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Reflections on teaching JetBrains MPS within a university course
- 1. Reflections on teaching MPS within a university course Turku Centre for Computer Science Mikhail Barash Åbo Akademi Finland MPS @mikhail_barash
- 2. Course overview DSL Xtext MPS design
- 3. Course overview zoo of DSLs definition of a DSL semantic models examples advantages problems abstract syntax trees grammars parser generators Xtext Xtend writing a grammar model modification type checking code generationscoping projectional editing structureMPS editor typesystem textgen generator behavior DSL design concerns intentions language workbenches overview
- 4. trainees considerable practical experience intensive tutorialtraining focused on MPS limited time allocate to trainings interactive
- 5. attribute grammars parsing type checking semantics megamodeling rewriting code generation testing … “classical” course Rascal
- 6. How to introduce projectional editing? form builders Scratch-like MS Access MS Access
- 7. How to introduce projectional editing? Mathcad MS FrontPage
- 8. Projectional editing & modeling semantic model syntactic projection placeholder “smooth” editing model projection edited projection projection model editor transforms text “sin” to projection of sine “^” is transformed to projection of exponentiation placeholder Equation Editor
- 9. Microsoft Word vs. JetBrains MPS select a placeholder select desired concept from a menu type something that would identify some concept select something to augment it either by typing or by selecting from menu copy-paste copy entire subtrees trigger for concept alias
- 10. Parsing vs. projectional editing int class = template + 5; template= + ;classint 5 <expression>= ;<name>int <variable declaration> = ;<name>int <variable declaration> <expression> <left> + <right> textual projectional concept trigger for concept trigger editor always has access to AST current concept containing concept <name>int name: string any string can be used here changes will be propagated throughout the source code concepts can also be chosen from a menu user’s intention
- 11. Projectional editing textual form of code only meant for the programmer projectional editing allows languages to evolve but it is unambiguous languages can be combined with each other set of node types that can be added to ASTnew DSL nodes are selected explicitly no ambiguities in AST textual syntax can look ambiguous How to motivate it? no parsing needed non-textual notations
- 12. Starting with Xtext grammar validator code generator type checking scoping quickfixes formatting
- 13. Starting with Xtext grammar validator code generator type checking scoping quickfixes formatting concrete ∩ abstract syntax
- 14. Starting with Xtext grammar validator code generator type checking scoping quickfixes formatting Java/Xtend concrete ∩ abstract syntax
- 15. Starting with Xtext grammar validator code generator type checking scoping quickfixes formatting Java/Xtend Java/Xtend concrete ∩ abstract syntax
- 16. Starting with Xtext grammar validator code generator type checking scoping quickfixes formatting Java/Xtend Java/Xtend Java/Xtend concrete ∩ abstract syntax
- 17. Starting with Xtext grammar validator code generator type checking scoping quickfixes formatting Java/Xtend Java/Xtend Java/Xtend Java/Xtend concrete ∩ abstract syntax
- 18. Starting with Xtext grammar validator code generator type checking scoping quickfixes formatting internal DSL Java/Xtend Java/Xtend Java/Xtend Java/Xtend concrete ∩ abstract syntax
- 19. Starting with Xtext grammar validator code generator type checking scoping quickfixes formatting M→T internal DSL Java/Xtend Java/Xtend Java/Xtend Java/Xtend concrete ∩ abstract syntax
- 20. Teaching MPS: topics covered structure editor code generator type system intentions formatting M→T abstract syntax … editor constraintsbehavior actions M→M concrete syntax development journey
- 21. Teaching MPS: topics covered structure editor code generator type system intentions formatting M→T abstract syntax … editor constraintsbehavior actions M→M concrete syntax DSL DSL DSL DSL DSL DSL DSL DSL DSL DSL development journey
- 22. MPS: Editor aspect button to negate the current value returns a JButton with event handler that negates value reading and writing data from an AST node requires to handle node access explicitly cells explained “on paper” first
- 23. MPS: Structure aspect structure of language vs. structure of its implementation
- 24. MPS: Structure aspect language concepts IfStatement abstract syntax of the language Entity structure of language vs. structure of its implementation
- 25. MPS: Structure aspect language concepts technical concepts IfStatement NodeRendering abstract syntax of the language Entity VarReference used to define diagram editor for concept Node structure of language vs. structure of its implementation
- 26. MPS: TypeSystem aspect checking rules are in TypeSystem check rules are still inference rules :==: is not an assignment
- 27. Code generation easier to start with model-to-text transformations
- 28. Learning objectives program model! = language its syntax! ≠ programming in MPS developing an API* ≈ abstract vs. concrete syntax MPS multiple concrete syntaxes can be defined language can evolve! a motivation for projectional editing source code text! ≠ textual graphicaltabular mathematicalnotations right level of abstractions clearly separated