CSIR-CECRI-Industrial Conclave - Water treatment (Received from CECRI; CSIR-Council of Scientific & Industrial Research; SERC-Structural Engineering Research Centre; CECRI-Central Electrochemical Research Institute) Blog post link: http://bit.ly/2vdIiN1

1. ELECTROCHEMICALS AND WATER TREATMENT
 Electrochemical Generation of Hydrogen
 Electrochemical De - fluoridator & De – Arsenator
 Electrochemical Hypochlorite Generator
 Anti - Oxidant Enriched Water (Ayush H2 Jal)
 Electrochemical Process for Synthesis of Styrene Oxide from Styrene
 Electrochemical Process for the Preparation of Calcium Gluconate
 Electrochemical Process for the Preparation of Potassium Iodate
 Electrochemical Process on 1,4 – Naphthoquinone / 2-methyl- 1,4
Naphthoquinone [Menadione] By Using Ce(iii) / Ce(iv) Redox System
 Recovery of Salt from Dye bath at Common Effluent Treatment Plant
 Treatment of Electroplating Effluent
G.Sozhan

2. Hydrogen Energy
Water Electrolysis
Alkaline Electrolyser
Anode – Ni
Cathode - MS
PEM - Based Electrolyser
O2
H2
H2O H2O
Anode – IrO2
Cathode - Pt

3. 40 L/h Unit
Cell stack -5000 L/h
1000 L/h Unit
Solar - Powered
Hydrogen Generator
Energy Consumption
5 kWh/Nm3 of H2
20 L/h Unit
PEM - Based Electrolyser

4. Electrochemical De - fluoridator
Features
 Easy to install, on-line connectable and wall mountable
 Materials of construction are indigenous
 The anode is the only consumable material which can be easily replaced
 Only about 0.3 to 0.4 unit of electrical energy per kilolitre
 Does not require elaborate maintenance
 Large capacity community installations are easy to design

5. Advantages
•No need for addition of chemicals
•No need for pre and post treatment
Electrochemical De - Arsenator
Requires only about 3 to 4 units of
electrical energy per kilolitre
Electrochemical Hypochlorite generator
Capacity : 100 liters per hour
Concentration : 8 gram per liter
Type : Flow Cell

6. Anti-Oxidant Enriched Water (AyusH2” Jal)
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) viz., peroxides, superoxide, hydroxyl radical, and
singlet oxygen, are generated inside the body throughout our daily lives as a
byproduct of energy metabolism by oxidative phosphorylation in every aerobic
organism
H₂ + 2·OH → 2H₂O
• Cause cell death and aging
• Linked to every disease:
• Neurological disorders
• Inflammatory disorders
• Cancer
• Diabetes

7. Electrochemical process for synthesis of Styrene oxide from Styrene
Description of the
electrochemical
process
 Prepared from styrene by using aqueous alkali metal halide as electrolyte.
 Ionic liquid can also be used as an electrolyte in organic solvent and water
mixture
Advantages of
electrochemical
process
 This is an alternative process for the production of styrene oxide by
electrochemical method.
 It does not use directly the corrosive peroxides and organic peracids for
oxidizing styrene.
 The electrochemically generated oxidants are eco-friendly and not toxic or air
pollutants.
Process efficiency
 Faradaic efficiency = 90%, Energy consumption = 7 kWh/kg
 Yield= 90%, Conversion = 95%
Batch Size 0.1 kg of styrene oxide / batch
Applications/
Uses
Important intermediate in the manufacture of a range of pharmaceuticals, natural
products, functional materials, perfumery industries and in the synthesis of several
biologically active compounds.

8. Electrochemical process for the preparation of Calcium Gluconate
Electrochemical
process
Electrolytic oxidation of glucose dissolved in aqueous sodium bromide solution
solution using graphite electrodes
Advantages of
electrochemical
process
 Higher yield in comparison with chemical methods.
 The conversion is high.
 There is no bye-product formation.
Process efficiency
 Faradaic efficiency = 90%
 Energy consumption = 9 kWh/kg
 Yield= 90%
 Conversion = 95%
Batch Size Calcium gluconate = 1kg / Batch
Applications/Uses
Calcium gluconate is extensively used in the treatment of calcium deficiency both
both for oral and parenteral administration. It is also used as an oral antidote for
for fluorine and oxalic acid poisoning.

9. Electrochemical Process for the preparation of Potassium Iodate
Description of the
electrochemical
process
Iodine dissolved in potassium hydroxide is used as electrolyte. The
potassium iodide electrochemically oxidized in a flow cell at a low current
density and room temperature.
Advantages
electrochemical
process
 The formation of potassium iodate is in high yield
 The conversion and current efficiency are high
 There is no by-product formation
Process efficiency
 Faradaic efficiency = 85%, Energy consumption = 10 kWh / kg
 Yield= 85%, Conversion = 90%
Batch Size
Potassium iodate = 1kg / Batch
Applications/ Uses
Potassium iodate is mainly used in radiation treatment, It can replace
radioactive iodine from the thyroid and also used in iodization of edible salts

10. Description of electrochemical
process
Electrochemical synthesis of quinones and substituted quinones
with high yields ( 85 - 90%) from corresponding naphthalene using
electrochemically generated cerium(IV) methanesulphonate.
Advantages of electrochemical
process
More economical method than other methods involving inorganic
oxidizing agents, because the oxidant can be regenerated and used,
has excellent selectivity and avoids disposal of spent reagents.
Process efficiency
 Faradaic efficiency = 85%
 Energy consumption = 12 kWh / kg
 Yield= 80 - 90%
 Conversion = 95%
Batch Size 1 kg/ batch
Applications/ Uses
Antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory
and antipyretic. It is mainly used as a precursor to anthroquinone.
Menadione is mainly used as a Vitamin K3.
Electrochemical Process on 1,4-Naphthoquinone / 2-methyl-1,4-
Naphthoquinone [Menadione] by using Ce(III) / Ce(IV) redox system.

11. RECOVERY OF SALT FROM DYE BATH AT COMMON
EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT
Reactor
RectifierPump
Output
Feed Tank
Reaction COD Reduction
(%)
Treatment Cost/litre
(paisa)
Flow rate
(L/hr)
DC current (A) &
voltage (V)
System - I 55 38 12 190 & 3.4
System - II 77 78 12 190 & 3.4
System - III 47 22 24 190 & 3.4
System - IV 35 20 12 100 & 3.0
System - V 30 13 24 100 & 3.0
System - VI 18 14 54 190 & 3.4
System - VII 12 10 54 100 & 3.0

12. TREATMENT OF ELECTROPLATING
EFFLUENT
Electrodes : Iron
Flow rate : 3 L/hr
Inlet Cr6+ concentration : 2000 ppm
Outlet Cr6+ concentration : <0.1 ppm