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2. Why do we respire?
● A cell is a structural and functional unit of living organisms.
● Cells performs functions like nutrition, transport, excretion etc for which it
requires energy.
● The food has stored energy which it releases during respiration.
● During breathing we breathe in air which is rich in oxygen and breathe out air
that is rich in carbon dioxide.
● The air we breathe is transported to all parts of the body and ultimately to
each cell.
● In the cells, oxygen in the air helps in the breakdown of food.
● The process of breakdown of food in the cell with the release of energy is
called cellular respiration
3. Aerobic Respiration
● In cells, the food (glucose) is broken down into carbon
dioxide and water using oxygen.
● When the breakdown of glucose occurs with the use of
oxygen it is called aerobic respiration.
4. Anaerobic Respiration
● Many organisms ( like yeast)can survive in the absence of
air. They are called anaerobes.
● They get energy through anaerobic respiration.
● In the absence of oxygen glucose break down into alcohol
and carbon dioxide. It is called anaerobic respiration
5. Anaerobic respiration in humans
● Muscles of humans also respire anaerobically, for a short period of time.
● During heavy exercise, cycling, walking for many hours etc, the demand for
energy is high but the supply of oxygen produced is limited.
● Anaerobic respiration takes place in muscles to fulfil the demand of energy.
● Cramps occurs in muscles due to anaerobic respiration. Accumulation of
lactic acid causes muscle cramps.
● Taking a hot water bath or massage improves circulation of blood, due to
which supply of oxygen to muscle cells increases.
● This increase in the supply of oxygen results in the complete breakdown of
lactic acid into carbondioxide and water.
6.
7.
8. Breathing
● Breathing is taking in air rich in oxygen and giving out air
rich in carbon dioxide with the help of respiratory organs.
● The taking in of air rich in oxygen into the body is called
inhalation and giving out air rich in carbon dioxide is
known as exhalation.
● The number of times a person breathe in a minute is
termed as the breathing rate.
● A breathe means one inhalation plus one exhalation.
● On an average, an adult human being at rest breathes in
and out 15-18 times in a minute (After heavy exercise up
to 25 times per minute)
9. Why do we yawn when we are sleepy or drowsy?
● One is that when we are bored or tired, we just don’t
breathe as deeply as we usually do.
● Our bodies take in less oxygen because our breathing has
slowed.
● Therefore, Yawning helps us bring more oxygen into the
blood and move more carbon dioxide out of the blood.
10. How do we breathe?
● We breathe through our nostrils into our nasal cavity.
● From the nasal cavity, the air reaches our lungs through
the wind pipe.
● Lungs are present in our chest cavity , which is
surrounded by ribs on the sides.
● A large muscular sheet called diaphragm forms the floor
of the chest cavity.
● Breathing involves the movement of the diaphragm and
the rib cage.
12. ● During inhalation, the ribs move up and outward and
diaphragm moves down.
● This movement increases space in our chest cavity and
air rushes into the lungs.
● The lungs gets filled with air.
● During exhalation, ribs move down and inward, and the
diaphragm moves up to its former position.
● This reduces the size of the chest cavity and the air is
pushed out of the lungs.
16. ● From the nostrils the air passes into the nasal cavity and
then goes down the windpipe or trachea.
● From here, the air goes through two smaller tubes called
bronchi (singular bronchus), one of which enters each
lungs.
● In lungs each bronchus divides and redivides into finer
tubes called the bronchioles.
● Each bronchiole ends in a number of air sacs, called
alveoli (singular alveolus)
● Alveoli have very thin walls and are supplied with blood
capillaries.
20. Breathing in other animals
Cockroach
● A Cockroach has small openings on the side of its body called spiracles.
● Insects have a network of air tubes called tracheae for exchange of gases.
● Oxygen rich air rushes through the spiracles into the tracheal tubes, diffusing
into the body tissues, and reaches every cell of the body.
● Carbon dioxide from the cells goes into the tracheal tubes and moves out
through spiracles.
● These air tubes are found only in insects and not in any other group of
animals.
25. Earthworms
● Earthworms breathe through their skin
● The skin of the earthworm feels moist and slimy on
touching.
● Gases can easily pass through them.
Frogs
Frogs have a pair of lungs like human beings, they can also
breathe through their skin, which is moist and slippery.
28. Do plants also Respire?
● Plants respire. They take in oxygen and give out
carbon dioxide.
● In cells oxygen is used to break down glucose into
carbon dioxide and water.
● The leaves of plants have tiny pores called stomata
for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
● The root cells of plants also need oxygen to generate
energy.
● Roots take up air from the air spaces present between
the soil particles.
