The document summarizes information from four National Family Health Surveys conducted in India. The surveys collected data on population health, nutrition, and other indicators. NFHS-1 was conducted from 1992-1993, NFHS-2 from 1998-1999, and NFHS-3 from 2005-2006. NFHS-4 will cover all states and union territories for the first time at the district level. The surveys aim to provide essential data for health policy and emerging issues.
1. NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY
The First National Family Health Survey (NFHS-1) was conducted in 1992-93. The
survey collected extensive information on population, health, and nutrition, with
an emphasis on women and young children.
The Second National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2) was conducted in 1998-99 in all
26 states of India with added features on the quality of health and family planning
services, domestic violence, reproductive health, anemia, the nutrition of women,
and the status of women.
The Third National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) was carried out in 2005-2006.
Eighteen Research Organizations including five Population Research Centers carried
out the survey in 29 states of India.
the 29 states NFHS-4 will also include all six union territories for the first time and
will also provide estimates of most indicators at the district level for all 640
districts in the country as per the 2011 census. NFHS-4 sample size is expected to
be approximately 568,200 households, up from about 109,000 households in NFHS-
3.
2. INTRODUCTION
The National Family Health Survey (NFHS) is a large-
scale, multi-round survey conducted in a
representative sample of households throughout India.
Three rounds of the survey have been conducted since
the first survey in 1992-93. The survey provides state
and national information for India on fertility, infant
and child mortality, the practice of family planning,
maternal and child health, reproductive health,
nutrition, anemia, utilization and quality of health and
family planning services.
3. GOAL / AIM
Each successive round of the NFHS has had two specific
goals:
a) to provide essential data on health and family
welfare needed by the Ministry of Health and Family
Welfare and other agencies for policy and programme
purposes, and
b) to provide information on important emerging
health and family welfare issues.
4. TO CONT…
NFHS- will provide updates and evidence of trends in key population,
health and nutrition indicators, including HIV prevalence. Moreover,
the survey will cover a range of health-related issues, including
fertility, infant and child mortality, maternal and child health,
perinatal mortality, adolescent reproductive health, high-risk sexual
behaviour, safe injections, tuberculosis, and malaria, non-
communicable diseases, domestic violence, HIV knowledge, and
attitudes toward people living with HIV.
5. CENSUS
"A population census is a total process of collecting, compiling,
evaluating, analyzing and publishing demographic, economic
and social data pertaining at a specified time to all persons in
the country or in a well delimited territory of the country".
Census simply means the counting of people of a certain area
at a certain time. It is the main source of demographic data. It
is conducted by the government to know the overall population
of the country. In the census, the population of the certain
area is recorded based on age, sex, caste, religion etc. It is
usually carried out in every 10 to 5 years
6. DEMOGRAPHY
Demography is the science of population. It is the statistical
study of population. The word 'Demography' is derived from the
two Greek words 'Demos' and 'Graphy'. The word Demos means
people and Graphy mean to write or to study.
The word 'Demography' was first used by Achille Guillard in 1855
AD in his book "Elements of human statistics or comparative
demography". He is known as the father of Demography.
Formal Demography
Socail demography
7. Sources of Population Data
Primary Sources
Census
Vital registration system
Administrative records
Sample surveys
Population register
8. The United Nations lists four essential
features of a census
Each individual is enumerated separately; the characteristics of
each person within the household are recorded separately.
The census covers a precisely defined territory and includes every
person present or residing within its scope. The housing census
should include every type of building and living quarters.
Each person and each type of building and living quarters is
enumerated with respect to a well defined point of time.
The census is taken at regular defined intervals, usually every 10
years.
In most countries, people are counted in their place of usual
residence.
9. Methods of census
De facto method:
In this method, the census is conducted on the basis of
usual place of residence. During this method, the
government declares the actual date as 'census date' and
the people are pre-informed of counting. People are
counted where they are found. This method is also
known as 'one night enumeration' as it is conducted in
the night. This method is used mostly in urban areas
where highly educated people live.
10. To cont…
De jure method:
In this method, the census is conducted on the basis of the
permanent address of people. The people or foreigner
living in a temporary residence are not calculated. The
government declares the census period (2 to 3 weeks). The
population counting should be completed within the given
period. This method is also known as period enumeration.
This method is used in many developing countries.
11. To cont…
Modified De- jure method:
This is the modified form method of De Jure method. It is an
alternative and more practicable approach over the De jure
and De facto census technique. Here, the people are counted
on the basis of their usual place of residence (the residence
where the respondents are living for more than six months is
perceived as a usual place of residence). This method is used
in most of the countries. The method of census used in Nepal
is modified De- jure method. Nepal is using this method since
1952/54 AD. In this method students in hostels, Armed forces
in barracks as well as beggars, sages, and hermits are also
enumerated.
12. The fundamental purpose of the census
Provide the facts essential to government for policy-making, planning and
administration. •
Decision-making that facilitates the development of socio-economic
policies -enhance the welfare of the population.
Provides important data for the analysis and appraisal of the changing
patterns of rural/urban movement and concentration, the development
of urbanized areas, geographical distribution of the population according
to such variables as occupation and education, as well as the socio-
economic characteristics of the population and the labor force.
Aids in the decision-making processes of the private sector. Population
size and characteristics influence the location of businesses and services
that satisfy the needs of the target population. •
