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fishing industry
- 1. INDUSTRIAL FISHING Strategies of Information Management
- 2. got Fish?
- 3. WHERE DO FISH COME FROM? The seas that surround us are some of our greatest assets. They have played a significance role in the development of our nation and culture. For hundreds of years, these waters have provided our people with an abundance of food. The oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface. Marine biodiversity is a vital resource that has decreased dramatically since industrialization began in the 19th century.
- 6. Business Management Fish Farming Fish Processing Marketing
- 7. PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS Commercial Fishing Fish Farming Catching fish for commercial profit, mostly from wild fisheries. Sustainability of fisheries is improved by using specific equipment that eliminates or minimizes catching non-targeted species: Large nets Pole and line Trolling with single lines Traps or pots Raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food. Worldwide, the most important fish species used in fish farming are: Carp Salmon Tilapia Catfish
- 8. Fish Processing Preservation: • Control of temperature • Control of water activity • Physical control of microbial loads • Chemical control of microbial loads • Control of the oxygen reduction potential Waste Management Transport Quality and Safety Fish Handling: • Transferring the catch from the fishing gear to the fishing vessel • Holding the catch before further handling • Sorting and grading • Bleeding, gutting and washing • Chilling • Storing the chilled fish • Unloading, or handling the fish when the fishing vessel returns to port
- 9. …FISH PROCESSING Waste Management Transport Solid Wastes: Skin, viscera, fish heads and carcasses. Liquid Wastes: Blood water, brine from storage tanks, water discharges from washing and cleaning Fish is transported widely in ships, by land and air, and much fish is traded internationally. Fish is traded live, fresh, frozen, cured and canned Live, fresh and frozen fish need special care
- 10. MARKETING Live Fish Trade Shrimp Marketing Fish Markets
- 12. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Developing accurate business records Controlling finances for better business decisions Analyzing future opportunities.
- 13. THE FISHERIES OF THE FUTURE Sustainability
Hinweis der Redaktion
- There is a global increase in fish consumption. It might be associated with the growing body of evidence that suggests that eating fish provides a range of health benefits. Fish consumption has undergone major changes in the last few decades. “In 2005, the worldwide per capita consumption of fish captured from wild fisheries was 14.4kgs, with an additional 7.4kgs harvested from fish farms” (FAO, 2008). In the USA, “the international trade in coastal and marine fisheries contributes $70 billion annually to our nation’s economy” (Ache, 2011). People have been fishing as long as they have been hunting. Understanding and managing the considerable pressure – both human and natural – on these valuable resources will ensure that the country’s long-standing tradition of commercial fishing in our coastal communities is sustained.
- Fishing vessels have been able to cross oceans in pursuit of fish. According to FAO statistics, “the total number of fishermen and fish farmers is estimated to be 38 million. Fisheries and aquaculture provide direct and indirect employment to over 500 million people” (FAO, 2008). Historically, fishing has been artisanal and regional, mostly individuals fishing from shore or small craft for regional consumption.
- We are all aware of industrial agriculture, the gradual assimilation of small farms into larger tracks owned by larger corporations that have consolidated farmland ownership, transformed farmers from owners to employees, diminished the culture viability and values of the family farm, and applied large-scale technologies to increase efficiency and productivity through capital-intensive technology, exponential increase in chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and in some cases, the introduction of new or genetically-modified species that have elicited much controversy. Industrial agriculture is dominated by fewer and fewer corporations with concentrated and dominating control of supply and distribution of such basic foods, such as wheat, corn, soybeans, rice and other staples on the global diet. Fishing, like agriculture, has been industrialized: larger vessels and incentivized expansion creating an increased capacity in contradiction to decreased supply.
- Also referred to as the “seafood industry,” the fishing industry takes, processes, preserves, stores, transports, markets, or sells fish or fish products. The industrial activity aims to deliver fish and other seafood products for human consumption or as input factors in other industrial processes. “A commercial fishing operation is a busy business, typically employing one to four people. A great deal of work occurs before the fishing starts. Once underway, a vessel crew navigates treacherous waters, catching fish for hours and days on end. The operation must run smoothly and deliver the fish in time to reap the rewards” (Haight, 2008).
- Running a fishing business is unlike any other—demanding skills in operating a vessel at sea, knowing where the fish are, taking a high personal risk, and so on. Also, managing the dollars is an important business function. If it is not done, it is a lost opportunity for reaping greater rewards from one’s hard work” (Haight, 2008) The business of fishing isn’t just about those who go to sea. Fishing and related industry sectors employ large numbers, both on the boat and ashore, and unlike many jobs, fishing is more than work; it is a way of life that has supported our coastal communities for centuries.
- Fishing methods vary according to the region, the species being fished for, and the technology available to the fishermen. Commercial fishing can be a dangerous occupation with the potential of falling overboard and other fishing-related accidents, caused by weather conditions, extreme fatigue and dangerous equipment. Fish farming is the principal form of aquaculture, which means farming aquatic organisms, and that offers fish marketers another source. “The increasing demand for fish and fish protein has resulted in widespread overfishing in wild fishers, and China holding 62% of the world’s fish farming practice.” (Manci, 2014) Because of this rise in aquaculture, there has been a rise in the per capita availability of seafood globally within the last few decades.
- When fish are captured or harvested for commercial purposes, they need some preprocessing so they can be delivered to the next part of the marketing chain in a fresh and undamaged condition. Fish is a highly perishable food that normally hosts many bacteria, so it needs proper handling and preservation to prevent it from spoiling and lengthen its shelf life.
- There are primary and secondary treatments to manage waste. Primary treatments use physical methods such as flotation, screening and sedimentation to remove oil and grease and other suspended solids. Secondary treatments use biological and physiochemical that reduce the surface charges. When transporting live fish, they need oxygen, so they are placed in water supersaturated with oxygen. Air transport needs special care in preparation and handling and careful scheduling. This can affect the time of delivery and the the condition of the product when it is delivered. Maintaining the cold chain is the most challenging aspect of fish transportation by land or sea. So, continuous temperature monitors are used, and excellent development in food packaging and handling allow quick and efficient loading, transport and unloading of fish and fishery products. Fish processing involves strict controls and regulations, and the worldwide federation of national standards bodies, known as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) ensures that the fishing industry meets the requisite standards.
- While finding a good buyer is important, marketing activities are not very complicated. Unless a fisherman chooses to direct market his or her catch, marketing is a limited function. The live fish trade is a global system that links fishing communities with markets. Most shrimps are sold frozen and marketed in different categories classified by presentation, grading, color and uniformity. And last but not least, marketplaces are used to market fish products, dedicated to wholesale trade between fishermen and fish merchants, or to the sale of seafood to individual consumers.
- For years, authorities have been attempting to control fishing in order to conserve stocks. They set fishing quotas, limit the number of fishing days, and they restrict engine power. But these regulations fail because they are not strong enough and they are not properly monitored.
- The sea is not always the most hospitable place to earn a living. A great deal of work occurs before the fishing starts. For our fishermen, going to sea is a way of life that is both rewarding and challenging. What most of us don’t appreciate is the scale of investment involved in running a fishing business.: loan to get a boat, gear, fishing permit. On top of the initial cost of the boat and equipment, there are ongoing operating costs to maintain gear, fuel and insurance. Effective financial management prevents taking on debt and identifies high costs in the operation. It also maintains the vessel and equipment is a timely manner and it evaluates future investments. Early maintenance kicks off a season that does not stop until the boat in winterized and the crew safe and sound.” (Haight, 2008)
- The diverse seas that surround us have played a significance role in the development of our nation and culture. While everyone accepts these are demanding times for businesses, there is great optimism about the future, as long as it is well-maintained and looked after. We want sustainable fish stocks, we want a good environment for that fish, and we want to promote a sustainable industry. A healthy sea equates to a productive sea. If we all understand each other’s concerns, we can work together in partnership to ensure a sustainable and profitable future for our fishing industry.