Lung and liver disease survey of Kenyan cattle
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Organ condemnation
![Public Health and Economics of Condemnation: Survey of Lung and Liver diseases of bovines in Khwisero, Kenya Nanyingi O .Mark 1 § , Koballa O. Alfred 1 , Ongili O. Humphrey 1 , Okello M. Christopher 1 , Kipsengeret K. Benard 2 , Kisenge K. Edward 3 , Asaava .Lucas 4 1 Ministry of Livestock and Development, District Veterinary Office, PO BOX 60 -50135, Khwisero, Kenya 2 Center for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute P.O Box 20752-00202 Nairobi 3 National Disaster Operation Center, Epidemiology Unit, PO Box 48956-00100 Nairobi 4 Ministry of Livestock and Development, District Veterinary Office, PO BOX 129 Garissa, Kenya §Corresponding author and Presenter : NMO, [email_address] , Tel: +254 721 117 845 KVA WESTERN SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE AND CONTINUOS PROFESSIONAL DEVEL0PMENT : 25 th FEBRUARY 2011 GOLDEN INN HOTEL, KAKAMEGA](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/dr-nanyingi-publichealtheconomics2011-110507120319-phpapp01/85/Dr-Nanyingi-public-health-economics-2011-1-320.jpg)
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Lung and liver disease survey of Kenyan cattle
- 1. Public Health and Economics of Condemnation: Survey of Lung and Liver diseases of bovines in Khwisero, Kenya Nanyingi O .Mark 1 § , Koballa O. Alfred 1 , Ongili O. Humphrey 1 , Okello M. Christopher 1 , Kipsengeret K. Benard 2 , Kisenge K. Edward 3 , Asaava .Lucas 4 1 Ministry of Livestock and Development, District Veterinary Office, PO BOX 60 -50135, Khwisero, Kenya 2 Center for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute P.O Box 20752-00202 Nairobi 3 National Disaster Operation Center, Epidemiology Unit, PO Box 48956-00100 Nairobi 4 Ministry of Livestock and Development, District Veterinary Office, PO BOX 129 Garissa, Kenya §Corresponding author and Presenter : NMO, [email_address] , Tel: +254 721 117 845 KVA WESTERN SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE AND CONTINUOS PROFESSIONAL DEVEL0PMENT : 25 th FEBRUARY 2011 GOLDEN INN HOTEL, KAKAMEGA
- 5. Materials and Methods : Study area Category C slabs
- 9. Total bovine organ condemnations in Khwisero abattoirs in 2010 2003 (av.5.48), Number (%) of organs condemned Condemned Organs N (1249) Head and Tongues 0(0.00) Hearts 137(10.97) Kidneys 98(7.85) Livers 515(41.23) Lungs 387(30.98) Spleens 112(8.97) Total 1249
- 10. Major causes of lung and Liver condemnations in Khwisero abattoirs Disease/condition Number (%) of lungs and Livers condemned Lung N (387) Liver N(515) Disease/condition Disease/condition Abscess 17( 4.39) Abscess 20(3.88) Haemorrhages 126(32.26) Cirrhosis/degeneration 140(27.18) Echinoccocus cysts 10(2.58) Echinoccocus cysts 19(3.69) Pleurisy 64(16.54) Fascioliasis 282(54.76) Pneumonia 70(18.09) Stelesia hepatica 0(0.00) Parasites/worms 12(3.10) Telengiectasis 33(6.41) Congestion 32(8.27) Hepatomegally 7(1.36) Emphysema 56(14.47) Milky spot 10(1.94) Haemorrhages 4(0.74) Total 387 515
- 11. ESTIMATED ANNUAL ECONOMIC LOSS (ksh) The economic loss has been calculated on the basis of wholesome and intact visceral organs i.e. Lung and liver. The average price of each organ was Ksh.180 and 300 respectively in the year 2010. Annual Loss Ao = (Nps × Pv × Clv) + (Nps × Pu × Clu) ( Yemane, 1990 ) Nps : Total number of Livers , Pv: Prevalence of liver diseases/conditions , Pu: Prevalence of lung diseases/conditions , Clv : Cost of Liver , Clu : Cost of Liver Annual Loss (Ao)= (515 × 0.412 × 300) + (387 × 0.309× 180) = Ksh 85,289 (≈ $ 1200)
- 16. Economic Model (Nanyingi et al ., 2010)
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Hinweis der Redaktion
- Butchers, who are to operate new slaughter facilities and butcheries, must also be trained in slaughter techniques and in meat cutting and hygiene. Mkombozi: comparison of goodmeat and condemned.
- Routinely, meat inspectors carry out antemortem examination of all animals presented for slaughter a day before or shortly prior to slaughter. This is followed by postmortem meat inspection involving visual examination, palpation and systematic incision of carcasses and visceral organs particularly, lungs, liver, kidney, heart and spleen
- 2003 clinically healthy cattle were inspected in 2010
- might be due to contact between large numbers of stray dogs with the herd and humans in the study area. Dogs, which are the primary predisposing factor for the disease transmission are used as guards for herds and are routinely fed with uncooked offal which deemed unfit for human consumption (Mezgebu, 2003) The liver and lung are the most commonly infected organs. This could be due to the fact that lungs and livers posses the first great capillaries sites encountered by the migrating echinococcus oncosphere (hexacanth embryo) which adopt the portal vein route and primarily negotiate hepatic and pulmonary filtering system sequentially before any other peripheral organ is involved. In addition, the lungs were predominantly infected with hydatid cyst than any other organ probably due to the presence of greater capillary beds in the lungs than other organs which is in agreement with Kebede et al. (2009).