The ppt covers- Endocrine Glands Gonads Testes Testosterone Ovary Estrogens Progesterone Relaxin Disorders

2. CONTENT
 Endocrine Glands
 Gonads
1. Testes
o Testosterone
2. Ovary
o Estrogens
o Progesterone
o Relaxin
3. Disorders

3. ENDOCRINE GLANDS
 Definition-Organs that secrete hormones.
 Also called Ductless glands.
HORMONES
 Definition-Are chemical messengers that
regulate the biological processes in
organisms.
 Types(on basis of chemical composition)-
1.Peptide hormones-ex. Insulin
2.Steroid hormones-ex. Testosterone

5. GONADS
TESTES OVARY
•Origin-From embryonic mesoderm.
•Hormones-Besides producing gametes,
they produce sex hormones on the onset of
puberty.
•Function-Develop reproductive organs
and accessory characters.

6. TESTES
 Position-Scrotal sac
 Hormones-Androgens
such as testosterone(95%),
androsterone,
epiandrosterone and
dehydroxyepiandrosterone.
 Secreted by- Leydig’s or
interstitial cells.
 Stimulated by-Luteinising
hormone.

7. TESTOSTERONE
 Nature-Steroid hormone
 Secreted by-testes in males ,ovaries in female
and by adrenal gland in small amount.
 Is the primary male sex hormone.
Functions-
1. Stimulates development of male reproductive
organs and male accessory characters.
2. Stimulates the formation of sperms
(spermatogenesis).

8. REGULATION

9. OVARY
 Position-Lower abdomen
 Hormones-1.Estrogens
such as estrone(produced
during
menopause),estediol(pred
ominant in nonpregnant
females) and estriol(in
pregnancy)
2.Progesterone(Hormones
of pregnancy)
3.Relaxin

10. ESTROGEN
 Nature-Steroid hormone
 Secreted by-Developing Follicles in ovaries,
the placenta.
 Stimulated by-Follicle stimulating
hormones
Functions-
1. Stimulates development of female
reproductive organs and female accessory
characters.
2. Stimulates the formation of ova (oogenesis).

11. PROGESTRONE
 Nature-Steroid hormone
 Secreted by-Corpus luteum and during
pregnancy, by placenta
 Stimulated by-Luteinising hormone
Function-
1. Prepares uterus for implantation.
2. Suspends ovulation during pregnancy.
3. Suppresses maternal immunity to allow
acceptance of pregnancy .
4. Inhibits lactation during pregnancy.

12. RELAXIN
 Nature-Peptide hormone
 Secreted by-Corpus luteum at the end of
the gestation period
Function-Widening of pelvic at time of
birth.

13. REGULATION

14. Disorders
Hypogonadism
(hypo secretion)
Primary
Hypogonadism
Secondary
Hypogonadism
Hyper
secretion
Precocious
Puberty