Presentation by Mr. Rolf Alter, at the Meeting on Fostering Inclusive Growth and Trust in Justice Institutions, 12 November 2014

1. Fostering Inclusive Growth and Trust in Justice Institutions: Access, Performance and Alternatives
12 November 2014
OECD, Paris

2. Trust in justice significantly varies across member countries (2013)
Source: Gallup World Poll
86
81
81
69
69
68
67
65
64
63
63
63
60
60
57
57
56
56
55
55
52
47
46
44
44
42
37
37
37
30
28
27
26
19
15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100

3. Trust in justice scores lower than confidence and satisfaction with other public services
52.1%
39.5%
71.0%
66.5%
73.5%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Justice system and courts
National government
Health system
Education system
Local police
OECD
Max
Min
Source: Gallup World Poll, 2013

4. Yet it strongly matters for trust in government
Source: Gallup World Poll
AUS
AUT
BEL
CAN
CHL
CZE
DNK
EST
FIN
FRA
DEU
GRC
HUN
ISL
IRL
ISR
ITA
JPN
KOR
LUX
MEX
NLD
NZL
NOR
OECD
POL
PRT
SVK
SVN
ESP
SWE
CHE
TUR
GBR
USA
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Trust in justice
Trust in government
[R²: 0.72]

5. … for growth…
Source: OECD, Gallup World Poll
AUS
AUT
BEL
CAN
CHL
CZE
DNK
EST
FIN
FRA
DEU
GRC
HUN
ISL
IRL
ISR
ITA
JPN
KOR
LUX
MEX
NLD
NZL
NOR
POL
PRT
SVK
SVN
ESP
SWE
CHE
TUR
GBR
USA
OECD
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
15000
25000
35000
45000
55000
65000
75000
85000
95000
Trust in justice
GDP per capita
R2:0.58
[R²: 0.58]

6. …and citizen well-being
Source: OECD, Gallup
AUS
AUT
BEL
CAN
CHL
CZE
DNK
EST
FIN
FRA
DEU
GRC
HUN
ISL
IRL
ISR
ITA
JPN
KOR
LUX
MEX
NLD
NZL
NOR
OECD
POL
PRT
SVK
SVN
ESP
SWE
CHE
TUR
GBR
USA
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Life satisfaction
Trust in justice
R²= 0.62

7. … trust in justice is also negatively related to the perception of corruption in the judiciary
Source: Gallup, Transparency International Global Corruption Barometer 2013
AUS
BEL
CAN
CHL
CZE
EST
FIN
FRA
DEU
GRC
HUN
ISR
ITA
JPN
KOR
LUX
MEX
NZL
NOR
PRT
SVK
SVN
ESP
CHE
TUR
GBR
USA
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
5
15
25
35
45
55
65
75
Trust in justice
Perception of corruption
[R²: 0.79]

8. What are the areas of focus to promote trust,
better life and growth?
 Effective justice institutions
 Access to justice policies
 Effective and transparent ADRs
 Performance
 Access
 Alternatives
 Trust in justice & trust in government
 National competitiveness & inclusive growth
 Life satisfaction
 Policy performance & effectiveness
 Government accountability
Policy levers Key areas of focus High-level outcomes
Source: OECD; WJP; Gallup World Poll; WEF
Need for:
 Robust modelling
 In-depth qualitative assessments

9. Yet there is a wide variation across member countries in justice performance
Life Satisfaction
Socio- and economic performance
Source: WEF
Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes, 2013-2014
Range: from 2.7 to 6.0 (1-7 scale)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

10. It takes up to 1580 days to enforce a contract in OECD countries
Life Satisfaction
Socio- and economic performance
Source: World Bank
Enforcing contracts, 2014
OECD average:
539.5 days
21.4% cost of the claim
Range:
216-1580 days
9-39.9% cost of the claim
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0.00
200.00
400.00
600.00
800.00
1,000.00
1,200.00
1,400.00
1,600.00
1,800.00
Cost (% of claim)
Time (days)
Time (days)
Cost (% of claim)
Number of procedure
38 32 37 35 33 21 27 36 34 33 31.8 26 40 26 36 29 35 35 33.6 27 35 25 28 29 34 31 32 36.8 33 32 26 31 34 32 30

11. Citizen views on judicial independence also diverge…
Life Satisfaction
Socio- and economic performance
Source: WEF
Judicial independence, OECD countries, 2013-14 weighted average
Range: from 2.3 to 6.7 (1-7 scale)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

12. Court users appear to be more satisfied with fairness and independence than with length and cost of proceedings (2013)
Life Satisfaction
Socio- and economic performance
Source: Flash EuroBarometer
Court users satisfaction - Civil and commercial courts
21.3%
53.7%
49.7%
29.2%
46.2%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Lenth of proceedings
Independence (courts & judges)
Fairness of judgements
Cost of proceedings
Use of new technologies
OECD21
Min
Max
Level of satisfaction is slightly higher in administrative justice compared to criminal justice

13. Yet safety and order are an important component of public expenditures
Life Satisfaction
Socio- and economic performance
Source: SNA
Public spending on safety and order as a share of total public expenditure, OECD countries, 2012
2012:1.88 to 6.38
2007: 1.97 to 5.53
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2012
2007
Range

14. Although the expenditures on courts vary
Life Satisfaction
Socio- and economic performance
Source: SNA
Expenditures on public order and safety, 2012
7.5
8.7
13.9
13.9
14.4
15.8
16.1
16.8
16.9
17.2
17.2
18.3
18.3
19.4
20.4
21.1
21.5
25.9
29.8
31.8
54.0
53.3
58.6
53.0
61.9
57.8
42.0
63.6
50.0
62.2
48.5
53.7
40.7
62.8
47.5
54.0
58.7
46.7
47.5
48.2
3.7
8.8
9.1
6.8
12.0
8.7
19.9
4.4
9.9
12.1
13.3
17.0
8.7
8.2
15.9
12.3
8.9
6.4
10.6
5.2
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Law courts
Police
Prisons
Other

15. Citizen views on accessibility and affordability of justice also diverge
Source: CEPEJ 2012; WJP 2013
Is there an understanding of what it actually takes for citizens to defend their rights?
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
Norway
Denmark
Netherlands
Sweden
Spain
Czech Republic
Portugal
Germany
Austria
Greece
Slovenia
Finland
Italy
France
New Zealand
Chile
OECD 28
Belgium
Estonia
Turkey
Canada
United Kingdom
Republic of Korea
Poland
Hungary
Japan
Australia
United States
Mexico
Iceland
Ireland
Israël
Luxembourg
Slovakia
Switzerland
Accessibility and affordability of civil justice
Annual public budget allocated to legal aid per inhabitant as part (in %) of the GDP per capita, in 2012
Accessibility and Affordability
Annual public budget allocated to legal aid

16. There is also room for improving the accessibility, effectiveness and awareness of ADRs
Source: WJP; Flash EuroBarometer 2013
Accessibility, impartiality and effectiveness
Awareness
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
%
Accessibility, impartiality and effectiveness of ADR in civil justice
Citizens who feel informed about the alternatives to court

17. Yet understanding of the use, transparency and impact of ADRs is uneven at best
Source: The Economist, 2014

18. Current OECD work on justice institutions
•2014 MCM Inclusive Growth Report
•2014 OECD Trust Strategy
•2013 ECO Civil Law and Justice Sector Efficiency Study
•2013 Government at a Glance
•Sigma Rule of Law assessments
•Governance accession reviews and core accession principles
Colombia
Latvia
Russia

19. Ongoing co-operation
External
●European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ)
Agreement on use of data and extension to non-EU countries
OECD Observership in CEPEJ meetings
●World Justice Project
●International Commission of Jurists
Internal
●SIGMA programme
●LEED programme
●Competition Committee
●Investment Committee
●Consumer Policy Committee
●Economics Department (Civil Law and Justice Sector Efficiency Survey)
Collaboration survey design
Possible inclusion in G@G 2013

20. Focus of the discussion
•Fostering trust in justice and justice performance
•Advancing equal access to justice
•Strengthening effectiveness and governance of ADRs