SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 24
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
Pathology of Mediastinal
Tumors
By
Osama El-Zaafarany
Anatomy


The mediastinum is the
space between:
•
•

•

the thoracic inlet & the diaphragm,
The sternum & vertebral column,
The 2 lungs.

 Compartments:
• Anterior.
• Superior.

• Middle.
• Posterior.






The anterior mediastinum:
thymus, lymph nodes, and
small vessels.
The middle mediastinum:
the heart, proximal great
vessels, central airway
structures, and lymph
nodes.
The posterior mediastinum:
sympathetic chain ganglia,
vagus nerve, thoracic
duct, and esophagus
DD of Mediastinal Mass


Antero-superior mediastinum:
 Thymic tumors:
Thymomas, Thymic carcinomas, Thymic cysts.
 Lymphomas:
Hodgkin's disease, Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
 Germ cell tumors:
Seminomas, Non-seminomas.
 Endocrine tumors:
Parathyroid adenomas, Thyroid tumors (retrosternal).
 Mesenchymal tumors:
Lipoma, liposarcoma, haemangioma, lymphangioma….
DD of Mediastinal Mass



The middle mediastinum:








Lymphomas.
Cysts: Bronchogenic,pericardial,thoracic duct.
Mesenchymal tumors.
Tracheal tumors.
Cardiac and pericardial tumors
Vascular tumors: e.g. Aortic aneurysm.
Lymphadenopathy:
Inflammatory, Granulomatous, Sarcoidosis.
DD of Mediastinal Mass



The posterior mediastinum:



Lymphomas
Neurogenic tumors:
Peripheral nerves: Schwannomas
Sympathetic ganglia: Ganglioneuromas, Neuroblastomas
Paraganglia: Paragangliomas









Mesenchymal tumors
Esophageal tumors and cysts
Hiatal hernias.
Thoracic duct cyst.
Meningocele.
Pathology of mediastinal masses
Thymic Tumors
thymus gland
•
•
•

is an irregular lobulated lympho-epithelial organ in the
anterior mediastinum.
derived from the endoderm of third pharyngeal pouch.
involutes during adulthood, gradually being replaced by
adipose tissue.

(I) Thymoma:


Thymomas are epithelial tumors associated with an
exuberant lymphoid component composed of immature
cortical thymocytes.



Thymomas are exceedingly rare.



incidence of 0.15 per 100,000 person-years.



higher in males than females.
Pathology of mediastinal masses
‫‪Thymoma‬‬

‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
Thymoma

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬





characterized by an indolent growth pattern that
can be locally invasive.
Long survival.
myasthenia gravis is present in 30% to 40% of
patients;(The cardinal features are weakness and
fatigability of skeletal muscles)



81 % of recurrences are local, 9% distant.
Thymoma
Pathological Classification: (WHO)
Type A: tumors are composed of neoplastic oval or spindle-shaped epithelial
cells without atypia or lymphocytes.

Type AB: is similar to type A, but with foci of lymphocytes.

Type B: tumors consist of plump epithelioid cells and are subdivided into three

subtypes.
Type B1 tumors resemble normal thymic cortex with areas similar to thymic
medulla.
Type B2 have scattered neoplastic epithelial cells with vesicular nuclei and
distinct nucleoli among a heavy population of lymphocytes; perivascular
spaces are prominent.
Type B3 is composed of predominantly round or polygonal epithelial cells
exhibiting mild atypia admixed with a minor component of lymphocytes; have
described as well-differentiated thymic carcinoma.

Type C: Thymic carcinomas these have clear-cut cytologic atypia and a

cytoarchitecture resembling carcinoma distinctively unlike normal thymus
tissue
Thymoma

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
Masaoka Staging System







I : Macroscopically completely encapsulated, with no
microscopic capsular invasion

II :
 IIa: Macroscopic invasion into surrounding mediastinal
fatty tissue or mediastinal pleura.
 IIb: Microscopic invasion into the capsule
III : Macroscopic invasion into surrounding organs
IV :
 IVa: Pleural or pericardial implants/dissemination
 IVb: Lymphogenous or hematogenous metastases
Thymoma

‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬


Treatment:

• Surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment
for thymomas, and complete en- bloc surgical
resection (R0) remains the treatment of choice
for all thymomas regardless of invasiveness.

• Radiation therapy is often considered for the
adjuvant setting in patients with resected stage
II and III thymomas. And still others recommend
radiation only in the circumstance of incomplete
resection.
Thymoma,

Treatment

‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬


Chemotherapy:

• Thymomas have proven to be very sensitive to
chemotherapy.
• A clinical response is seen in roughly two thirds of
patients.
• The duration of response ranges from 12 to 93 months.
• The most promising use of chemotherapy is in the
neoadjuvant setting; appears to be effective at
rendering tumors more amenable to a complete
resection.
• The commonly employed drugs in combination
chemotherapy are cisplatin, doxorubicin, and
cyclophosphamide.
• May be combined with post-operative radiotherapy for
stages III and IV.
(II) Thymic Carcinoma:







Thymic carcinomas are less common than
thymoma.
arise from thymic epithelium.
more aggressive with a higher propensity
for capsular invasion.
frequently present with advanced disease
and have a poorer 5-year survival than
with thymomas
Thymic Carcinoma

‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬


The majority of thymic carcinomas are
undifferentiated high-grade lesions with:

• Anaplasia.
• marked cellular atypia.
• lacking the histologic features of a normal thymus.






Others: adenocarcinomatous, sarcomatous, squamous,

basaloid, mucoepidermoid, or lymphoepithelial like.

60% expression of CD5, CD70 and CD117 in
epithelial cells.
Current management requires an aggressive
multimodality approach, including primary
surgical resection and the use of adjuvant
cisplatin-based chemotherapy, often coupled with
postoperative radiation therapy.
(III) Thymic Carcinoid:








Thymic carcinoid tumors (neuroendocrine
tumors) of the thymus are very rare.

They originate from the normal thymic Kulchitsky
cells, which belong to the amine precursor uptake
and decarboxylation (APUD) group.
Approximately 50% are associated with
endocrine disorders, such as multiple endocrine
neoplasia (MEN -1), or secondary Cushing's
syndrome.
Complete surgical resection is the preferred
method of treatment, although recurrence is
common.
Malignant Mediastinal Germ Cell
Tumors








The mediastinum is the most common site of
primary extragonadal germ cell tumors in young
adults.

A number of malignant processes are associated
with nonseminomatous germ cell tumors; acute
myeloid leukemia and malignant histiocytosis.
Arise from germ cells that migrate along the
urogenital ridge during embryonic development,
which extends from C6 to L4.
Meticulous work-up must be performed to
prevent overlooking an occult gonadal primary,
including testicular ultrasound.
Malignant Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumors

‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬








Primary mediastinal germ cell tumors have the
same morphologic and histologic appearance as
those of the testes.
They are divided into seminomatous and
non-seminomatous tumors.
Have a poor prognosis and aggressive behavior.
Tumor markers can aid in diagnosis:

The Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is elevated in 75% of
patients.
• The β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG)
is elevated less than half of the time.
• Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is elevated in 50% of
patients.
•

 Main line of treatment is chemotherapy.
Mediastinal Neurogenic Tumors






Arise in the posterior mediastinum from
peripheral nerves, sympathetic ganglia, or
mediastinal chemoreceptors.
Neuroblastoma is an aggressive variant of
neurogenic tumors and is a disease of childhood.
In adults, the majority of neurogenic tumors are
benign schwannomas and neurofibromas in the
setting of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) or von
Recklinghausen's disease.
Mediastinal Neurogenic Tumors

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬






Paragangliomas are rare tumors that arise from
extra-adrenal paraganglia and potentially are
catecholamine secreting. Most tumors are benign
(~10% malignant), and surgical resection is usually
curative.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors
(MPNSTs) have increased risk in Patients with NF-1.
MPNSTs are difficult to detect, metastasize rapidly,
and thus carry a poor prognosis.
Mediastinal Neurogenic Tumors

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬








Management for patients with malignant
mediastinal neurogenic tumors entails a
multidisciplinary approach similar to the
management of adult soft-tissue sarcomas.

Surgical resection is the mainstay of therapy, and
an R0 resection should be attempted.
Adjuvant radiation has been incorporated into the
management of localized MPNSTs.
Unresectable disease, radiation can be delivered
either alone or with chemotherapy that is used
for soft-tissue sarcomas; doxorubicin, ifosfamide.
Pathology of mediastinal masses

Más contenido relacionado

Was ist angesagt?

Thymic epithelial tumours and recent updates
Thymic epithelial tumours and recent updatesThymic epithelial tumours and recent updates
Thymic epithelial tumours and recent updatesArgha Baruah
 
Unusual type and site of Lymphoma(Extranodal Lymphoma) Dr.Argha Baruah
Unusual type and site of Lymphoma(Extranodal Lymphoma) Dr.Argha BaruahUnusual type and site of Lymphoma(Extranodal Lymphoma) Dr.Argha Baruah
Unusual type and site of Lymphoma(Extranodal Lymphoma) Dr.Argha BaruahArgha Baruah
 
Molecular profiling of breast cancer
Molecular profiling of breast cancerMolecular profiling of breast cancer
Molecular profiling of breast cancerdhanya89
 
Immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of soft tissue tumours seminar
Immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of soft tissue tumours seminarImmunohistochemistry in diagnosis of soft tissue tumours seminar
Immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of soft tissue tumours seminarPannaga Kumar
 
The bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology
The bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology The bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology
The bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology dhanya89
 
Molecular diagnostics of colorectal cancer
Molecular diagnostics   of colorectal cancerMolecular diagnostics   of colorectal cancer
Molecular diagnostics of colorectal cancerAddisu Alemu
 
Mediastinal tumors
Mediastinal tumorsMediastinal tumors
Mediastinal tumorsIsha Jaiswal
 
Cancer of unknown primary: Knowing the unknown
Cancer of unknown primary: Knowing the unknownCancer of unknown primary: Knowing the unknown
Cancer of unknown primary: Knowing the unknownMary Ondinee Manalo Igot
 
Small round cell_tumor_DR NARMADA
Small round cell_tumor_DR NARMADASmall round cell_tumor_DR NARMADA
Small round cell_tumor_DR NARMADANarmada Tiwari
 
Adnexal tumours of the skin and familial syndromes.
Adnexal tumours of the skin and familial syndromes.Adnexal tumours of the skin and familial syndromes.
Adnexal tumours of the skin and familial syndromes.namrathrs87
 
Soft tissue tumours
Soft tissue tumours Soft tissue tumours
Soft tissue tumours Usman Shams
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Thymoma
ThymomaThymoma
Thymoma
 
Thymic epithelial tumours and recent updates
Thymic epithelial tumours and recent updatesThymic epithelial tumours and recent updates
Thymic epithelial tumours and recent updates
 
Unusual type and site of Lymphoma(Extranodal Lymphoma) Dr.Argha Baruah
Unusual type and site of Lymphoma(Extranodal Lymphoma) Dr.Argha BaruahUnusual type and site of Lymphoma(Extranodal Lymphoma) Dr.Argha Baruah
Unusual type and site of Lymphoma(Extranodal Lymphoma) Dr.Argha Baruah
 
Molecular profiling of breast cancer
Molecular profiling of breast cancerMolecular profiling of breast cancer
Molecular profiling of breast cancer
 
Liquid Biopsy
Liquid BiopsyLiquid Biopsy
Liquid Biopsy
 
Phyllodes Tumour
Phyllodes TumourPhyllodes Tumour
Phyllodes Tumour
 
Immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of soft tissue tumours seminar
Immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of soft tissue tumours seminarImmunohistochemistry in diagnosis of soft tissue tumours seminar
Immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of soft tissue tumours seminar
 
The bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology
The bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology The bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology
The bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology
 
Soft tissue tumor
Soft tissue tumorSoft tissue tumor
Soft tissue tumor
 
GLEASON SCORING
GLEASON SCORINGGLEASON SCORING
GLEASON SCORING
 
Molecular diagnostics of colorectal cancer
Molecular diagnostics   of colorectal cancerMolecular diagnostics   of colorectal cancer
Molecular diagnostics of colorectal cancer
 
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
Pseudomyxoma peritoneiPseudomyxoma peritonei
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
 
Mediastinal tumors
Mediastinal tumorsMediastinal tumors
Mediastinal tumors
 
Cancer of unknown primary: Knowing the unknown
Cancer of unknown primary: Knowing the unknownCancer of unknown primary: Knowing the unknown
Cancer of unknown primary: Knowing the unknown
 
Small round cell_tumor_DR NARMADA
Small round cell_tumor_DR NARMADASmall round cell_tumor_DR NARMADA
Small round cell_tumor_DR NARMADA
 
Gist
GistGist
Gist
 
Yokohama system cytology
Yokohama system cytologyYokohama system cytology
Yokohama system cytology
 
THYROID MALIGNANCIES
THYROID MALIGNANCIESTHYROID MALIGNANCIES
THYROID MALIGNANCIES
 
Adnexal tumours of the skin and familial syndromes.
Adnexal tumours of the skin and familial syndromes.Adnexal tumours of the skin and familial syndromes.
Adnexal tumours of the skin and familial syndromes.
 
Soft tissue tumours
Soft tissue tumours Soft tissue tumours
Soft tissue tumours
 

Andere mochten auch

Mediastinum masses
Mediastinum massesMediastinum masses
Mediastinum massesNavdeep Shah
 
mediastinal tumors investigations
mediastinal tumors   investigationsmediastinal tumors   investigations
mediastinal tumors investigationsArnab Bose
 
Mediastinal tumor
Mediastinal tumorMediastinal tumor
Mediastinal tumorIsa Basuki
 
Mediastnum ppt
Mediastnum pptMediastnum ppt
Mediastnum pptjyomita
 
Capitolul mediastin
Capitolul mediastinCapitolul mediastin
Capitolul mediastindanduma
 
SWU CXR interpretation
SWU  CXR interpretationSWU  CXR interpretation
SWU CXR interpretationvora kun
 
Mediastinal Mass
Mediastinal MassMediastinal Mass
Mediastinal Massldoan
 
mediastinal imaging and masses
mediastinal imaging and massesmediastinal imaging and masses
mediastinal imaging and massesArun Singh
 
Anatomy of mediastinum and its disorders
Anatomy of mediastinum and its disordersAnatomy of mediastinum and its disorders
Anatomy of mediastinum and its disordersGIREESH G
 
24 anterior mediastinal lesions on computed tomography
24 anterior mediastinal lesions on computed tomography24 anterior mediastinal lesions on computed tomography
24 anterior mediastinal lesions on computed tomographyDr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
 
Lung mediastinal tumors_mbbs
Lung mediastinal tumors_mbbs Lung mediastinal tumors_mbbs
Lung mediastinal tumors_mbbs Dr.Manish Kumar
 
Classification and diagnostic approach to fnac of mediastinal
Classification and diagnostic approach to fnac of mediastinalClassification and diagnostic approach to fnac of mediastinal
Classification and diagnostic approach to fnac of mediastinalIndira Shastry
 
Biliary pathologies
Biliary pathologiesBiliary pathologies
Biliary pathologiesNavdeep Shah
 
Haemophagocytic Syndrome
Haemophagocytic SyndromeHaemophagocytic Syndrome
Haemophagocytic Syndrome軒名 林
 

Andere mochten auch (20)

Mediastinum masses
Mediastinum massesMediastinum masses
Mediastinum masses
 
mediastinal tumors investigations
mediastinal tumors   investigationsmediastinal tumors   investigations
mediastinal tumors investigations
 
Mediastinal tumor
Mediastinal tumorMediastinal tumor
Mediastinal tumor
 
A Case of Mediastinal Mass
A Case of Mediastinal MassA Case of Mediastinal Mass
A Case of Mediastinal Mass
 
Mediastnum ppt
Mediastnum pptMediastnum ppt
Mediastnum ppt
 
Capitolul mediastin
Capitolul mediastinCapitolul mediastin
Capitolul mediastin
 
Mediastinul
MediastinulMediastinul
Mediastinul
 
SWU CXR interpretation
SWU  CXR interpretationSWU  CXR interpretation
SWU CXR interpretation
 
Mediastinal Mass
Mediastinal MassMediastinal Mass
Mediastinal Mass
 
Mediastinal tumors
Mediastinal tumorsMediastinal tumors
Mediastinal tumors
 
mediastinal imaging and masses
mediastinal imaging and massesmediastinal imaging and masses
mediastinal imaging and masses
 
Anatomy of mediastinum and its disorders
Anatomy of mediastinum and its disordersAnatomy of mediastinum and its disorders
Anatomy of mediastinum and its disorders
 
24 anterior mediastinal lesions on computed tomography
24 anterior mediastinal lesions on computed tomography24 anterior mediastinal lesions on computed tomography
24 anterior mediastinal lesions on computed tomography
 
Lung mediastinal tumors_mbbs
Lung mediastinal tumors_mbbs Lung mediastinal tumors_mbbs
Lung mediastinal tumors_mbbs
 
Human papiloma virus
Human papiloma virusHuman papiloma virus
Human papiloma virus
 
Mediastinal tumors
Mediastinal tumorsMediastinal tumors
Mediastinal tumors
 
Anatomie: Pleura
Anatomie: PleuraAnatomie: Pleura
Anatomie: Pleura
 
Classification and diagnostic approach to fnac of mediastinal
Classification and diagnostic approach to fnac of mediastinalClassification and diagnostic approach to fnac of mediastinal
Classification and diagnostic approach to fnac of mediastinal
 
Biliary pathologies
Biliary pathologiesBiliary pathologies
Biliary pathologies
 
Haemophagocytic Syndrome
Haemophagocytic SyndromeHaemophagocytic Syndrome
Haemophagocytic Syndrome
 

Ähnlich wie Pathology of mediastinal masses

Pathology_of_Mediastinal_Mass_ppt.pdf
Pathology_of_Mediastinal_Mass_ppt.pdfPathology_of_Mediastinal_Mass_ppt.pdf
Pathology_of_Mediastinal_Mass_ppt.pdfsusandhm
 
Mediastinal syndrome
Mediastinal  syndromeMediastinal  syndrome
Mediastinal syndromeTai Alakawy
 
Tumors of the Lung and Surgery of Mediastinum
Tumors of the Lung and Surgery of MediastinumTumors of the Lung and Surgery of Mediastinum
Tumors of the Lung and Surgery of MediastinumMuhammad Eimaduddin
 
Non hodgkin's lymphoma
Non hodgkin's lymphomaNon hodgkin's lymphoma
Non hodgkin's lymphomarahulverma1194
 
MEDIASTINAL MASSES & THYMOMAS.ppt
MEDIASTINAL MASSES & THYMOMAS.pptMEDIASTINAL MASSES & THYMOMAS.ppt
MEDIASTINAL MASSES & THYMOMAS.pptAndrea Solares
 
Retroperitoneal tumors
Retroperitoneal tumors Retroperitoneal tumors
Retroperitoneal tumors Vinod Badavath
 
Retroperitoneal masses
Retroperitoneal masses Retroperitoneal masses
Retroperitoneal masses Milan Silwal
 
Gastric, pulmonary, brest carcinoma
Gastric, pulmonary, brest carcinomaGastric, pulmonary, brest carcinoma
Gastric, pulmonary, brest carcinomanizhgma.ru
 
Surgical oncology ( malignancies )
Surgical oncology  ( malignancies )Surgical oncology  ( malignancies )
Surgical oncology ( malignancies )Hristo Rahman
 
Neoplasia basics ! first lecture !
Neoplasia basics ! first lecture !Neoplasia basics ! first lecture !
Neoplasia basics ! first lecture !Ejaz Waris
 
FEMALE GENITAL SYSTEM: INVASIVE CERVICAL CANCER & ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA
FEMALE GENITAL SYSTEM: INVASIVE CERVICAL CANCER & ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMAFEMALE GENITAL SYSTEM: INVASIVE CERVICAL CANCER & ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA
FEMALE GENITAL SYSTEM: INVASIVE CERVICAL CANCER & ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMADr. Roopam Jain
 
Approach to CNS tumors Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
Approach to CNS tumors Dr. Muhammad Bin ZulfiqarApproach to CNS tumors Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
Approach to CNS tumors Dr. Muhammad Bin ZulfiqarDr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
 

Ähnlich wie Pathology of mediastinal masses (20)

Pathology_of_Mediastinal_Mass_ppt.pdf
Pathology_of_Mediastinal_Mass_ppt.pdfPathology_of_Mediastinal_Mass_ppt.pdf
Pathology_of_Mediastinal_Mass_ppt.pdf
 
Mediastinal syndrome
Mediastinal  syndromeMediastinal  syndrome
Mediastinal syndrome
 
Thymic tumors kiran
Thymic tumors kiranThymic tumors kiran
Thymic tumors kiran
 
Tumors of the Lung and Surgery of Mediastinum
Tumors of the Lung and Surgery of MediastinumTumors of the Lung and Surgery of Mediastinum
Tumors of the Lung and Surgery of Mediastinum
 
tumors.pdf
tumors.pdftumors.pdf
tumors.pdf
 
Non hodgkin's lymphoma
Non hodgkin's lymphomaNon hodgkin's lymphoma
Non hodgkin's lymphoma
 
MEDIASTINAL MASSES & THYMOMAS.ppt
MEDIASTINAL MASSES & THYMOMAS.pptMEDIASTINAL MASSES & THYMOMAS.ppt
MEDIASTINAL MASSES & THYMOMAS.ppt
 
Retroperitoneal tumors
Retroperitoneal tumors Retroperitoneal tumors
Retroperitoneal tumors
 
Neoplasia
NeoplasiaNeoplasia
Neoplasia
 
Oncology
OncologyOncology
Oncology
 
Retroperitoneal masses
Retroperitoneal masses Retroperitoneal masses
Retroperitoneal masses
 
Neoplasia - Patholgy
Neoplasia - Patholgy Neoplasia - Patholgy
Neoplasia - Patholgy
 
Gastric, pulmonary, brest carcinoma
Gastric, pulmonary, brest carcinomaGastric, pulmonary, brest carcinoma
Gastric, pulmonary, brest carcinoma
 
Surgical oncology ( malignancies )
Surgical oncology  ( malignancies )Surgical oncology  ( malignancies )
Surgical oncology ( malignancies )
 
Neoplasia basics ! first lecture !
Neoplasia basics ! first lecture !Neoplasia basics ! first lecture !
Neoplasia basics ! first lecture !
 
Primary pulmonary neoplasm
Primary pulmonary neoplasmPrimary pulmonary neoplasm
Primary pulmonary neoplasm
 
FEMALE GENITAL SYSTEM: INVASIVE CERVICAL CANCER & ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA
FEMALE GENITAL SYSTEM: INVASIVE CERVICAL CANCER & ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMAFEMALE GENITAL SYSTEM: INVASIVE CERVICAL CANCER & ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA
FEMALE GENITAL SYSTEM: INVASIVE CERVICAL CANCER & ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA
 
Testicular tumours
Testicular tumoursTesticular tumours
Testicular tumours
 
6253201.ppt
6253201.ppt6253201.ppt
6253201.ppt
 
Approach to CNS tumors Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
Approach to CNS tumors Dr. Muhammad Bin ZulfiqarApproach to CNS tumors Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
Approach to CNS tumors Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
 

Mehr von Osama Elzaafarany, MD.

Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme: Recent updates; evidence-based medic...
Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme: Recent updates; evidence-based medic...Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme: Recent updates; evidence-based medic...
Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme: Recent updates; evidence-based medic...Osama Elzaafarany, MD.
 
The Magnitude of Benefit from Adding Taxanes to Anthracyclines in the Adjuvan...
The Magnitude of Benefit from Adding Taxanes to Anthracyclines in the Adjuvan...The Magnitude of Benefit from Adding Taxanes to Anthracyclines in the Adjuvan...
The Magnitude of Benefit from Adding Taxanes to Anthracyclines in the Adjuvan...Osama Elzaafarany, MD.
 
Guidelines for Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting
Guidelines for Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and VomitingGuidelines for Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting
Guidelines for Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and VomitingOsama Elzaafarany, MD.
 
Adding Trastuzumab to Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer.
Adding Trastuzumab to Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer.Adding Trastuzumab to Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer.
Adding Trastuzumab to Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer.Osama Elzaafarany, MD.
 
Metastatic prostate cancer.. a guide for treatment choice
Metastatic prostate cancer.. a guide for treatment choiceMetastatic prostate cancer.. a guide for treatment choice
Metastatic prostate cancer.. a guide for treatment choiceOsama Elzaafarany, MD.
 
High grade glioma, standard of care & new advances..
High grade glioma, standard of care & new advances.. High grade glioma, standard of care & new advances..
High grade glioma, standard of care & new advances.. Osama Elzaafarany, MD.
 
Retinoblastoma, brief overview, June 2013
Retinoblastoma, brief overview, June 2013Retinoblastoma, brief overview, June 2013
Retinoblastoma, brief overview, June 2013Osama Elzaafarany, MD.
 

Mehr von Osama Elzaafarany, MD. (18)

Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme: Recent updates; evidence-based medic...
Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme: Recent updates; evidence-based medic...Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme: Recent updates; evidence-based medic...
Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme: Recent updates; evidence-based medic...
 
The Magnitude of Benefit from Adding Taxanes to Anthracyclines in the Adjuvan...
The Magnitude of Benefit from Adding Taxanes to Anthracyclines in the Adjuvan...The Magnitude of Benefit from Adding Taxanes to Anthracyclines in the Adjuvan...
The Magnitude of Benefit from Adding Taxanes to Anthracyclines in the Adjuvan...
 
Guidelines for Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting
Guidelines for Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and VomitingGuidelines for Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting
Guidelines for Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting
 
Adding Trastuzumab to Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer.
Adding Trastuzumab to Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer.Adding Trastuzumab to Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer.
Adding Trastuzumab to Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer.
 
Non-melanoma skin cancer
Non-melanoma skin cancerNon-melanoma skin cancer
Non-melanoma skin cancer
 
Osteosarcoma
OsteosarcomaOsteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma
 
Oesophageal cancer osama
Oesophageal cancer osamaOesophageal cancer osama
Oesophageal cancer osama
 
Anal Cancer
Anal CancerAnal Cancer
Anal Cancer
 
Small cell lung cancer
Small cell lung cancerSmall cell lung cancer
Small cell lung cancer
 
Metastatic prostate cancer.. a guide for treatment choice
Metastatic prostate cancer.. a guide for treatment choiceMetastatic prostate cancer.. a guide for treatment choice
Metastatic prostate cancer.. a guide for treatment choice
 
Salivary glands cancer
Salivary glands cancerSalivary glands cancer
Salivary glands cancer
 
High grade glioma, standard of care & new advances..
High grade glioma, standard of care & new advances.. High grade glioma, standard of care & new advances..
High grade glioma, standard of care & new advances..
 
Sino nasal malignancies
Sino nasal malignanciesSino nasal malignancies
Sino nasal malignancies
 
Locally advanced breast cancer
Locally advanced breast cancerLocally advanced breast cancer
Locally advanced breast cancer
 
Obesity and Breast cancer
Obesity and Breast cancer Obesity and Breast cancer
Obesity and Breast cancer
 
Retroperiton masses
Retroperiton massesRetroperiton masses
Retroperiton masses
 
Interpretation of pathology report
Interpretation of pathology reportInterpretation of pathology report
Interpretation of pathology report
 
Retinoblastoma, brief overview, June 2013
Retinoblastoma, brief overview, June 2013Retinoblastoma, brief overview, June 2013
Retinoblastoma, brief overview, June 2013
 

Último

Ayurveda research in Hypothyroidism, P
Ayurveda  research  in Hypothyroidism, PAyurveda  research  in Hypothyroidism, P
Ayurveda research in Hypothyroidism, PDr.Shalu Jain
 
INTRODUCTION TO THE FORENSIC SCIENCE.ppt
INTRODUCTION TO THE FORENSIC SCIENCE.pptINTRODUCTION TO THE FORENSIC SCIENCE.ppt
INTRODUCTION TO THE FORENSIC SCIENCE.pptKavitha Krishnan
 
ANTIPERSPIRANTS AND DEODORANTS : MECHANISM OF ACTION
ANTIPERSPIRANTS AND DEODORANTS : MECHANISM OF ACTIONANTIPERSPIRANTS AND DEODORANTS : MECHANISM OF ACTION
ANTIPERSPIRANTS AND DEODORANTS : MECHANISM OF ACTIONojaswinihemane
 
Substance use disorder (drug addict ), Addiction
Substance use disorder (drug addict ), AddictionSubstance use disorder (drug addict ), Addiction
Substance use disorder (drug addict ), AddictionZeinabEmad3
 
Histology of lymph node(lymph node histology)
Histology of lymph node(lymph node histology)Histology of lymph node(lymph node histology)
Histology of lymph node(lymph node histology)pranavguleria2
 
Explaining "pathology" in digital pathology
Explaining "pathology" in digital pathologyExplaining "pathology" in digital pathology
Explaining "pathology" in digital pathologyYves Sucaet
 
CANCER SeminarCancer Overview Type of Cancer.pptx
CANCER SeminarCancer Overview  Type of Cancer.pptxCANCER SeminarCancer Overview  Type of Cancer.pptx
CANCER SeminarCancer Overview Type of Cancer.pptxMrStavanUdayKadam
 
Reproductive and Child Health Services ppt.pptx
Reproductive and Child Health Services ppt.pptxReproductive and Child Health Services ppt.pptx
Reproductive and Child Health Services ppt.pptxVeereshDemashetti
 
Problems associated with the production of recombinant protein.pdf
Problems associated with the production of recombinant protein.pdfProblems associated with the production of recombinant protein.pdf
Problems associated with the production of recombinant protein.pdfNetHelix
 
Tracheostomy .pdf ENT by QuickMedTALK. getting things done on time
Tracheostomy .pdf ENT by QuickMedTALK. getting things done on timeTracheostomy .pdf ENT by QuickMedTALK. getting things done on time
Tracheostomy .pdf ENT by QuickMedTALK. getting things done on timeQuick MedTalk
 
airway management recorded for S2.pptx
airway management  recorded  for S2.pptxairway management  recorded  for S2.pptx
airway management recorded for S2.pptxnakera38
 
HDT Unit 2: Nutraceuticals Global Market Overview And Growth Of Nutraceutical...
HDT Unit 2: Nutraceuticals Global Market Overview And Growth Of Nutraceutical...HDT Unit 2: Nutraceuticals Global Market Overview And Growth Of Nutraceutical...
HDT Unit 2: Nutraceuticals Global Market Overview And Growth Of Nutraceutical...Genesis Institute of Pharmacy, Radhanagari.
 
Ovarian tumors Lecture notes for MBBS.pptx
Ovarian tumors Lecture notes for MBBS.pptxOvarian tumors Lecture notes for MBBS.pptx
Ovarian tumors Lecture notes for MBBS.pptxSizan Thapa
 
EMBRYOLOGY AND FOETAL DEVELOPMENT-mayu.pdf
EMBRYOLOGY AND FOETAL DEVELOPMENT-mayu.pdfEMBRYOLOGY AND FOETAL DEVELOPMENT-mayu.pdf
EMBRYOLOGY AND FOETAL DEVELOPMENT-mayu.pdfMayuriGamit2
 
CELL BLOCK PREPARATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE
CELL BLOCK PREPARATION AND ITS IMPORTANCECELL BLOCK PREPARATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE
CELL BLOCK PREPARATION AND ITS IMPORTANCEShubhadip Ghosh
 
clean rooms and its classification .pptx
clean rooms and its classification .pptxclean rooms and its classification .pptx
clean rooms and its classification .pptxushakiranmai4
 
TARGET DELINEATION IN RECTUM CANCER BY DR KANHU
TARGET DELINEATION IN RECTUM  CANCER BY DR KANHUTARGET DELINEATION IN RECTUM  CANCER BY DR KANHU
TARGET DELINEATION IN RECTUM CANCER BY DR KANHUKanhu Charan
 
SGK VIÊM KHỚP DẠNG THẤP YHN .pdf
SGK VIÊM KHỚP DẠNG THẤP YHN              .pdfSGK VIÊM KHỚP DẠNG THẤP YHN              .pdf
SGK VIÊM KHỚP DẠNG THẤP YHN .pdfHongBiThi1
 
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 12032019 TUESDAY pptx
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 12032019 TUESDAY  pptxHERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 12032019 TUESDAY  pptx
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 12032019 TUESDAY pptxPulkitMittal54
 

Último (20)

Catalysts for Change in SCLC: Optimizing the Use of Standard Therapies and Ac...
Catalysts for Change in SCLC: Optimizing the Use of Standard Therapies and Ac...Catalysts for Change in SCLC: Optimizing the Use of Standard Therapies and Ac...
Catalysts for Change in SCLC: Optimizing the Use of Standard Therapies and Ac...
 
Ayurveda research in Hypothyroidism, P
Ayurveda  research  in Hypothyroidism, PAyurveda  research  in Hypothyroidism, P
Ayurveda research in Hypothyroidism, P
 
INTRODUCTION TO THE FORENSIC SCIENCE.ppt
INTRODUCTION TO THE FORENSIC SCIENCE.pptINTRODUCTION TO THE FORENSIC SCIENCE.ppt
INTRODUCTION TO THE FORENSIC SCIENCE.ppt
 
ANTIPERSPIRANTS AND DEODORANTS : MECHANISM OF ACTION
ANTIPERSPIRANTS AND DEODORANTS : MECHANISM OF ACTIONANTIPERSPIRANTS AND DEODORANTS : MECHANISM OF ACTION
ANTIPERSPIRANTS AND DEODORANTS : MECHANISM OF ACTION
 
Substance use disorder (drug addict ), Addiction
Substance use disorder (drug addict ), AddictionSubstance use disorder (drug addict ), Addiction
Substance use disorder (drug addict ), Addiction
 
Histology of lymph node(lymph node histology)
Histology of lymph node(lymph node histology)Histology of lymph node(lymph node histology)
Histology of lymph node(lymph node histology)
 
Explaining "pathology" in digital pathology
Explaining "pathology" in digital pathologyExplaining "pathology" in digital pathology
Explaining "pathology" in digital pathology
 
CANCER SeminarCancer Overview Type of Cancer.pptx
CANCER SeminarCancer Overview  Type of Cancer.pptxCANCER SeminarCancer Overview  Type of Cancer.pptx
CANCER SeminarCancer Overview Type of Cancer.pptx
 
Reproductive and Child Health Services ppt.pptx
Reproductive and Child Health Services ppt.pptxReproductive and Child Health Services ppt.pptx
Reproductive and Child Health Services ppt.pptx
 
Problems associated with the production of recombinant protein.pdf
Problems associated with the production of recombinant protein.pdfProblems associated with the production of recombinant protein.pdf
Problems associated with the production of recombinant protein.pdf
 
Tracheostomy .pdf ENT by QuickMedTALK. getting things done on time
Tracheostomy .pdf ENT by QuickMedTALK. getting things done on timeTracheostomy .pdf ENT by QuickMedTALK. getting things done on time
Tracheostomy .pdf ENT by QuickMedTALK. getting things done on time
 
airway management recorded for S2.pptx
airway management  recorded  for S2.pptxairway management  recorded  for S2.pptx
airway management recorded for S2.pptx
 
HDT Unit 2: Nutraceuticals Global Market Overview And Growth Of Nutraceutical...
HDT Unit 2: Nutraceuticals Global Market Overview And Growth Of Nutraceutical...HDT Unit 2: Nutraceuticals Global Market Overview And Growth Of Nutraceutical...
HDT Unit 2: Nutraceuticals Global Market Overview And Growth Of Nutraceutical...
 
Ovarian tumors Lecture notes for MBBS.pptx
Ovarian tumors Lecture notes for MBBS.pptxOvarian tumors Lecture notes for MBBS.pptx
Ovarian tumors Lecture notes for MBBS.pptx
 
EMBRYOLOGY AND FOETAL DEVELOPMENT-mayu.pdf
EMBRYOLOGY AND FOETAL DEVELOPMENT-mayu.pdfEMBRYOLOGY AND FOETAL DEVELOPMENT-mayu.pdf
EMBRYOLOGY AND FOETAL DEVELOPMENT-mayu.pdf
 
CELL BLOCK PREPARATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE
CELL BLOCK PREPARATION AND ITS IMPORTANCECELL BLOCK PREPARATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE
CELL BLOCK PREPARATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE
 
clean rooms and its classification .pptx
clean rooms and its classification .pptxclean rooms and its classification .pptx
clean rooms and its classification .pptx
 
TARGET DELINEATION IN RECTUM CANCER BY DR KANHU
TARGET DELINEATION IN RECTUM  CANCER BY DR KANHUTARGET DELINEATION IN RECTUM  CANCER BY DR KANHU
TARGET DELINEATION IN RECTUM CANCER BY DR KANHU
 
SGK VIÊM KHỚP DẠNG THẤP YHN .pdf
SGK VIÊM KHỚP DẠNG THẤP YHN              .pdfSGK VIÊM KHỚP DẠNG THẤP YHN              .pdf
SGK VIÊM KHỚP DẠNG THẤP YHN .pdf
 
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 12032019 TUESDAY pptx
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 12032019 TUESDAY  pptxHERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 12032019 TUESDAY  pptx
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 12032019 TUESDAY pptx
 

Pathology of mediastinal masses