Real-Time Simulator: a Complementary Tool for Advanced Relay Testing Laboratory, by OPAL-RT

1. HYPERSIM Features
Applied for Protective Relay Testing

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Content
• The benefits of using a real-time simulator
• What is HYPERSIM?
• Introduction to communication protocol IEC 61850
• Example of an application: relay testing

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Content
• The benefits of using a real-time simulator
• What is HYPERSIM?
• Introduction to communication protocol IEC 61850
• Example of an application: relay testing

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Traditional Testing Approach
• Open-loop testing
• Playback EMT simulation
or
• Replay the field-recorded data
• Omicron, Doble, Megger test sets
• Example:
• Set a fixed voltage and ramp up current from 0 until relay operates
• Repeat such a test for several operating points
But real-time simulators are used by advanced
testing laboratories for complex cases and developing/testing
new relay algorithms using new technologies…
This is a good and proven method for
most “traditional” and “easy” cases

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What are the New Challenges for
Protection Relay Testing?
• New and More Complex Applications
• More complex distribution network: smart grids, micro grids, distributed
generation …
• More and faster power electronic systems
• on transmission and distribution system
• with fast control and protections systems which may interact with conventional
protection relays
• Increased number of relay functionalities
• More complex relay characteristics and algorithms
• Interactions with communication protocols and systems
• New protocols : IEC-61850, MMS, C37.118, DNP3, ...
• New types of equipment installed : merging units, PDC, ...
• Vendors have different operating philosophies and algorithms and interpret
communication protocols differently
• Integration with Wide-Area control and protection systems (SPS)

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Real-Time Simulator: a Complementary Tool for
Advanced Relay Testing Laboratory
• Relay test set are used
• For setting the relay and to make basic tests
• Dedicated Waveform playback systems are used
• To test relay performance under more realistic conditions
• To test the impact of harmonic and electromagnetic transients
• By using previously generated waveforms using
• EMTP-RV, PSCAD, SPS and other off-line EMT tools
• or real-time simulators interfaced or not with power electronic controllers
• Real-Time Simulator are used
• To generate waveforms with and without actual control equipment
• To play back waveforms like dedicated playback systems
• To perform more advanced integration tests
• with better interaction with test engineers for optimization and troubleshooting
• with external control, protection and communication equipment in the loop

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Why Using a Simulator?
• To make more tests in less time with detailed EMT analysis and
testing
• To increase testing speed for complex cases as compare to waveform playback
technique
• Closed-loop testing : response of the IED under test is fed back
into the simulator and possibly affects the simulation
• Evaluate relay performance under critical conditions while it is in
service closed to power electronic systems
• Analyze interactions between relays and power electronic equipment such as
HVDC, FACTS, Wind turbines, PVs, …
• Develop and prototype new protection algorithm (RCP)
• Study complex protection schemes (SPS)
• Analyze interaction of real and virtual relays and their behavior altogether
• Analyze influence of communication delays and failures (SCADA)

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What are the Benefits?
• Purchase the best protection relay products for a given
application
• Make sure the selected equipment is operating correctly
• Best performance (time to operate)
• Best security (does not operate when it should not)
• Analyze any problem efficiently and in great detail
• Identify abnormal behaviour of power system or protection and
control equipment
• Conveniently study the relay performance for more contingencies
in a shorter time frame
• Design and testing Wide-Area Special Protection and Control
Systems (SPS) involving interaction between several local and
global control and protection systems

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Content
• The benefits of using a real-time simulator
• What is HYPERSIM?
• Introduction to communication protocol IEC 61850
• Example of an application: relay testing

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OPAL-RT Solutions
Cover a Wide Range of Applications
HYPERSIM is a high-performance EMT simulator for large power systems
Fast Power Electronics
STATCOM, MMC, …
EMT Simulation
Wide Area Stability

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Some HYPERSIM Features …
• Models
• Simulate large grids with loads, generators, transformers, lines, motors, ...
• Simulate complex power electronic converters
• Simulate CT, PT
• Simulate virtual IEDs and protection schemes
• Relay functions library
• Customizable and flexible software
• Import network and control models from EMTP-RV and MATLAB Simulink
• Create your own function library through writing C-code, Simulink functions or
by using existing HYPERSIM blocks to make subsystems and save them to reuse
them later on
• Broad spectrum of drivers and protocols already supported
• Capability to support many of customer’s own drivers or other existing protocols

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Some HYPERSIM Features …
• Simulate various type of faults and of power disturbances
• Fault location, fault type and fault interception
• Apparatus internal fault
• Communication failure
• Test automation and database management
• Automate test sequences and results analysis (TestView module)
• Scripting and macro recording
• Perform Monte Carlo analysis
• Generate reports automatically
• Save results is a database with full documentation for future test auditing
• Play back recorded data from field
• Powerful waveform real-time and off-line analysis (ScopeView module)
• Import and export to various file formats such as COMTRADE or text files for
further statistical analysis in MATLAB or Microsoft Excel

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Content
• The benefits of using a real-time simulator
• What is HYPERSIM?
• Introduction to communication protocol IEC 61850
• Example of an application: relay testing

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Standard Analog and Digital I/O Interface

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Protocol IEC 61850
Electrical Utility Communication Standard
IEC 61850 is a collection of international standards defining:
• how to describe the devices in an electrical substation
• how to exchange the information about these devices
Mainly 2 types of messages:
• Sampled Values (SV)
• Generic Object Oriented Substation Events (GOOSE)

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IEC 61850 Communication Interface

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Content
• The benefits of using a real-time simulator
• What is HYPERSIM?
• Introduction to communication protocol IEC 61850
• Example of an application: relay testing

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Simplified Model of Hydro-Quebec’s Network
Fault group 1:
Overcurrent fault
Fault group 2:
Overvoltage fault

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ScopeView:
Overcurrent Fault Transient Behaviour
1. Three-
phase to
ground fault
2. Voltage on
bus MTL735
drops to zero
2. Fault current
increases
3. Relay trips, GOOSE
message is sent to
protection breaker
4. Fault is cleared
The whole fault
detection and
clearance process
takes about 15 ms
for an overcurrent
fault using a MiCOM
P444 relay.

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ScopeView:
Snapshot Feature
Fault #2
Fault #1
One can put graphs in
memory for
comparison with
further tests by using
the Snapshot feature.
Also, many advanced
mathematical
functions are
available for
statistical or other
types of analysis.

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TestView:
Overview
A simple graphical user
interface allows for
automating thousands
of tests, analyse tons of
data, generate concise
reports and export data
for further analysis in
e.g. Microsoft Excel or
MATLAB.

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TestView:
Palette
24 functions are enough to implement all
types of faults and generate detailed reports.

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TestView:
Code
Those few lines of code can be used to test all types of fault (phase-
to-phase, phase-to-ground, etc.) and run 332 tests per type of fault,
varying the time at which the fault should occur in order to find the
worst case scenario.

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TestView:
Runner
The batch test feature is another way to run different
tests on the same model or even different models by
selecting “Test files” in the project explorer.

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TestView:
Intelligent Functions
Many intelligent functions are available both in ScopeView and
TestView to analyze data automatically for the user:
•Threshold crossing time
•Peak value and corresponding time
•Total harmonic distortion
•And about a hundred others…

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TestView:
Report
Generated reports can contain any desired information, from
descriptive data (e.g. date of test, test sequence number, etc.),
through measured data (bus voltage, power, etc.), to mathematically
analysed data (worst case reaction time, worst case sequence
number, etc.).

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TestView:
Criteria-based Database Management
These graphs represent
sequence #113, the worst
case overvoltage fault
scenario tested on bus
MTL735.
A database wisely stores
measured data
(COMTRADE files)
according to specific
user-chosen criteria for
archiving purposes.

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Complementary Analysis
Data Exported to a Text File
Data exported in a text file can
be used e.g. in Microsoft Excel
to executed further analysis.
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Probability(%)
Reaction time (ms)
Relay reaction time probability calculated with
threshold crossing time
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0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Reactiontime(ms)
Sample number
Reaction time for all samples calculated with
threshold crossing time
E.g. to calculate the normal
distribution of the relay
reaction time for the 332
tests that were run.

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Thanks
Thank you for your attention.
Questions? Contact us: info@opal-rt.com