unit 1 fundamentals of nursing

1. Fundamentals of nursing
UNIT – 1
Introduction to health and illness
• Concept of health- definitions , dimentions
•Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
•Health – illness continuum
• Factors influencing health
•Cause and risk factors of developing illness
•Illness- types, illness behaviour
•Impact of illness on patient and family

2. Learning objectives
• Define health and its changing concepts
• Describe the health – illness continuum
• Enumerate the various factors influencing
health
• Explain the causation of disease with the help
of model
• Discuss the impact of illness on patient and
family

3. Key terms
• Health
• Biomedical concept
• Ecological concept
• Psychological concept
• Holistic concept
• Agent
• Host
• environment

4. INTRODUCTION
“It is health that is real wealth and not pieces of
gold and silver”
-Mahatma Gandhi

5. Concept of health
• Health and disease are not static conditions.
• It is difficult to derive a universally acceptable
definition for the term health and disease
because these concepts are subjective and
difficult to measure.
• People define these terms acc. To personal
value system that are influencing by culture ,
socioeconomic status, age , knowledge and
pre existing stages of health and diseases.

6. Definition of health
• “health is a state of complete physical,mental ,
social and spiritual wellbeing and not merely
the absence of disease or infirmity.”
(WHO, 1947)
• The condition of being sound in body, mind, or
spirit and especially freedom from physical
disease or pain.
(webster)

7. • a condition in which someone or something is
thriving or doing well

8. The changing concepts of health has been
categorised as follows:
• Biomedical concept.
• Ecological concept.
• Psychological concept.
• Holistic concept

9. • Biomedical concept: "Absence of disease"
based on "germ theory of disease“
Drawback: minimized the role of the
environmental, social, psychological and
cultural determinants of health.

10. • Ecological concept:
According to ecologists: Health is a dynamic
equilibrium between man and his
environment, and Disease is a maladjustment
of the human organism to environment.

11. • Psychosocial concept:
Health is not only a biomedical phenomenon,
but one which is influenced by
• social
• Psychological
• Cultural
• economic
• political factors .

12. • Holistic concept : It recognizes the strength of
social, economic, political and environmental
influences on health.
• Implies that all sectors of society have an
effect on health
• Ancient view: Sound mind, in a sound body, in
a sound family, in sound environment.
• Emphasis is on promotion and protection of
health

13. New philosophy of health
• Health is a fundamental human right
• Health is the essence of productive life, and not
the result of ever increasing expenditure on
medical care
• Health is inter-sectoral
• Health is an integral part of development
• Health is central to the concept of quality of life
• Health involves individuals, state and
international responsibility
• Health is a worldwide social goal

14. • Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory of
psychology explaining human motivation
based on the pursuit of different levels of
needs.
• The theory states that humans are motivated
to fulfill their needs in a hierarchical order.
This order begins with the most basic needs
before moving on to more advanced needs.

15. Self-Actualization Needs
Esteem Needs
Love and Belonging Needs
Safety Needs
Physiological Needs