2. Marketing and Sales System
Marketing consists of individual and organizational
activities that facilitate and expedite satisfying
exchange relationships in a dynamic environment
through creation, distribution, promotion and
pricing of goods, services and ideas.
3. Types of Marketing Information
Three types of marketing information:
Market Intelligence – Information that flows into the firm
from the environment.
Internal Marketing Information – Information that is gathered
within the firm.
Marketing Communications – Information that flows the firm
outward to the environment.
4. Types of Information
Recurrent:
Information required by an organization on day-to-day basis.
E.g.: customer expectations, changing needs and market share
of the product.
Monitoring:
Market related information collected by scanning information
sources on a regular basis.
E.g.: magazines, articles, government reports, annual reports.
Requested:
Information generated in response to explicit request by
marketing department.
E.g.: Competition strategies and market share.
6. Marketing Information System Model (Cont..)
Database
Output Systems
Product Sub System
Pricing Sub System
Distribution Sub System
Promotion Sub System
Internal Record System
Marketing Intelligence Subsystem
Marketing Research Subsystem
7. Marketing Information System Model (Cont..)
Marketing Decision Support Subsystem (MDSS):
A marketing decision support system (MDSS) is coordinated
collection of data systems, tools, and techniques with
supporting software and hardware by which an organization
gathers and interpret relevant information from environment
and turns it into basis for making decisions.
MDSS models are used for:
Data Collection,
Data Analysis,
Interpreting results, and
Supporting managerial decision making
8. Components of MDSS
The Statistical Bank:
It consists of quantitative tools used in marketing decision
making.
It is also known as Operations Research (OR).
The statistical tools used for data analysis includes:
Simple statistical techniques like averages, mode, etc.
Factor Analysis
Input-Output Analysis
9. Components of MDSS
The Model Bank:
This component includes decision support models.
The models are developed by scientists who are known as
Operation Researchers.
Using relevant variables, mathematical operators and some
techniques the new model can be developed as per firms need.
Such models are also called as packages.
Models Include:
Feedback system model
Decision Tree model
Statistical Decision theory
10. Finance and Accounting System
Accounting Information System (AIS) is linked to all
the information systems in an organization.
It is useful to extract important data required for
proper book keeping and generating reports.
Finance and Accounting System are responsible for
following:
Cash
Stocks
Bonds
Investments
Financial liabilities, etc.
11. Importance of Finance and Accounting
Information System
Finance Information System should cater for
information requirement at the following levels:
Strategic Level:
Investment goals, financial performance forecasts, financial
resources and goals
Knowledge Level:
Portfolio updates, market information analysis
Management Level:
Management of investment, budget, tax and performance
evaluation
Operational Level:
Cash flow statements, inventory management, creditors
management
12. Manufacturing/Production/Inventory
Systems
The role of manufacturing information systems is to
support manufacturing operations by providing
relevant and timely information for decision making.
There are various sub-systems of manufacturing
information systems.
13. Sub-systems of manufacturing information
systems
Raw material procurement sub-system
Parameters of raw material procurement
Inventory Sub-System
Production sub system
Maintenance and scheduling sub system
14. Sub-systems of manufacturing information
systems
Quality sub system
Total quality management (TQM)
Costing sub system
Order processing sub system
Management levels in manufacturing information
systems
15. Planning Production/Operations
The major areas of planning and their computerized
support are as follows:
Materials Requirement Planning (MRP)
Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II)
Automated Software
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
Manufacturing Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
16. Materials Requirement Planning (MRP)
Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) software
based production planning and inventory control
system for material procurement and scheduling.
Objectives:
Ensure materials and products are available for production
and delivery to customers.
Maintain the lowest possible level of inventory.
Plan manufacturing activities, delivery schedules and
purchasing activities.
17. Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II)
An expanded version of MRP that integrates finance,
accounting, and human resource.
Functions:
Business planning
Sales and operations planning
Production planning
Benefits:
Strategic planning
Sales and Marketing
Inventory Shortages
Accounting and Finance
18. Computer Aided Design (CAD)
It is a system that enables drawings to be
constructed on a computer screen and subsequently
stored, manipulated and updated electronically.
Used in the field of architecture, electronics,
aerospace, naval and automotive engineering.
19. Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) is a form of
automation where computers communicate work
instructions directly to the manufacturing
machinery.
Techniques:
Computer Aided process planning
Computerized Numerical control (CNC)
Robotics Programming
20. Manufacturing Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
Integrated Computerized Manufacturing system
combining CAD and CAM.
Installed on a local area network linking several
related departments.
Goal: Simplification of all manufacturing
technologies and techniques.
21. Human Resource Information System (HRIS)
Functionality:
Management of all employee information
Company related documents
Benefits administration
Complete integration with payroll
Applicant tracking and resume management
Performance development plans
Disciplinary actions
Training records