The document summarizes the main components of horizontal axis windmills. It describes the rotor, blades, hub, nacelle, low and high speed shafts, gear box, generator, controller, anemometer, wind vane, yaw system and tower. It provides details on how each component works, including how the blades convert wind energy, how the gear box increases shaft speed, and how the generator converts mechanical to electrical energy. It also discusses advantages like being free and clean, and disadvantages like high capital costs and effects on wildlife.
1. PILLAI HOC COLLAGE OF ENGINEERINGPILLAI HOC COLLAGE OF ENGINEERING
ANDTECHNOLOGYANDTECHNOLOGY
SEMINARONSEMINARON
HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND MILLSHORIZONTAL AXIS WIND MILLS
PRESENTEDBY- GIJE NAYAN NATHURAM
SUBJECT- CNCPG
ROLL NO-38
DATE-20 NOV. 2018
2. Main components of horizontal axis wind mills
Rotor
Blades
Hub
Nacelle
Low speed shaft
Brake
Gear box
High speed shaft
Generator
Controller
Anemometer & wind vane
Yaw system
Tower
3.
4. BLADESBLADES
• Main part which convert free flowing wind energy to useful
energy.
• Uses Lift & Drag principle as shown in the pictures.
• Three blades rotor is best compared to two and single blades
turbine
5. HUBHUB
• In simple designs, the blades are directly bolted to the
tube.
• In other more sophisticated designs, they are bolted
to the pitch mechanism, which adjusted their angle of
attack according to the wind speed.
• The hub is fixed to the rotor shaft which drives the
generator though a generator.
7. LOWSPEEDSHAFTLOWSPEEDSHAFT
-The shaft from hub to the Gear Box.
-Speed is typically between 400rpm.
-Generator typically rotate at 12000rpm to
1800rpm.
GEAR BOXGEAR BOX
-Gear Box increases the speed of the shaft.
-Meets the requirement of generator.
8. HIGH SPEED SHAFTHIGH SPEED SHAFT
• Gearbox is followed by the high speed shaft
• -Connects to generator
BRAKING MECHANISMBRAKING MECHANISM
• A mechanical drum brake or disk brakes is used to
stop turbine in emergency situation.
• This brakes is also used to hold the turbine at rest for
maintenance.
9. GENERATORGENERATOR
• Wind power Generator converts wind energy(mechanical
energy to electrical.
• Typically wind turbine generate electricity through
asynchronous machine that are directly connected with the
electricity grid.
• The generator is attached at one end to the wind turbine,
which provides the mechanical energy.
• At the other end, the generator is connected to the electricity
grid.
• The generator need to have a cooling system to make sure
there is no overheating.
10. CONTROLLERCONTROLLER
• The controller starts up the machine at wind speed of
about 8 to 16 miles per hour(mph) and shuts off the
machine at about 55mph.
• Turbines do not operate at wind speeds above about
55mph because they might be damaged by the winds.
• The controller gets wind speed data from the
anemometer and acts accordingly.
11. YAWSYSTEMYAWSYSTEM
• The yaw system of wind turbine is the component responsible
for the orientation of the wind turbine rotor towards the wind.
• It is the means of rotatable connection between nacelle and
tower.
• The nacelle is mounted on a roller bearing and the azimuth
rotation is achieved via a plurality of the powerful electric
drives.
Yaw system consist of
• Yaw bearing
• Yaw drives
• Yaw brake
12. YAW BEARINGYAW BEARING
• One of the main component of the yaw system is the yaw
bearing. It can be of the roller or gliding type and it serves
as a rotatable connection between the tower and the
nacelle of the wind turbine
13. YAW DRIVEYAW DRIVE
• The yaw drive is used to keep the rotor facing into the
wind as the wind direction changes.
• The yaw drives exist only on the active yaw system and are
the mean of active rotation of the wind turbine nacelle.
• Each yaw drive consist of powerful electric motor (usually
AC) with its electric drive and a gearbox, which increases
the torque.
14. TOWERTOWER
• Typically, 2 types of tower exist
-Floating tower and
-Land-based tower
• Floating tower can ne seen in offshore wind farms where the
tower are float on water.
• Land-based Tower can be seen in the Onshore wind farm
where the tower are situated on the land
15. • For Horizontal axis wind mills, tower height approximately
two to three times the blade length have been found to
balance material utilisation of the more expensive active
component
• At the bottom level of the tower there will be step-up
transformers for the connection to the Grid.
16. Advantages of Wind Power Generation
1.It is available free and is inexhaustible.
2.It is clean and non-polluting.
3.Have low maintenance.
4.Has low cost of power generation.
Dis-advantages of Wind Power Generation.
1.At present capital cost is high.
2.It affects the magnitude of generation.
3.Birds have been killed by flying into spinning turbine blades.
4.Wind turbine generate noise and visual Pollution.
