Spotlight on Analytical Applications e-Zine Environmental Special Edition - Volume 1

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TABLE OF
SPOTLIGHT
ON APPLICATIONS.
FOR A BETTER
TOMORROW.

SPECIAL EDITION – ENVIRONMENTAL
VOLUME 1

CONTENTS
TABLE OF

INTRODUCTION
PerkinElmer Spotlight on Applications e-Zine –
Environmental Special Edition
Welcome to our Spotlight on Applications e-zine. Whether you’ve experienced
Spotlight on Applications in the past or are hearing about it for the first time, we
want to share with you this special edition, dedicated to recent application releases
within Environmental Testing.

Spotlight on Applications is a quarterly e-zine compendium, delivering a variety
of topics that address the pressing issues and analytical challenges you may face
in your application areas today.

This Special Edition features a broad range of applications within Water, Air, and
Soil/Hazardous Waste Testing, which you will be able to access at your convenience.
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CONTENTS
TABLE OF
CONTENTS

Water Testing – Inorganic Contaminants
• The Analysis of Drinking Waters by U.S. EPA Method 200.8 Using the NexION 300X ICP-MS in Standard and Collision Modes
• Benefits of NexION 300 ICP-MS Technology for the Analysis of Power Plant Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastewaters
• Environmental Resource Associates adds a NexION 300Q ICP-MS to its Inorganic Proficiency Testing Process
• NexION 300 ICP-MS at South West Water – Driving Productivity and Increasing the Speed of Analysis
• Analysis of NIST® Gold Nanoparticles Reference Materials Using the NexION 300 ICP-MS in Single Particle Mode
• olorado School of Mines Uses a NexION 300Q ICP-MS to Obtain a Better Understanding of the Environmental Impact
C
of Engineered Nanomaterials
• race Metals in Waters by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, in Accordance with U.S. EPA and Health
T
Canada Requirements
• Determination of Arsenic, Selenium and Mercury in Waters by Hydride Generation/Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

Water Testing – Organic Contaminants
• he Determination of Low Level Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, and Xylenes (BTEX) in Drinking Water by Headspace Trap-GC/MS
T
• mproved Sensitivity and Dynamic Range Using the Clarus SQ 8 GC/MS System for U.S. EPA Method 8270D Semi-Volatile Organic
I
Compound Analysis
• U.S. EPA Method 8260C by Purge and Trap Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry using the Clarus SQ 8 GC/MS
• Determination of Hydrocarbons in Environmental Samples with Spectrum Two
• Methane, Ethylene, and Ethane in Water by Headspace-Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection
• Atrazine in Water by Direct Sample Analysis-TOF MS
• Analysis of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in River Water Samples by UHPLC-TOF
• Personal Care Products in River Water by Direct Sample Analysis-TOF MS
• Carbamates in river water by Direct Sample Analysis-TOF MS

Air Testing
• Ozone Precursor Analysis Using a Thermal Desorption-GC System

Soil Hazardous Waste Testing
• Insecticide on Mosquito Nets by Direct Sample Analysis-TOF MS
• nvironmental Resource Associates adds a NexION 300Q ICP-MS to its Inorganic Proficiency Testing Process
E
• mproved Sensitivity and Dynamic Range Using the Clarus SQ 8 GC/MS System for U.S. EPA Method 8270D Semi-Volatile
I
Organic Compound Analysis
• U.S. EPA Method 8260C by Purge and Trap Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry using the Clarus SQ 8 GC/MS

PerkinElmer

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a p p l i c at i o n n o t e

ICP-Mass Spectrometry

Authors
Inorganic Contaminants

Ewa Pruszkowski, Ph.D.
Senior ICP-MS Application Scientist
Water Testing –

Cynthia P. Bosnak
Senior Product Specialist
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Shelton, CT USA
Organic Contaminants
Water Testing –

The Analysis of Drinking Introduction
Method 200.8 is a well-established method
Waters by U.S. EPA Method promulgated by the U.S. Environmental

200.8 Using the NexION 300X Protection Agency (EPA) for the analysis of
ground waters, surface waters, drinking
ICP-MS in Standard and waters, and wastewaters by inductively
coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Collision Modes The method was first published in 1990
to support the National Primary Drinking
Water Regulations (NPDWR), which specified
maximum contaminant levels (MCL) for 12 primary elemental contaminants in
public water systems as part of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) of 1986.
There have been many iterations of Method 200.8, including the addition
Air Testing

of 9 secondary contaminants under the National Secondary Drinking Water
Regulations (NSDWR). These 21 elements, along with suggested analytical
masses, are shown in Table 1. The version in use today is Revision 5.4 of the
Method, which was approved for drinking water in 1994 and became effective
in January, 1995.3 In addition, Method 200.8 was also recommended in 1992
for the monitoring of wastewaters under the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) permit program to control the discharge of pollutants
into navigable water systems, as part of the amended Clean Water Act (CWA)
of 1977.4 It was approved on a nation-wide basis for this matrix in 2007.
Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing

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CONTENTS
TABLE OF


Authors

Stan Smith

Water Testing –
Ewa Pruszkowski, Ph.D.
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Shelton, CT USA

Benefits of NexION 300

Water Testing –
Introduction
ICP-MS Technology for One of the most widely used technologies
for removing pollutants, such as sulfur
the Analysis of Power Plant dioxide, from flue gas emissions produced

Flue Gas Desulfurization by coal-fired power plants, is the
limestone-forced oxidation scrubbing

Wastewaters system. More commonly known as flue
gas desulfurization (FGD), this process
employs gas scrubbers to spray limestone
slurry over the flue gas to convert gaseous sulfur dioxide to calcium sulfate.1
Unfortunately, many of the contaminants from the coal, limestone and make-up
water are concentrated in the circulating water of the scrubbing system. So in
order to maintain appropriate plant operating conditions, a constant purge stream

Air Testing
of water containing these contaminants has to be discharged from the scrubbers
while fresh limestone slurry is fed in. This purge stream is extremely acidic and
saturated with high concentrations of gypsum, heavy metals, alkali earth metals,
chlorides and dissolved organic compounds. A schematic of a typical FGD process
is shown in Figure 1.

flue gas exhaust
slurry sprayers various treatment procedures

wastewater

Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing

gypsum cake
flue gas inlet
treated effluent
limestone slurry dewatering to discharge
slurry inlet purge vacuum belt
air injection

Figure 1. The flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process.


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Case
Environmental
study
Water Testing –
Water Testing –

Environmental Resource
Associates (ERA) adds Proficiency testing (PT) is defined as a means
a NexION 300Q to its of evaluating a laboratory's performance under
controlled conditions relative to a given set
Inorganic Proficiency of criteria through the analysis of unknown
samples provided by an external source. Many
Testing Process organizations that manage proficiency-testing
studies are also responsible for producing the
certified reference materials (CRMs) and quality
control (QC) standards that support validation of the testing methodology. The charac-
Air Testing

terization and certification of these kinds of materials requires an extremely high level of
analytical expertise, together with instrumental techniques that are capable of generating
accuracy and precision data of the highest caliber. Two of the most well-known suppliers
of reference materials include the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST®) in
the U.S. and the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) in Europe.
However, even though they offer a diverse range of standards, many proficiency-testing
organizations produce their own unique, matrix-specific certified reference materials and
QC standards that can be traced back to NIST® and IRMM sources.

One of the most well-respected proficiency testing providers that serve the environmental and
pharmaceutical markets is Environmental Resource Associates (ERA), a division of Waters
Corporation based in Arvada, Colorado. In operation since 1978, ERA has become the
Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing

largest supplier of proficiency-testing studies and certified reference materials for environ-
mental laboratories in North America. It has not become the market leader by accident. Its
reputation over the past 33 years is based on knowledge and expertise in the determination

Download Entire Case Study

CONTENTS
TABLE OF
Case
study Environmental

Water Testing –
Water Testing –
Driving Productivity
and Increasing the South West Water is
responsible for maintaining
Speed of Analysis and monitoring the quality
of drinking and bathing

Air Testing
waters and the sewage
system network in a region of England. They do this effectively through a
central analytical facility. In early 2010, as part of the rolling replacement
programme, the ICP-MS instrument was identified as due for renewal. The
analytical team were looking for an instrument that could be relied upon to
have minimum downtime and be a workhorse for high sample throughput;
but also offer flexibility to adapt to changing business requirements and
complete investigative work if required. After the evaluation of the top three
suppliers, the NexION® 300 ICP-MS from PerkinElmer was selected. The
flexibility offered by NexION having both a collision and dynamic reaction
cell ensures that the lab is future proofed. Being fully prepared to handle
Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing
any changes in sample matrices and still benefit from sensitive, reproducible
results day in day out.


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application note


Authors

Chady Stephan, Ph.D.
Water Testing –

Aaron Hineman
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Woodbridge, Ontario CAN
Water Testing –

Analysis of NIST Gold ® Introduction
Engineered nanomaterials (ENs) refer
Nanoparticles Reference to the process of producing and/or
controlling materials that have at least
Materials Using the one dimension in the size range of 1 to
100 nm. They often possess different
NexION 300 ICP-MS properties compared to bulk materials
of the same composition, making them
in Single Particle Mode of great interest to a broad spectrum of
industrial and commercial applications.
Air Testing

Recent studies have shown that some nanoparticles may be harmful to
humans. A 2009 study in the Journal of Nanoparticle Research showed that
zinc oxide nanoparticles were toxic to human lung cells in lab tests even at low
concentrations (Weisheng et al., 2009).1 Other studies have shown that tiny
silver particles (15 nanometers) killed liver and brain cells in laboratory rats. At
the nano scale, particles are more chemically reactive and bioactive, allowing
them to easily penetrate organs and cells (Braydich-Stolle et. al., 2005).2
Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing


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Case
study

Water Testing –
Water Testing –
Colorado School of Mines
Uses a NexION 300Q There is an unprecedented amount of scientific

Air Testing
research going on today dedicated to the study

ICP-MS to Obtain a Better of a world so small, we cannot see it even
with a conventional microscope. That world
Understanding of the is the field of nanotechnology – the realm of
atoms and nanostructures. But what actually is
Environmental Impact of nanotechnology? The National Nanotechnology
Initiative (NNI) defines nanotechnology as the study
Engineered Nanomaterials of materials with dimensions 100 nm, where
unique properties enable novel applications to
be carried out. For example, gases, liquids, and
solids can exhibit unusual physical, chemical, and biological properties at the nanoscale
level, differing in critical ways from the properties of the bulk materials. Nanomaterials Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing

occur in nature, such as clay minerals and humic acids, but they can also be produced
by human activity such as diesel emissions, or welding fumes. In addition, nanomaterials


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Atomic Absorption

Author:

Randy L. Hergenreder
Water Testing –

PerkinElmer, Inc.
Shelton, CT 06484 USA
Water Testing –

Trace Metals in Introduction
Several trace elements are recognized as toxic or
Waters by GFAAS, carcinogenic and are regulated in drinking water
by various environmental agencies worldwide.
in Accordance with The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA)
Safe Drinking Water Act includes maximum levels
U.S. EPA and Health permitted in drinking water for the elements arsenic
(As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), selenium (Se) and
Canada Requirements thallium (Tl). The World Health Organization
(WHO) and Health Canada also have limits on
these elements in drinking water (Table 1). Water
contamination sources can range from naturally occurring deposits exposed from erosion,
to agriculture and industrial discharges. There can also be direct contamination from: Pb
used in plumbing fixtures, Cd found in galvanized pipes, and electronics manufacturing
Air Testing

discharges for Tl.

Precise and accurate measurements at the regulated levels are an important factor
for assuring safe drinking water. U.S. EPA Method 200.91 is the method cited by EPA,
Health Canada, and the WHO for the use of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy
(GFAAS). In evaluating a GFAAS system for determination of these elements, it must
provide good sensitivity, low noise, limited drift, and accuracy in matrices with high salt
content (hard water) that might be found in drinking waters. In this work, the PinAAcle™
900T, with a unique optical system, is evaluated for the use of EPA Method 200.9 for
As, Cd, Pb, Se, and Tl in drinking waters.
Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing


CONTENTS
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Atomic Absorption

Author

Aaron Hineman

Water Testing –
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Ontario, Canada

Water Testing –
Determination of As, Introduction
Contamination of industrial and municipal water
Se and Hg in Waters by supplies with arsenic (As), selenium (Se), and mercury
(Hg) can occur from natural deposits, industrial
Hydride Generation/ discharge, runoff from mining, landfill and agricultural
operations. Consumption of contaminated water can
Cold Vapor Atomic cause skin damage (As), kidney and nervous system
damage (Hg) and numbness in the fingers and toes
Absorption Spectroscopy (Se).1 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) and the Canadian Council of Ministers of the
Environment (CCME) have guidelines on the concen-
tration of As, Se and Hg for the protection of marine
and freshwater aquatic life and the protection of agriculture.1,2 Due to the low levels of

Air Testing
these guidelines for As, Se, and Hg, it is important to have analytical measurements that are
precise and accurate with low amounts of noise.

Hydride generation (HG) is a very effective analytical technique developed to separate
hydride forming metals, such as Se and As, from a range of matrices and varying acid
concentrations. The heated quartz tube atomizer is particularly useful for the determination
of arsenic and selenium because the absorption wavelengths for these elements are below
200 nm in an area subject to intense interference from flame radicals that can significantly
affect detection limits. Mercury can be easily reduced in solution to generate elemental
mercury, otherwise known as cold vapor (CV). This technique is also effective at separating
mercury from a range of matrices. These analytical techniques can improve detection limits
by a factor of approximately 3000 times that of flame detection limits and typically have less Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing

interference than graphite furnace techniques.


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Gas Chromatography/
Mass Spectrometry

Author

Lee Marotta
Water Testing –

PerkinElmer, Inc.
Water Testing –

The Determination of Introduction
BTEX is a grouping of structurally similar
Low Level Benzene, volatile organic compounds including
benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and the
Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, three xylene isomers. These compounds
are known pollutants and are typically
and Xylenes (BTEX) found near petroleum production and
storage sites. BTEX are regulated toxic
in Drinking Water by compounds while benzene is also an EPA
target carcinogen. The investigation of
Headspace Trap GC/MS these compounds, especially in drinking
water at low levels, is critical to protect
Air Testing

public health. This application note focuses
on exceeding the current EPA detection limit requirement for BTEX while meeting
and/or exceeding all other criteria in EPA method 524.2 for these analytes.

Instrumentation
A PerkinElmer® TurboMatrix™ Headspace (HS) sample handling system was used
to volatilize and concentrate BTEX in water samples. To enhance detection limits, an
inline trap was employed, which focused these analytes prior to injection onto
the analytical column. A PerkinElmer Clarus® SQ 8S Gas Chromatograph Mass
Spectrometer (GC/MS) configured with the standard capacity turbo molecular pump
Soil Hazardous

was the analytical system used.
Waste Testing


CONTENTS
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Gas Chromatography/
Mass Spectrometry

Authors

Yury Kaplan

Water Testing –
Ruben Garnica
PerkinElmer, Inc.

Water Testing –
Improved Sensitivity Introduction
U.S. Environmental Protection
and Dynamic Range Agency (EPA) Method 8270D – Semi-
Volatile Organic Compounds by Gas
Using the Clarus SQ 8 Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
(GC/MS) – is a common and wide ranging
GC/MS System for method employed in nearly all commercial
environmental laboratories. The analysis
EPA Method 8270D focuses on the detection of trace level
semi-volatile organic compounds in
Semi-Volatile Organic extracts from solid waste matrices, soils,
air sampling media and water samples.
Compound Analysis The method lists over 200 compounds

Air Testing
however a majority of laboratories target
between 60 and 90 for most analyses.
The study presented here demonstrates
the PerkinElmer® Clarus® SQ 8 GC/MS, not only meets the method requirements
but provides users flexibility to satisfy their individual productivity demands.
An extended calibration range is presented as are the advantages of the Clarifi™
detector.

Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing


CONTENTS
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Gas Chromatography/
Mass Spectrometry

Authors

Ruben Garnica
Dawn May
Water Testing –

PerkinElmer, Inc.
Shelton, CT USA
Water Testing –

Method 8260C by Introduction
U.S. EPA Method 8260C – Volatile
Purge and Trap Gas Organic Compounds (VOCs) by Gas
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
Chromatography (GC/MS) is one of the most common
environmental applications for GC/MS.
Mass Spectrometry This method outlines the analysis of
volatile organic compounds in a variety
using the Clarus SQ 8 of solid waste matrices including vari-
ous air sampling trapping media, ground
and surface water, soils, and sediments
among others. The method requires not
Air Testing

only demonstration of laboratory sample preparation and handling competence
but instrument performance as well. The study presented here demonstrates
the PerkinElmer® Clarus® SQ 8 GC/MS with purge and trap sample introduction
both meets and exceeds the performance criteria set out in method 8260C and
describes the analytical results and instrumental methodology.

Experimental
The PerkinElmer Clarus SQ 8C GC/MS operating in electron ionization mode
with an Atomx purge and trap sample introduction system (Teledyne Tekmar,
Mason, OH) was used to perform these experiments. The purge and trap
conditions are presented in Table 1 and represent standard conditions for
Soil Hazardous

the analysis of method of VOCs by EPA Method 8260C.
Waste Testing


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a p p l i c at i o n n o t E

FT-IR Spectroscopy

Authors

Ben Perston

Water Testing –
Aniruddha Pisal
PerkinElmer, Inc.

Determination of Introduction

The concentration of dispersed oil and grease in water is an important
Hydrocarbons in parameter for human and environmental health. Infrared spectroscopy has

Water Testing –
long been a standard method for detecting and quantifying hydrocarbon
Environmental contamination, particularly in water discharged during offshore oil operations.1

Samples with Recently, this analytical technique has enjoyed renewed interest and
application to a wider range of environmental samples and matrices, from
Spectrum Two cooling water, to soil in land reclamation, to drinking water; at the same
time, concern over the environmental impact of chlorofluorocarbon
solvents has led to the development of a number of alternative approaches
using less harmful solvents. This application note presents an overview of
three methods and a comparison of their performance:

1. Halogenated solvent extraction and transmission measurement (C–H
stretch modes), e.g. ASTM® D7066. This is the traditional approach, but
requires the use of relatively expensive solvents that may be harmful.

Air Testing
2. Hexane extraction and ATR measurement allows the use of an inexpensive
hydrocarbon solvent, but does not permit the measurement of volatile
contaminants.

3. Cyclohexane extraction and transmission measurement (1377 cm-1)
exploits a deformation mode that is not present in the spectra of
cycloalkanes (see Figure 1), and combines the simplicity of a transmission
measurement with a hydrocarbon solvent.2

All three of these methods are supported by the Spectrum Two
Environmental Hydrocarbons Analysis System (Figure 2), with the
appropriate sampling accessory. This note evaluates the three methods Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing

and discusses their relative advantages.


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Gas Chromatography

Authors

Lee Marotta
Water Testing –

Dennis Yates

PerkinElmer, Inc.
Shelton, CT USA

Methane, Ethylene,
Water Testing –

Introduction
and Ethane in Water The rapid development of natural

by Headspace-Gas gas from unconventional sources in
North America has created an energy

Chromatography (HS-GC) “gold rush” not seen in contemporary
times. The advent of horizontal drilling

with Flame Ionization technologies and hydraulic fracturing has
made this production economical and

Detection (FID) presents an energy source of sufficient
magnitude that could last 100 years.

The technology presents a number of environmental challenges as the
wells are drilled vertically through aquifers on their way to the deep shale
Air Testing

deposits thousands of feet under the surface, and then turned horizontally
and drilled another several thousand feet through the shale deposit. Herein
lies the challenge: in the process of drilling the wells and preparing them for
production (including “fracking” to optimize production), opportunities arise
for contamination of the clean drinking water aquifers with methane and other
low molecular weight organics (e.g., propane and ethane). Correctly drilled and
cemented well bores should not be an issue, but any errors in engineering could
result in contamination.

It is also possible that methane already exists at a low concentration in the
aquifer from diffusion of the gas occurring naturally. There is a need (by
Soil Hazardous

property owner and lease holder) to confirm the level of gas in the aquifer
Waste Testing

before and during drilling, and also after the well is placed into production.


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Direct Sample analySiS
TOF MS

Water Testing –
Environmental: Atrazine in water

Results in seconds • The pesticide atrazine is a • Use of TrapPulse™ mode increases sensitivity 8 fold
contaminant of surface and and gives greater mass accuracy
drinking water
Increased sensitivity • DSA-TOF analysis of 2 uL of water on a mesh
• The maximum level of confirms presence of atrazine with
atrazine in water has been a mass accuracy 1 ppm
Confirms water safety set as 0.003 mg/L
• The analysis was performed in 15 seconds with no

sample preparation and external calibration

Water Testing –
Air Testing
Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing
PerkinElmer, Inc.
940 Winter Street
Waltham, ma 02451 USa
p: (800) 762-4000 or
(+1) 203-925-4602
www.perkinelmer.com

For a complete listing of our global offices, visit www.perkinelmer.com/ContactUs

copyright ©2012 perkinelmer, inc. all rights reserved. perkinelmer® is a registered trademark of perkinelmer, inc. all other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

010080_01

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CONTENTS
TABLE OF


Liquid Chromatography/
Mass Spectrometry

Author

Sharanya Reddy
Water Testing –

PerkinElmer, Inc.
Shelton, CT USA
Water Testing –

Analysis of Introduction
Identifying the presence of emerging
Pharmaceuticals and pollutants in surface water samples is a
growing area of concern in the environ-
Personal Care Products mental field.1,2 Many of these pollutants
are introduced into the surface waters
in River Water Samples anthropogenically through municipal
waste water. Among the emerging
by UHPLC-TOF pollutants, pharmaceuticals and personal
care products (PPCPs) have been detected
at parts per million and parts per trillion
concentrations in surface waters. The
presence of PPCPs suggests inefficient
Air Testing

removal of these compounds by current
sewage treatment processes.

We present a study of PPCPs in river water samples from the northeastern United
States using UHPLC-TOF-MS for both targeted and non-targeted analytes. Unlike
a triple quadrupole, which is operated in multiple reaction monitoring mode for
screening only predefined targeted analytes, the time-of-flight (TOF) mass
spectrometer provides full spectrum accurate mass data that can be used to
analyze and identify an unlimited number of compounds, without prior knowledge
of target analytes or when reference standards are not available. In this study
we show how high mass accuracy information provided by the PerkinElmer
AxION 2® TOF along with the priopriatory AxION EC ID software can be used to
Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing

identify unknown analytes in surface river waters.


CONTENTS
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DIrECt SAMPlE AnAlySIS
TOF MS

Water Testing –
Environmental: Personal care products in river water

No complex method • Personal care products pose a rising
concern as a contaminant in post
• 10 ppb spiked river samples simply
filtered, 10 mM ammonium formate
development water treatment river waters added, and pipetted onto a mesh

• Existing protocols require lengthy SPE • DSA-TOF analysis confirms presence of
Comprehensive analysis work up followed by LC, LC/MS or personal care products and pesticides,
GC/MS analysis with high mass accuracy
Ensures water quality

• The analysis was performed in
15 seconds with minimal sample

Water Testing –
preparation and external calibration

Air Testing
Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing
PerkinElmer, Inc.
940 Winter Street
Waltham, MA 02451 USA
P: (800) 762-4000 or
(+1) 203-925-4602
www.perkinelmer.com


Copyright ©2012 PerkinElmer, Inc. All rights reserved. PerkinElmer® is a registered trademark of PerkinElmer, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

010103_01


CONTENTS
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Direct Sample analySiS
TOF MS
Water Testing –

Environmental: Carbamates in river water

No complex method • Carbamates are known contaminants
of river water, EPA maximum
• 10 ppb spiked river samples simply
filtered and pipetted onto a mesh
development concentration of 10 ug/L
• DSA-TOF analysis confirms presence
• Existing protocols require lengthy SPE of carbamates, with high mass
Fast, accurate mass work up followed by LC, LC/MS or accuracy
GC/MS analysis

• The analysis was performed
Ensures water quality in 15 seconds with no sample
Water Testing –

Air Testing
Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing

PerkinElmer, Inc.
940 Winter Street
Waltham, ma 02451 USa
p: (800) 762-4000 or
(+1) 203-925-4602
www.perkinelmer.com


copyright ©2012 perkinelmer, inc. all rights reserved. perkinelmer® is a registered trademark of perkinelmer, inc. all other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

010082_01


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White
paper Gas Chromatography

Authors

Water Testing –
Graham Broadway
Andrew Tipler
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Shelton, CT USA

Ozone Precursor
Analysis Using a

In the United States, the Clean Air Act of 1970 gave the U.S. Environmental

Water Testing –
Thermal Desorption- Protection Agency (EPA) responsibility for maintaining clean air for health and
welfare. Six parameters are measured routinely in ambient air: SOx, NOx, PM10

GC System (particulate matter less than 10 microns), Pb, CO and ozone. In the 1990
Clean Air Act Amendments, Title 1 expanded the measurements in air to
include volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that contribute to the formation
of ground-level ozone. These parameters are measured in urban areas that do not meet the attainment goals for
ozone, as shown in Figure 1. These measurements are implemented through a program known as Photochemical
Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS).

This program has been in place in the U.S. for a
number of years, and in 2008 the National Ambient
Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for Ground-Level
Ozone was reduced to 0.075 ppm for an 8-hour
period.1 The U.S. EPA predicts that a large number

Air Testing
of counties will violate the 2008 standard2 (Figure 1).
Similar recommendations have also been made in
Europe. Following the 1992 Ozone Directive and United
Nations Economic Commission for Europe’s protocol on
controlling VOC emissions, a European ozone precursor
priority list was established by Kotzias et al.3 and
subsequently modified by the EC 2002/3/CE directive.

Figure 1. Areas expected to violate the 2008 Ozone Standard.

Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing

Download Entire White Paper

CONTENTS
TABLE OF

DIrECt SAMPlE AnAlySIS
TOF MS
Water Testing –

Environmental: Insecticide on mosquito nets

Results in seconds • Deltamethrin is a WHO approved
insecticide for treatment of
• Existing protocols require extraction
followed by HPLC or GC/MS analysis
mosquito nets
Assures product • DSA-TOF analysis of a net section
• Treated nets command a higher confirms presence of deltamethrin
authenticity price but some suppliers omit the at the required level to be effective

insecticide
Protects consumers • The analysis was performed in
Water Testing –

15 seconds with no sample
Air Testing
Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing

PerkinElmer, Inc.
940 Winter Street
P: (800) 762-4000 or
(+1) 203-925-4602
www.perkinelmer.com


Copyright ©2012 PerkinElmer, Inc. All rights reserved. PerkinElmer® is a registered trademark of PerkinElmer, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

010079_01


CONTENTS
TABLE OF
Case
Environmental
study

Water Testing –
Water Testing –
Environmental Resource
Associates (ERA) adds Proficiency testing (PT) is defined as a means
a NexION 300Q to its of evaluating a laboratory's performance under
controlled conditions relative to a given set
Inorganic Proficiency of criteria through the analysis of unknown
samples provided by an external source. Many
Testing Process organizations that manage proficiency-testing
studies are also responsible for producing the
certified reference materials (CRMs) and quality
control (QC) standards that support validation of the testing methodology. The charac-

Air Testing
terization and certification of these kinds of materials requires an extremely high level of
analytical expertise, together with instrumental techniques that are capable of generating
accuracy and precision data of the highest caliber. Two of the most well-known suppliers
of reference materials include the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST®) in
the U.S. and the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) in Europe.
However, even though they offer a diverse range of standards, many proficiency-testing
organizations produce their own unique, matrix-specific certified reference materials and
QC standards that can be traced back to NIST® and IRMM sources.

One of the most well-respected proficiency testing providers that serve the environmental and
pharmaceutical markets is Environmental Resource Associates (ERA), a division of Waters
Corporation based in Arvada, Colorado. In operation since 1978, ERA has become the
Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing
largest supplier of proficiency-testing studies and certified reference materials for environ-
mental laboratories in North America. It has not become the market leader by accident. Its
reputation over the past 33 years is based on knowledge and expertise in the determination


CONTENTS
TABLE OF


Gas Chromatography/
Mass Spectrometry

Authors

Yury Kaplan
Water Testing –

Ruben Garnica
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Water Testing –

Improved Sensitivity Introduction
U.S. Environmental Protection
and Dynamic Range Agency (EPA) Method 8270D – Semi-
Volatile Organic Compounds by Gas
Using the Clarus SQ 8 Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
(GC/MS) – is a common and wide ranging
GC/MS System for method employed in nearly all commercial
environmental laboratories. The analysis
EPA Method 8270D focuses on the detection of trace level
semi-volatile organic compounds in
Semi-Volatile Organic extracts from solid waste matrices, soils,
air sampling media and water samples.
Compound Analysis The method lists over 200 compounds
Air Testing

however a majority of laboratories target
between 60 and 90 for most analyses.
The study presented here demonstrates
the PerkinElmer® Clarus® SQ 8 GC/MS, not only meets the method requirements
but provides users flexibility to satisfy their individual productivity demands.
An extended calibration range is presented as are the advantages of the Clarifi™
detector.
Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing


CONTENTS
TABLE OF

Gas Chromatography/
Mass Spectrometry

Authors

Ruben Garnica

Water Testing –
Dawn May
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Shelton, CT USA

Water Testing –
Method 8260C by Introduction
U.S. EPA Method 8260C – Volatile
Purge and Trap Gas Organic Compounds (VOCs) by Gas
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
Chromatography (GC/MS) is one of the most common
environmental applications for GC/MS.
Mass Spectrometry This method outlines the analysis of
volatile organic compounds in a variety
using the Clarus SQ 8 of solid waste matrices including vari-
ous air sampling trapping media, ground
and surface water, soils, and sediments
among others. The method requires not

Air Testing
only demonstration of laboratory sample preparation and handling competence
but instrument performance as well. The study presented here demonstrates
the PerkinElmer® Clarus® SQ 8 GC/MS with purge and trap sample introduction
both meets and exceeds the performance criteria set out in method 8260C and
describes the analytical results and instrumental methodology.

Experimental
The PerkinElmer Clarus SQ 8C GC/MS operating in electron ionization mode
with an Atomx purge and trap sample introduction system (Teledyne Tekmar,
Mason, OH) was used to perform these experiments. The purge and trap
conditions are presented in Table 1 and represent standard conditions for
Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing
the analysis of method of VOCs by EPA Method 8260C.


CONTENTS
TABLE OF

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Air Testing

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Soil Hazardous
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