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Principles of Credit Lending
1. Safety
2. Liquidity
3.Spread
4. Security
5. Purpose
6. Profitability
7. Policy Validation
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3. SAFETY
• The Banker should ensure that the funds lent are safe and would be
repaid by the borrower as per the terms of sanction.
• The credit policy and the guidelines of the bank helps to take proper
decision safety of loans granted.
• Since the major source of loan given is deposit that belong to customers
the banker should ensure that amount lent would be received back with
interest.
4. LIQUIDITY
• The ability of bank to convert the assets into cash. Entire amount that a bank
mobilizes as deposits cannot be lent. A portion of the deposits should be kept
with RBI in form of CRR and another sizeable portion as SLR should be
invested in approved securities.
• RBI changes CRR and SLR as part of credit policy announcements to control
the money supply in the economy.
• If money supply is more RBI tends to increase the CRR so that the lendable
funds with commercial banks are reduced and vice-versa.
5. SECURITY
• The asset acquired out of bank finance is the primary security for the loan
borrowed.
• If higher risk is involved in the loan, additional security is required in form of
immovable property or securities termed as collateral.
• Collateral security is sold as last resort by the bank in case the borrower
defaults in repayment despite various steps taken.
6. SPREAD
• Entire credit cannot be granted to an individual customer or a particular
industry or a particular location.
• Credit should be spread across various sectors and different classes of
people and different geographical areas.
• Diversification to mitigate risk involved in credit business.
• Priority sector lending mandated by govt. for development of economy &
society as whole.
7. PURPOSE
• The loan granted should be for an approved purpose and productive activity.
• The purpose of loan should be for a business that is legally permissible and
economically feasible.
• The banker expect from the customer to repay the dues from business
income and thus gives utmost importance to viability of the project for which
credit is granted.
8. PROFITABILITY
• Profit as in all the business is the main objective of banking business as well.
• Increase customer base and revenue.
• Cost benefit analysis.
• Capturing market share.
9. POLICY VALIDATION
• RBI credit policy
• Banks credit policy
• Priority sector lending
• Not opposed to national interest
• Basel Norms