1. Expressive RFID data access policies for the
Pharmaceuticals supply chain
Miguel Pardal, Mark Harrison, Sanjay Sarma, José Alves Marques
Consulting

2. Traceability queries

3. http://trakchain.net/

4. US Pharma supply chain

5. Threats
• Prevent illegitimate products from entering
the supply chain
• Returns of counterfeit or stolen products in
replacement of legitimate products through a
wholesaler
• Criminal wholesalers or
pharmacists/pharmacies.

6. US Pharma numbers
• 1,400 Manufacturers
• 70 Distributors
– Big 3
• 166,000 Pharmacies

7. DataMatrix & RFID
• You can have both 2D barcodes and RFID
– GS1 compatibility layer
• Industry has chosen barcodes for
item level identification

8. Point-of-Dispense Authentication
European model

9. European Stakeholder Model
“ensuring patients have access to safe medicines”

10. ESM Euro Hub

11. Document-based electronic Pedigree
“US” model
CA, FL
DPMS

12. Network-centric electronic Pedigree
EPC IS

13. Prototype

14. Data capture screen

15. Manufacturer view
The manufacturer can see its own events and
the receiving event of the distributor

16. Distributor view
The distributor can see all the history prior to
acquisition of the drug and its own events.

17. Pharmacy view
The pharmacy sees all the chain-of-custody
events only for the product they receive

18. PoD vs DeP vs NeP

19. Classification

20. Capture storage

21. Capture cost

22. Query cost

23. DeP required secure connections

24. PoD and NeP secure connections

25. Conclusions
• PoD is the most lightweight approach
– stores less information
– limited number of secure connections
• DeP stores the most data
– partial pedigrees
– requires 10 times more secure connections
• NeP is a middle ground between PoD and DeP
– stores more data than PoD
– semi-centralized architecture minimizes secure connections
– same infrastructure – EPC IS and the EPC network – can support
multiple applications
– start with PoD and later evolve to full pedigree

26. Q & A
Thank you!
Miguel.Pardal@ist.utl.pt
TrakChain:
Quantifying traceability...