opposition
parties monitor and depute the
work done by the ruling party.
 The ruling party is accountable
to the people.

27. 2:Democratic Voting System
All adult
citizens have
the right to
vote.
Elections are
held at
regular
known
intervals.
Elections are
free and fair.
Majority rule.

28. 4: The Rule of Law
All decisions need to be
made in accordance with the
law.
No body is exempt from or
above the law.
Independent courts.
Uphold the rule of law.

29. 5: Democratic Governance
 Should be guided by
Transparency
Efficiency
ResponsivenessAccountability
Effectiveness

30. 6:Citizen Participation
 Successful democracy need
active citizens.
Right to
know.
Children
rights
Transfor
mation.
Strike.

31. Fruits of Successful
Democracy
Dignity
Freedom
Equality
JusticeGreat
Governess
Peace
Account
ability

32. Disadvantages of
Democracy

33. 5:Dictatorship
Definition
 Country is ruled by one person
or political entity.
 Mechanism to ensure that the
entities power remains strong.
 Example: Napoleon in France.
Napoleon Dictator of France

34. Regulate every aspect of life
Comes into existence by force
Generally employ political propaganda to decrease
the influence of alternative governing system.
Arbitrary & irresponsible role of the dictator.
The distinction between the government & state is
absent.
Features of
Dictatorship

35. Advantages of
Dictatorship
Dictators of Pakistan

36. Economic growth of
Pakistan under
different rules.

37. PARLIAMENTARY
POLITICALSYSTEM
PRESIDENTIAL

39. WeDiscuss TwoTypesOfPoliticalSystem
 PARLIAMENTARY
SYSTEM
PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEM

40. Parliamentary
System
Parliamentary government is a
democratic form of government in
which the political party that wins
the most seats in the legislature
(parliament)
during the federal election forms
the government.
40
Definition:

41. Majoritypartychoosesaleadertobethe
PrimeMinister
orchancellor,andotherhigh-rankingmembersof
thepartymakeupthecabinet.
Theminoritypartyformstheopposition,anditsjobistochallengethe
majorityparty.Ifnopartyisabletowinamajorityintheelection,acoalition
governmentwillbeformedwithafewpoliticalpartiescooperatingtogether.
41

42. Presidential
System
Presidential system is a form of
government in which the president is
the chief executive and is elected
directly by the people. In this system
all three branches
 executive
 legislative
 judiciary
42
Definition:

43. Theyareconstitutionallyindependentofeachother,andnobranchcan
dismissordissolveanyother.
ThePresidentisresponsibleforenforcinglaws,thelegislatureformaking
them,andthecourtsforjudging. Eachisgivenspecificpowersto
checkandbalancetheothers.
43

44. 44
Parliamentary
System of
Pakistan
 Prime Minister and cabinet
are the members of
legislature.
 Parliament can enact laws.
 Cabinet is responsible to
the Parliament.
 Pakistan comprises of four
federating units called
provinces.
 Constitution of 1973
provides with the federal
list, provincial list and
concurrent list

45. PRIMEMINISTEROF
PAKISTAN
Imran Ahmed Khan Naizi
45

46. PRIMEMINISTER:
Prime minister enjoys a very
important position in the cabinet
and being an important advisor
of the president, the whole
administrative machinery
revolves around him. He is, on
the one hand, chief of the
administration and on the other
hand, leader of the house.
 As Head of the Cabinet.
 As Leader of the House.
 As a National Leader.
 Link between President
and the Cabinet.

47. HEADOFCABINET:
Prime Minister Is The Head Of
The Cabinet And In This Capacity
He Supervises The Working Of
Different Governmental
Departments And Also
Coordinates Their Activities.

48. LEADEROFTHEHOUSE:
Being the leader of the majority
party in national assembly, the
prime minister is regarded as
leader of the house. In this
capacity he issues important
statements regarding policy
matters, he remains in close
contact with the leader of the
opposition to decide different
matters relating to agenda and
the business of the house.

49. NATIONALLEADER:
Once appointed as prime
minister, a person ceases to be a
mere party leader, he rather
becomes the leader of the
nation. His speeches carry
weight, ideas propagated and
opinion held in esteem. Not only
the national press but
international press also gives full
coverage to his view point.

50. PRESIDENTOFPAKISTAN
MR.PRESIDENT : DR.MUHAMMAD ARIF ALVI
50

51. ThePresident:
Qualification
• He must be a Muslim.
• He must be qualified
to be elected as
member of the
National Assembly.
Election
• The President is
to be elected by
both Houses of
the Parliament
in a joint
session and by
the members of
all the
Provincial
Assemblies.
Tenure
office of the
President is five
years.
Limitations
The President-elect
cannot remain a
member of the
Parliament or that
of a Provincial
Assembly..
Privileges
No criminal case
can be registered in
any court against
the President in
office
51

52. PowersofthePresident:
52

53. 53
National
Assembly:
Lower House of the Parliament is
known as National Assembly.
Duration of National Assembly is
five years.
It was suggested to minimize its
tenure.

54. 54
National Youth Assembly

55. PowersoftheNationalAssembly:
Legislation
…
Control over
the Executive
…
Financial
Control
…
Judicial Powers
…
Amendment in
the Constitution
….
Miscellaneous
Powers
….
55

56. LEGISLATION:
The national assembly is
fully authorized to legislate
on all matters enumerated
in federal and concurrent
lists.
CONTROL OVER THE
EXECUTIVE:
The Prime Minster and all of his ministers are the
members of either House of the Parliament. The
whole Cabinet is accountable to the Parliament
for all executive decrees, actions and policies that
have been made by the President on the advice of
the Prime Minister. The National Assembly can
remove the Cabinet by passing a vote of no-
confidence against it.

57. FINANCIALCONTROL:
The money bills originate in the lower
house, in case of bicameral legislature
and it exercises effective control in
fiscal matters.
Under the present constitutional
system, national assembly wields
effective control over the purse of
nation, as no amount can be spent
without its sanction and no revenue
collected without its authorization.
JUDICIALPOWERS:
Parliament is empowered to
prescribe the number of judges of
the Supreme Court hence it can
bring changes in the organization of
the court. It enjoys also a quasi-
judicial power to impeach the
President, and remove him from
the office on the basis of gross
misconduct or mental or physical
unfitness .

58. AMENDMENTINTHE
CONSTITUTION:
Parliament can amend the constitution.
Accordingly, a bill aiming at
amendment can be initiated in any one
house of the parliament, and after
having been passed by both houses it is
sent for presidential assent.

59. SPEAKERAND
DEPUTYSPEAKER:
The deputy speaker of the national assembly
of pakistan presides over the assembly
whenever the speaker is absent or unable to
perform his or her duties.
The office has its roots in 1947 when the
deputy speaker was addressed as the deputy
president of the legislative assembly
59

60. FUNCTIONS:
60
 The Speaker of the National Assembly presides
over the meetings of the Assembly and is
responsible for the maintenance of law and
order in the House. While performing this
function he enjoys enormous powers. He can
issue warning to a member who defies the
established rules, and even suspend the
proceedings.
 He revolves the issues in the light of the usages
on which there are no explicit rules. The Speaker
also gives his rulings on point of order.
 While presiding over the meetings, the Speaker
effectively controls the deliberations. All the
questions to be asked from the Ministers are to
be addressed to the Speaker and the latter is
fully authorized to reject any of these questions.
 The members take part in the deliberations and
take the floor on the permission by the Speaker.
The latter can order for omission of
unparliamentarily remarks from the
proceedings. He can obstruct any member from
using objectionable language in his speech.
 The Speaker enjoys the executive power to
select any of the amendments proposed by the
members, for submission in the House. He is
also fully authorized to reject or accept any of
the motion.

61. CURRENTDEPUTY
SPEAKEROFPAKISTAN
M. QASIM KHAN SURI
(PTI)
61

62. 62
Senate Of
Pakistan
SENATE OF PAKISTAN

63. SENATE
Senate Has Been Formed For The First Time
Under The Present Constitutional Set-up, As
The Previous Legislatures Under Both The
Defunct Constitutions Of Islamic Republic Of
Pakistan Were Unicameral.
Senate is a permanent Chamber which cannot
be dissolved. Half of its members shall be
replaced after every three years, after having
completed their six years term. Complete
change in the total membership, occurs at no
stage; rather continuity in the membership is
its novel feature.

64. CHAIRMANANDDEPUTY
CHAIRMAN:
Chairman and deputy chairman are elected by
the senate for three years from amongst its
members. In the absence of both the office
bearers, new one shall be elected.
It is to be noted, that both are elected after
every three years at the time of the
reconstitution of the senate.
The functions and powers of the chairman are
similar to the ones performed by the speaker
of national assembly.
If the president of pakistan is unable to
perform his functions due to absence from
the country or any other ground, chairman of
the senate shall work as acting president.
64

65. POWERSOFTHESENATE
LEGISLATIVE POWERS
FINANCIAL LEGISLATION
CONTROL OVER THE EXECUTIVE
JUDICIAL POWERS

66. POLITICAL
STRUCTURE
ANDHISTORYOF
POLITICS
1947 - 2019
66

67. FirstGovernorGeneralOf Pakistan
Quaid–e-AzamMuhammadAliJinnah1947 to 1948
67
560 (HINDUSTANI
RAYASTAIN)
TWO MONTHS
LATTER ; INDIA
WAR AGAINST
KASHMIR
MAHARAJA HARI SING
SIRINAGAR TO DELHI
SIGN THE AGREEMENT
OF KASHMIR

68. GENERAL GRACEY
SIGNED
DOCUMENT
KASHMIR
The biggest political issue
68

69. DeathofMuhammadAliJinnah
6911-sep-1948

70. SecondGovernor
General ofPakistan
70
KHAWAJA NAZIMUDDIN
1948

71. FIRSTPRIMEMINISTER
OFPAKISTAN
LAYAQAT ALI KHAN
1948 - 1951

72. TENURE:
(Liaquatalikhan 1948-1951)
72
BIGDICISION MajorGeneralAkbarKhan DeathofLiaquatAliKhan

74. Bureaucrats
East Pakistan
Bangladeshi language
Martial Law
Lahore
Tenure:(MalikGhulamMuhammad)
74
1951 - 1955
Minister of Finance

75. THIRDPRIMEMINISTER
75
MuhammadAliBogra (7-April-1953)

76. Reason
In constitution
governor has less
power
Resolve
constituent
assembly
General
Muhammad
Ayub Khan
Minister of
Defense
76
1954

77. 1955
77
Askander Mirza was an East
Pakistani bureaucrat and
Pakistan army officer who
served as the first President of
Pakistan,

78. TENURE:1955-1958
6-SEPTEMBER-1955
78

79. 5PRIMEMINISTER
IN3YEARS
 MUHAMMAD ALI BOGRA (1955)
 CHAUDHRY MUHAMMAD
ALI(1955-1956)
 HUSNAIN SHAHEED
SUHERWARDI(1956-1957)
 IBRAHIM ISMAIL
CHANDRIGHR(1957)
 MALIK FEROZ KHAN NOON(1957-
1958)

81. General Ayub
Retired
Askander mirza
have no confidence
to win
1956constitution:
81
Election

82. FIRSTMARTIALLAW
BY ASKANDER MIRZA AND GENERAL
AYUB KHAN

83. 83
Chiefofmartiallaw
General Ayyub Khan

84. TENURE:1958-1969
AYYUB KHAN
84

85. Opposite Fatima
Jinnah
General Ayyub
win
President of
Pakistan
1965Elections
85

86. ZULFIQARALI
BHUTTO(MINISTOROF
FOREIGNAFFAIRS)
ESTABLISHMENT OF PPP (1967)

87. GENERALYAHYA
KHAN
1969
PRESIDENT OF PAKISTAN
CHIEF MARTIAL LAW ADMINISTRATOR
CHIEF OF ARMY STAFF 87

88. GENERAL
ELECTION
DECEMBER1970
SHEIKH MUJEEB O REHMAN WEST
PAKISTAN 160 SEATS
ZULFIKAR ALI BHUTTO EAST PAKISTAN
81 SEATS
88

89. TENURE:
1971-1977
ZULFIQAR ALI BHUTTO
 Constitution on 1973
 Power of president
 Bhutto was
a Pakistani barrister and
politician who served as the 9th
 Prime minister of Pakistan from
1973 to 1977, and prior to that
as the 4th President of
Pakistan from 1971 to 1973. He
was also the founder of
the Pakistan People's Party (PPP)
and served as its chairman until
his execution in 1979

90. GENERALZIAULHAQ
5JULY-1977
WAS A MILITARY DICTATOR WHO
BECAME THE 5TH PRESIDENT OF
PAKISTAN AFTER DECLARING MARTIAL
LAW IN 1977. HE SERVED AS THE HEAD
OF STATE FROM1978 UNTIL HIS
DEATH IN 1988. HE REMAINS THE
COUNTRY’S LONGEST-SERVING DE
FACTO HEAD OF STATE.
MARTIALLAW
17-august-1988

91. MUHAMMAD
KHANJUNEJO
GENERAL ZIA LIFTED MARTIAL LAW IN
1985, HOLDING PARTY-LESS ELECTIONS
AND HANDPICKING MUHAMMAD
KHAN JUNEJO TO BE THE PRIME
MINISTER OF PAKISTAN

92. 1988FIRST
WOMENPRIME
MINISTER
GENERAL ELECTION

93. PRESIDENT ISHAQ
KHAN1990
DISSOLVE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
DISMISS BHUTTO GOVERNMENT ON
CORRUPTION
93

94. 1990NAWAZ
SHARIF
PRIME MINISTER
1993 NAWAZ GOVERNMENT
DISMISSED

98. COMPARISONOFPOLITICALSYSTEMS
PAK VS USA, CHINA, INDIA
REHAN ULLAH
17137014

99. USAPOLITICAL
SYSTEM
 Federal democracy
 Presidential system
 President is the head of executive
body
 First intraparty polls take place to
elect a presidential candidate of
each party
 Public elect president indirectly
 In general elections, public elect
electors.
 There are a total of 538 electors as
of now

100. USAPOLITICALSYSTEM--CONTINUES
 The electors then vote for
president
 The candidate with 270 or
more electoral votes is
elected as president of the
united states
 US has a bicameral system
with an upper senate and a
lower house of
representatives
 Senators are elected for six
years while representatives
for two years
 USA has capitalism as
political-economical system

101. CHINAPOLITICALSYSTEM
o Socialist republic system
o Uni-party system
o Communist party of china
o Only local level people’s congresses
are elected directly
o These county level congresses elect
provincial level congresses
o Provincial level classes elect
national people’s congress
o President is not legally allowed to
take executive action on its own but
has to acquire consent of national
people’s congress.

102. CHINAPOLITICAL
SYSTEM --
CONTINUED
 Socialism as political-
economic system

103. INDIA’SPOLITICALSYSTEM
 Pakistan India have almost same
political system
 India is federal democratic
republic
 Largest democracy with largest
written constitution
 Bicameral system
 Upper house called rajhya saba
 Lower house call lok sabha
 General elections are hold for
lok sabha
 Lok sabha members elect the
prime minister of country

104. WHICHSYSTEMISBETTER?
GOVERNANCE VS INDIVIDUAL
AUTONOMY

105. WHICHSYSTEM ISBETTER?
Empirialism(monarchy) VS khalafat VS
democracy

106. WHICHSYSTEM ISBETTER?
IS DEMOCRACY REALLY THE BEST?
َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ون‬ُ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ِين‬‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫و‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ي‬ ْ‫ل‬َ‫ه‬ ‫قل‬ُ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫َل‬ َ‫ِين‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ َ‫ون‬ُ‫ر‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬
ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ل‬َ ْ‫اْل‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ل‬ْ‫و‬ُ‫أ‬
‫گريز‬‫شو‬ ‫کاری‬ ‫پختہ‬ ِ‫غالم‬ ،‫جمہوری‬ ِ‫طرز‬ ‫از‬
‫نمی‬ ‫انسانی‬ ِ‫ل‬‫عق‬ ‫خر‬ ‫صد‬ ‫دو‬ ِ‫مغز‬ ‫از‬ ‫کہ‬‫آيد‬
JUMHOORIAT EK TARZ-E-HUKUMAT HAI KE
JIS MEIN
BANDON KO GINA KARTE HAIN, TOLA
NAHIN KARTE

107. WHICHSYSTEM ISBETTERTHEN?
Weighted Democratic Political
System

108. CONCLUSION
AFRASIAB AHMAD
17137019

109. POLITICALSYSTEM:
The Set Of Formal
Legal Institutions
That Constitute A
Government
109

110. Monarchy:
A monarchy is a
government
controlled by a king or
queen.
.
Authoritarianism:
In authoritarian
governments, the people
have no power or
representation. The elite
leaders handle all
economic, military, and
foreign relations.
.
Democracy:
A democracy is a form
of government in
which the citizens
create and vote for
laws directly, or
indirectly via
representatives.
.
Types of politicalSystem:
110
.

111. PAKISTAN POLITICALSYSTEM:
Pakistan Is A Federal System.
It Is A Bicameral System.
National Assembly
Senate(Aiwān-e-Bālā)

112. NATIONALASSEMBLY:
People Vote And Select
Members Of National Assembly .
National Assembly Is The Lower
House. The National Assembly Is
A Democratically Elected Body
Consisting Of A Total Of 336
Members, Before 25th
Amendment They Used To Be
342' Who Are Referred To As
Members Of The National
Assembly (Mn as), Of Which 272
Are Directly Elected Members
And 70 Reserved Seats For
Women And Religious
Minorities.

113. SENATE(AIWĀN-E-BĀLĀ ):
The member of National
Assembly select senate and form
government and has 104
senators elected indirectly by
members of provincial
assemblies for six-year terms. .
Senate is the upper house

114. GOVERNMENT
AND
OPPOSITION:
Example Now A Days
Government Is PTI And
Opposition Are Other
Parties Like PML (N)
And Other Parties.
114

115. Governmentconsistsof threebranches:
 LEGISLATIVE
 EXECUTIVE
 JUDICIAL:
 Supreme Court
 High Court
 Session court
 District court

116. 116