Presentation by Richard Bernknopf at Penn Institute for Urban Research's "Earth from Space" conference.

1. Landsat Benefit Analysis Estimation of the benefits of providing moderate spatial resolution data as a public good

2. The need for an empirical analysis: “ There is a growing awareness across governments and communities of practitioners that much more attention needs to be paid to assessing the social and economic impacts of spatial data infrastructures (SDIs) …The few studies available … provide useful guidance on the range of methods available but are all characterised by a large number of assumptions the validity of which has yet to be tested. This is because they are by and large ex-ante studies undertaken to justify political and financial support, and we have yet to see enough studies of SDIs in practice able to assess the extent to which initial assumptions are valid. Moreover, work to date has focused primarily on set-up costs, and short term efficiency benefits which are relatively easier to assess, than wider measures including indirect and organisational costs, and longer term social, political and economic benefits .” (European Commission; DG Joint Research Centre Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), 2006, I-21020 Ispra (VA), Italy, Editors: Max Craglia and Joanna Nowak.) “ In several published studies efficiency benefits are directly measured in terms of the number of staff hours/salary that are saved by the addition of a GIS (see for example, Korte, 1996; Baltimore County, 2001). Effectiveness benefits (sometimes called “value-added” benefits) are those that arise from improvements to existing tasks or the addition of new tasks that could not be performed prior to the implementation of the GIS… Instead, effectiveness benefits are typically treated as an important, qualitative “bonus” that can be added to the more easily quantified cost-savings resulting from the implementation of a GIS (see for example, Hardwick and Fox, 1999). (Halsing, David L., Theissen, Kevin M. and Bernknopf, Richard L. 2004. A Cost-Benefit Analysis of The National Map . U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1271. Menlo Park, California.)

4. Purpose of Analysis to conduct an empirical analysis of the benefits of moderate-resolution imagery, to conduct an economics experiment about satellite attribute preferences, and to estimate the dollar value of moderate-resolution imagery information in a series of applications