Nose to Brain Drug Delivery System

1. WELCOME

2. A REVIEW ON NOSE TO BRAIN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
A Project Report Submitted For Semester VIII of Final Year Bachelor of Pharmacy
SUBMITED BY
Mr.Omkar Ashok Babar
(Final Year B. Pharmacy)
PRN No- 1954711823026
UNDER GUIDANCE OF
Miss. Vaishnavi S. Sake
M.Pharma (Pharmaceutics)
SDF’s Saikrupa Institute of Pharmacy, Ghargaon,
Ahmednagar-413728

3.  Content
1. Introduction
2. Advantages
3. Limitations
4. Aim & Objective
5. Plan Of Work
6. Comparison Table
7. Nasal Anatomy and physiology
8. Mechanism of Nose to Brain Drug Delivery System
9. Excipients Used in Nasal Formulation
10. Nasal Formulation
11. Conclusion
12. Reference

4. Introduction
1. Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) maintains the CNS homeostasis and
restricts many toxic material fromentering into the brain
2. BBB is the major obstacle to the delivery of therapeutics into
the CNS
3. Nasal route Nose-to-brain drug delivery allows the direct
transport of therapeutic molecules by bypassing the BBB and
increases drug concentration in the brain.
4. provides a non invasive method to bypass BBB and blood-
cerebrospinal fluid , can be used to deliver synthetic as well as
biologics like peptides, proteins, viral vectors and even stem
cells

5. Advantages of Nasal Drug Delivery System
1. Speedy drug absorption.
2. Fast onset of action.
3. First – pass metabolism is absent.
4. The bioavailability of larger drug molecules will be improved by means that
of absorption enhancer or other approach.
5. Higher nasal bioavailability for smaller drug molecules.
6. Massive nasal tissue layer extent for dose absorption
7. Speedy drug absorption via extremely vascularized mucosa
8. Direct transport into blood circulation and CNS is feasible.
9. Improved convenience and compliance.
10. Self-administration

6. Limitations
1. Dose is restricted due to comparatively tiny space offered for the
absorption of drug.
2. Time offered for drug absorption is restricted.
3. Pathological condition of nose impairs drug absorption.
4. Absorption extent is a smaller amount when put next to stinker.
5. Nasal irritation
6. Surfactants used as chemical enhancers could disrupt and even dissolve
Membrane in high concentration.
7. Not feasible for high molecular weight more than 1kDa
8. Drug permeability may alter due to ciliary movement
9. Drug permeability is limited due to enzymatic inhibition
10. Exact mechanism is not yet clearly known.

7. Aim and Objective
Aim :
The overall aims of this thesis were to study the factors influencing nose
to brain drug delivery system and implications for nasal absorption.
Objective :
The Aim of present review highlights transport of drug in nose to brain
via olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathway by passing blood brain barrier
(BBB). Nose to brain drug delivery has received a great deal of attention as a
non-invasive, convenient and reliable drug delivery system for the systemic
and targeted administration of drugs.

8. Plan Work
 Introduction
 Study of Experimental Work
 Study of Excipient profile
 Study of Mechanism Of Action
 Study of Nasal Formulation

9. Parameters Nasal Oral Parenteral Transdermal
Targeted
delivery
Yes No Yes Yes
Patient
compliance
High High Low Low
Pain at the
site of
administratio
No No Yes No
Higher
plasma drug
level
Yes No Yes Yes
Mucosal
irritation
No Yes No Yes
Self-
administratio
n
Yes Yes No Yes
Rapid onset Yes No Yes Yes
BBB and CSF
bypass
Yes No No No
Comparison Table

10. Nasal Anatomy and physiology
 Nasal cavity is lined with hair and secretion layer.
 The total volume of human nasal cavity is 15 to 20 ml and surface
area is 150 cm2
 The nasal cavity is divided into 4 areas and the name are:
1. Nasal vestibule
2. Atrium
3. Respiratory area
4. Olfactory area

11. MECHANISM OF NOSE TO BRAIN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
 There are two main pathways, trans cellular and paracellular pathway.
 In transcellular pathway, the passive diffusion or active transport through
the cell or via carriers such as p glycoprotein is included. And for the
influx or efflux of anions, organic cations, and peptides the transporters
are responsible.
 And In paracellular pathway, the drug taken through the tight junction of
the nasal epithelial cells. These tight junctions ensure the regular
transport of drug molecules through the paracellular space but also the
mechanical cohesion between the epithelial cell
 Paracellular route is for the hydrophilic drugs
 and transcellular route is for the lipophilic drugs.

12. EXCIPIENTS USED IN NASAL FORMULATION
1. Mucoadhesive Excipients (Carbopol, CMC, Chitosan)
2. Absorption Enhancers (Laureth 9 sulphate, CD, Bile salts, surfactants)
3. Preservatives (Chlorobutol, hydroxybenzoate, chlorocresol)
4. Surface protein ( cell penetrating peptides- LMWP)
5. Enzyme inhibitors (Camostat)
6. Modulators of tight junction ( chitosan)

13. NASAL FORMULATIONS
Name of
product
company Dosage form Active
ingredient
disease
Onzetra™ Optinose powder Sumatriptan Migraine
Zomig Astra Zeneca
pharmaceuti
cals
Nasal spray Zolmitriptan Acute
migraine
Narcan Adapt
Pharma
Nasal spray Naloxone
hydrochlorid
e
Opioid
overdose

14. Nasal Powder Nasal gel
Nasal drop
Nasal spray

15. Conclusion
 For the development of nasal formulation, one has to understand the
function of blood brain barrier and the unique structure of respiratory
region and the olfactory region of nose
 Appenaches for nasal drug delivery like nanoemulsion It use för
nusalformulation which leads to cross blood brain barrier and specific
targeting in brain.
 Any delivery systems developed should have no significant impact,
short or long term, on the functions of the brain.

16. REFERENCES
1. Mayur M. Patel, Bhoomika M. Patel. Crossing the Blood–Brain Barrier:
Recent Advances in Drug Delivery to the Brain. Springer International
Publishing Switzerland 2017;31:109–133
2. Zian Wang, Guojun Xiong, Wai Chun Tsang, Andreas G. Schätzlein, and
Ijeoma F. Uchegbu. Nose-to-Brain Delivery. J Pharmacol Exp Ther
2019;370:593–601.
3. Mukta Agrawala , Swarnlata Sarafb , Shailendra Sarafb,c , Sophia G.
Antimisiarisd,e , Mahavir Bhupal Chougulef,g,h , Sunday A. Shoyelei ,
Amit Alexandera. Nose-to-brain drug delivery: An update on clinical
challenges and progress towards approval of anti-Alzheimer drugs.
Journal of Controlled Release 2018;281:139-177
4. Lochhead, J.J.Thorne, R.G. Intranasal delivery of biologics to the
central nervous system. Adv. Drug Delivery. Rev. 2012;64:614–628,

17. THANK YOU