HYBRID SEED PRODUCTION OF CHILLI

1. HYBRID SEED
PRODUCTION IN
CHILLI

2. BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
• Scientific name : Capsicum frutescens
• Family : Solanaceae
• Common name : Chilli
• Origin : mexico
• Chromosome number : 24 ,26

3. AREA ,PRODUCTION AND
PRODUCTIVITY
• India is the worlds largest producer and
exporter of chilli and contributes 25% of
worlds total chilli production.
• In India , chilli is grown in an area of
8lakh/ha. With a production of 13.04 lakh
tonnes and the productivity is 1.6 tonnes/ha.
• AP, TS , Karnataka, Maharastra ,Orissa and
TN account for more than 75 % of the area
and production of chilli .

4. IMPORTANCE
• Green chillies are rich in proteins
2.9g/100g.Ca,Mg,P,K,Cu and S.
• Vitamins like thiamine, riboflavin and
ascorbic acid.
• Chillies are the major ingredients in curry
powder .
• Green chillies are rich in Rutin which has
pharmaceutical use.
• Pungency of chillies is due to capsaicin.
• The pigment in chillies is due to capsanthin
also contain many other oleoresins.

5. CULTURAL PRACTICES
• LAND REQUIREMENT
The land is prepared by giving 2-3
ploughing and clod crushing after each
ploughing. Compost or FYM @150-200q
should be spread and mixed well in the soil
atleast 15-20 days before sowing .at the last
ploughing Aldrin or heftaf @10-15 kg/acre
should be applied to the soil to protect crop
from white ants and other soil pest.

6. Fertilizer Requirement
• Apply fertilizer as per soil test
recommendation .if it is not followed adopt
blanket recommendation as follows:
 Application of K in the form of potassium
sulphate will increase quality of chilli .
 N,P,K@30:60:30 Kg/ha.
 Entire P&K are applied as basal .
 30kg N/ha is top dressed in 3 splits
30,60&90 DAP.

7. Seed Rate
For varieties :- 500g-1kg/ha.
For hybrids :- *female -200g .
*male-50g.
SPACING
Spacing varies with variety , rainfall, seasonal
conditions .the different spacing are 30x30c
m,45x30cm,45x45cm.

8. • SEED TREATMENT
The seeds are treated with thiram/captan
73WS @1.5-2.5g /lit for soil drenching.Treated with
tricoderma viridae@2gm/kg seeds &carbendazin
@1gm/100gm seeds.
• NURSERY PREPARATION :
Sow the seeds in raised nursery bed of
20cm ht ,in rows of 5cm gap and covered with sand.
8&10 nursery bed will be sufficient to transplant
one ha. Apply 2kg of DAP 10 days before pulling out
seedling.

9. • TRANSPLANTING :
The seedlings of 7 days old are ready for
transplanting. Transplanting may be done on the
ridges in the evening.
•DIRECT SOWING :
It is practiced under rainfed conditions .
For direct sowing crop the seeds are drilled by the
end of march or 1st week of April .Seed rate 2.5-
3kg/acre.

10. Manures & Fertilizers
• 9 to 10 tonnes / hectare of FYM or compost is
applied at the time of field preparation.
• In chilli for rainfed crop 50 kg N and 25 kg P
should be applied 1/2 dose of N full dose of P
applied at the time of transplanting.
• Remaining dose of N applied 30 days after
transplanting.
• Irrigated crop 100 kg N, 50kg P & 50 kg K
should be applied per hectare.
• Fertilizers are applied in four equal doses.

11. Irrigation
• Chilli is grown both as rain fed and irrigated crop.
• First irrigation is given after the transplanting and
subsequent irrigations are given 5-7 days
• Every 10 to 15 days in winter.
• The maintenance of uniform soil moisture is essential to
prevent blossom & fruit drops.
• Flowers and /or flower bud abscission was increased
under short day (day length 12hours) and high
temperature 28 °C.

12.  Insect Pest
1) Chilli Thrips
2) Pod Borer
3) Aphidso
 Diseases
1) Damping Off
2) Bacterial Leaf Spot
3)Anthracnose
4) Leaf Curl

13. Intercultural Operations
• 2-3 shallow hoeing should be given to thesoil to
kill the weeds. provide soil mulch during early
stages of growth- Application of weedicides
for controlling the weeds
• Lasso @ 1.5 litre per hectare with one hand
weeding, or Tok-E 25@ 2 litres per hectare
with one hand weeding were effective in
controlling the weeds.

14. Improved Varieties
 Kankan Kirti - It yields 12-14 tonnes per hectare
of green chilli (BSKKV, Dapoli)
 Agnirekha - (MPKV, Rahuri)
 Musahvadi - 1987 at the national level. village
Musahvadi, Dist. Ahmednagar (M.S.)
Phule Jyoti - It is released in 1995 for kharif
season (MPKV, Rahuri)
Pile Sai - It retains the colour in storage for 6-7
months (MPKV, Rahuri)

15. Hybrid seed production of Chilli
• The most productive and desirable hybrid seed obtained
from the female parent well there is perfect coincidence of
stigma receptiveness and pollen viability
• The hybrid seed production block must be isolated atleast
400m from other hybrids varieties of chilli.
• The female and mail should be planted in the ratio of 2:1
• The plant to plant spacing for the female line is 45cmfor
mail line.
• The female line produces two types of flowers i:e 50%
fertile and 50% sterile. The sterile plants are required for
hybrid seed production in chilli.

16. Pollination
• The chilli crop is often cross pollinated and %of
cross pollination is up to 40%
• Pollination was carried out daily between 8:00 am
to 4:00 pm
• For better fruit set and seed yield 4 beehives
should be kept per acre for effective pollination
• The time of pollination and ratio between female
and male flower crossing is to be optimized to get
increased seed set and yield

17. Emasculation
• Removal of stamens from bisexual flower is
called as emasculation
• The birth opened in the next day ,were selected
in female parent and emasculation was carried
out by removing the stamens.
• These emasculated buds are covered with butter
paper to avoid cross pollination .
• The emasculation was carried out daily from
2:00pm to 6:00pm

18. Field inspection
1. The firs inspection shall b made before flowering on order to verify
isolation, volunteer plants, and other relevant factors,
2. the second inspection shall be made during flowering to check isolation, off
types and other relevant factors
3. the third inspection shall be made at maturity and prior to harvesting to
verify true nature of plant and other relevant factors
Specific Standards :
The designated diseases are caused by collertotictum capsici and
leaf blight caused by Alternaria solari.
Factors Foundation Certified
Off types 0.1% 0.2%
Designated diseased
plant
0.1% 0.5%

19. Seed Standards (Variety & Hybrid )
Factors Foundation Certified
Pure seed 98% 98%
Inert matter 2% 2%
Other crop seed 5/kg 10/kg
Weed seeds 5/kg 10/kg
Germination 60% 60%
Moisture content 8% 8%
For VP Container 6% 6%

20. Harvesting and Yield
 Harvesting
• Chillies which are used for vegetable purposes are
generally harvested while they are still green but
full grown.
• Chilli is highly perishable in nature, it requires
more attention during harvest, should be done at the
right stage of maturity.
• Post harvesting Tasks : this can be done in 3
phases 1) Drawing 2) Grading 3) Packing &
Storage.

21. • Green Chilli • Fully riped Chilli

22. Yield
• The yield varies according to the system of
cultivation the yield of dry chillies of rain fed
crop is 200 - 400kg & irrigated crop 600-1000
Kg per Acre.
• The proportion of dry to fresh japedchillies
varies from 25- to 40 %.