1. QUALITY MANAGEMENT
& STANDARDIZATION
By:
EDI (222160507)
HENDI (222160508)
NATALIS CHRISTIAN (222160514)
Definitions, Transitions and Differences
between Quality Control (QC) and
Quality Assurance (QA)
Lecturer:
Prof. Ir. SYAMSIR ABDUH, MM, PhD
2. Natalis Christian - 222160514
Definition of QA & QC
Quality assurances is process oriented and
focused on defect prevention.
Quality assurance is a set of activities for
ensuring quality in the process by which
products are developed.
Quality control is product oriented and
focused on defect identification.
Quality control is a set of activities for
ensuring quality in products. The activities
focus on identifying defects in the actual
products produced.
3. Natalis Christian - 222160514
Transition of QC, QC & TQM
Quality has been defined as fitness for use, conformance to
requirements, and the pursuit of excellence. Even though the
concept of quality has existed from early times, the study
and definition of quality have been given prominence only in
the last century.
1920s: quality control. Following the Industrial
Revolution and the rise of mass production, it became
important to better define and control the quality of
products. Originally, the goal of quality was to ensure that
engineering requirements were met in final products.
Later, as manufacturing processes became more complex,
quality developed into a discipline for controlling process
variation as a means of producing quality products.
4. Natalis Christian - 222160514
Transition of QC, QA & TQM
1950s: quality assurance and auditing. The quality
profession expanded to include the quality assurance and
quality audit functions. The drivers of independent
verification of quality were primarily industries in which
public health and safety were paramount.
1980s: total quality management (TQM). Businesses
realized that quality wasn’t just the domain of products
and manufacturing processes, and total quality
management (TQM) principles were developed to include
all processes in a company, including management
functions and service sectors.
5. Natalis Christian - 222160514
Transition of QC, QA & TQM
Quality management today. There have been many
interpretations of what quality is, beyond the dictionary
definition of “general goodness.” Other terms describing quality
include reduction of variation, value-added, and conformance to
specifications.
ISO 9000:2015: Quality management systems—Fundamentals
and vocabulary defines quality as the “degree to which a set of
inherent characteristics of an object fulfils requirements.”
Simply stated, quality is meeting customer requirements.
A system of quality management includes all activities of the
overall management function that determine the quality policy,
objectives, and responsibilities and their implementation. As
ISO 9000 explains, a management system provides the means
of establishing a policy and objectives and the means to
achieve those objectives.
9. Natalis Christian - 222160514
Differences of QA vs QC
Comparison
Chart
Quality Assurance Quality Control
Definition QA is a set of activities for
ensuring quality in the
processes by which products
are developed.
QC is a set of activities for
ensuring quality in products.
The activities focus on
identifying defects in the
actual products produced.
Focus on QA aims to prevent defects
with a focus on the process
used to make the product. It is
a proactive quality process.
QC aims to identify (and
correct) defects in the finished
product. Quality control,
therefore, is a reactive process.
Goal The goal of QA is to improve
development and test processes
so that defects do not arise
when the product is being
developed.
The goal of QC is to identify
defects after a product is
developed and before it's
released.
10. Natalis Christian - 222160514
Differences of QA vs QC
Comparison
Chart
Quality Assurance Quality Control
How Establish a good quality
management system and the
assessment of its adequacy.
Periodic conformance audits of
the operations of the system.
Finding & eliminating sources
of quality problems through
tools & equipment so that
customer's requirements are
continually met.
What Prevention of quality problems
through planned and
systematic activities including
documentation.
The activities or techniques
used to achieve and maintain
the product quality, process
and service.
Responsibility Everyone on the team involved
in developing the product is
responsible for quality
assurance.
Quality control is usually the
responsibility of a specific
team that tests the product for
defects.
11. Natalis Christian - 222160514
Differences of QA vs QC
Comparison
Chart
Quality Assurance Quality Control
Example Verification is an example of
QA
Validation/software testing is
an example of QC
Statistical
Techniques
Statistical Tools & Techniques
can be applied in both QA &
QC. When they are applied to
processes (process inputs &
operational parameters), they
are called Statistical Process
Control (SPC); & it becomes
the part of QA.
When statistical tools &
techniques are applied to
finished products (process
outputs), they are called as
Statistical Quality Control
(SQC) & comes under QC.
As a tool QA is a managerial tool QC is a corrective tool
Orientation QA is process oriented QC is product oriented
