4. Research evidence
4 Tackling inequalities in screening
Learning and
physical
disabilities
Economic and social
depravation
Ethnicity and cultural
barriers –
especially where
English a second
language
Hard to reach
groups
(travellers,
prisoners etc)
Unhealthy
behaviours
6. Overall coverage
for breast cancer
screening
• No learning
disabilities 68%
• With learning
disabilities 52%
Breast screening: age and learning disability
6 Tackling inequalities in screening
LD 78%
of non LD
LD 74%
of non LD
LD 77%
of non LDLD 80%
of non LD
8. Strategies to increase Breast cancer
screening uptake
• Postal reminders (Allgood et al, BJC 2016)
• RCT around 23,000 women
• Reminder or no reminder days before appointment
• 4% higher uptake (68% v 64%)
• Second timed appointments (Hudson et al, J Med Screen) 2016)
• Almost 3x as effective as open invites (20% uptake “v” 7.5%)
• Most effective where previous attendance
• GP endorsements
8 Tackling inequalities in screening
The health inequalities duty (Health and Social Care Act 2012)
The public sector equality duty (Equality Act 2010)
This slides shows us the impact health inequalities can have on life expectancy for people living in deprived areas
Screening causes overdiagnosis due to length time bias. Jorgensen says 1 in 3 breast cancers overdiagnosed
Problem with breast cancer – not a single disease – differences in histopathology, growth rates, aggresiveness, responsiveness to therapy
Prevalence of DCIS at autopsy in women without breast cancer found between 9 and 14%
Once diagnosed – women labelled, anxiety of recurrence and early death
Jorgensen and Gotche