2. İKDMP Urban Transformation
Master Plan’s Multi-Hazard Map
- The aim of this study is to get all possible hazard’s maps of
study area as raster maps, classify them into suitable number of
classes, and merge them as an integrated multi-hazard map
using analytical hierarchy process and geographical information
systems.
- The main hazards for Istanbul are;
- Earthquake
- Landslide
- Flood
- Fire
- Hazmat Leakage
- Tsunami
3. Istanbul Urban Resilience Project
- To determine the acute shocks
and chronic stresses of Istanbul
and provide an approach to
increase the resilience of the city
by revealing the indexes and
KPIs of the city.
- To offer assembly and shelter
areas for the acute stresses.
- …
4. Acute Shocks & Chronic Stresses
- Hot & Cold Weather Currents
- Earthquake
- Storms & Hurricanes
- Financial Instabilities/ Economic Crisis
- Cyber Attacks
- Tsunami
- Flash Floods
- Traffic Density
- Climate Change
- Dense Urbanization
- Poor Air Quality
- Poverty
- Unemployment
- Illegal Housing & Construction
- Drought
- Heavy Population
- Immigrants
- Inadequate Education
- Inadequate Health
- Environmental Degradation
5. Indexes, KPI, & Themes
246
Qualifiers
75
Indicators
28 Indexes
8
Themes
ECONOMY
Built
Environment
Critical
Infrastructure
SOCIETY
ENVIRONMENT
Cultural
Heritage
Risk
&
Vulnerability
GOVERNANCE
PRESCRIP
TIVE
ADAPTIVE
ABSORBING
TRANSFORM
ING
8. A Loss Assessment Tool for Turkey
- Those constrains drifted the İTÜ to create an earthquake loss assessment software
specialized for Turkey.
- A software, which define the HAZards, based on the users scenario and estimates the
losses for the region of interest (TURKey) based on the consequences.
- İTÜ and UIUC cooperated for the creation of a specialized software for Turkey. Mid-
America Earthquake Center’s MAEviz is edited and modified for Turkey with the
financial support of TUBITAK and IMM.
10. 3D Visualization of the Damages
Querying for the fire brigade in Zeytinburnu
District.
11. Available Inventory and Models
- Available data and models from the previous studies for
Istanbul and Marmara Region were investigated.
- The main titles for the investigation were;
- Hazard
- Fragility
- Inventory
12. Hazard
- Attenuation relations given below included for the creation of the hazard maps.
Attenuation Relations Ground Motion Parameters Distance Type
Kalkan & Gülkan (2004) PGA & PSA Joyner-Boore
Özbey et al., (2004) PGA & SA Joyner-Boore
Ulusay et al., (2004) PGA Epicentral Distance
Boore et al., (1997) PGA & SA Joyner-Boore
Sadigh et al., (1997) PGA & SA Joyner-Boore
Spudich et al., (1999) PGA & PSV Joyner-Boore
Boore and Atkinson (2006) PGA , PGV, PSA Joyner-Boore
Campbell and Bozorgnia (2006) PGA, PGV, PGD, PSA, SD Rupture Distance
Chiou and Youngs (2006) PSA & SA Rupture Distance
Akkar et al (2013) PGA & SA Joyner-Boore
Campbell Bozorgnia (2014) PGA, PGV, PGD, PSA, SD Joyner-Boore
Akkar and Bommer (2010) PSA & SA Joyner-Boore
15. Fragility
- To evaluate the effect of ground shaking or ground
displacements on the assets in the earthquake-prone
area, fragility relationships are required.
- These are conditional probability functions that relate
the severity of shaking to the probability of reaching or
exceeding different levels of damage.
16. Comparison of Fragility Assessment
Methods
Methods Empirical Judgmental Hybrid
Simple
analytical
model
Detailed
analysis procedure
Effort increasing time and computation effort
Precision accuracy of the assessment
Application building stock individual building
(Jeong and Elnashai, 2006)
19. Fire Following Earthquake (Ignition)
- Post-earthquake urban fires are generally caused by
strong ground shaking. Strong shaking damages the
structures and lifelines of cities, such as water, electrical
and gas systems.
- Heavy damage to the electrical and gas systems can
result in leakage, which can cause many simultaneous
fire ignitions.
