science, health, sex education

1. THE MALE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM

2. FUNCTIONS:
• primarily functions in gamete
Production
Storage
Nourishment
Transport
• Fertilization – fusion of male and
female gametes to form a zygote

3. The reproductive system
includes:
• Gonads (Testes, ovaries)
• Ducts
• Accessory glands and
organs
• External genitalia

4. Male and Female
 Male
 Testes produce
spermatozoa –
expelled from
the body during
ejaculation
 Female
 Ovaries produce
oocytes –
immature ovum;
travels along the
fallopian tubes
towards the uterus
 Vagina connects
the uterus with the
exterior of the body

5. MALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
 Pathway of spermatozoa
- Seminiferous tubules- Ejaculatory duct
- Epididymis - Urethra
- Vas deferens - Penis
 Accessory organs
-Seminal vesicles
-Prostate glands
-Bulbourethral gland
-Scrotal sac
-Penis

7. The testes
Descent of the testes
-Movement of the testes through the
inguinal canal to the scrotum
-Occurs during fetal development
-Testes remain connected to internal
structures – spermatic cord

10. Male anatomy
Musculature of scrotal sac
•Dartos muscle wrinkles scrotal sac
•Cremaster muscle pulls scrotal sac
close to the body in response to
temperature
Testes anatomy
•Tunica albuginea surrounds the
testis
•Septa extend from tunica albuginea

13. Sperm production
In seminiferous tubules
•Interstitial cells between
seminiferous tubules
•Secrete sex hormones
Sperm pass through rete testis
Efferent ductules connect rete testis
to epididymis

15. Spermatogenesis
-Production of sperm cells
Seminiferous tubules contain
spermatogonia – stem cells
involved in spermatogenesis
• Contain sustentacular cells –
sustain and promote sperm
development

19. Anatomy of a spermatozoon
Each spermatozoon has:
•Head – has the nucleus and densely
packed chromosomes
•Midpiece – has mitochondria that
produce ATP needed for motility
•Tail – structure for movement

20. Male reproductive tract
•Testis produce mature
spermatozoa
•Sperm enters epididymis
-The epididymis monitors and
adjusts fluid in seminiferous
tubules
-Stores and protects spermatozoa
-Facilitates functional maturation
of the spermatozoa

22. Ductus deferens/Vas deferens
• Begins at epididymis
• Passes through inguinal canal
• Enlarges to form ampula
• Ejaculatory duct at the base of
seminal vesicle and ampula
• Empties into urethra

23. Urethra
• From urinary bladder to tip of
penis
• Three regions:
 Prostatic
 Membranous
 Penile

26. Accessory glands
• Seminal vesicle
 Active secretory gland
 Contributes 60% of the total
volume of the semen
 Secretion contains fructose,
fibrinogen, and prostaglandins

27. • Prostate gland
 secretes slightly acidic prostate
fluid
• Bulbourethral gland
 secrete alkaline fluid with
lubricating properties
 often referred as pre-ejaculatory
fluid

28. Contents of semen
• Typical ejaculate contains: (2-5 mL
fluid)
contains 20-100 million
spermatozoa per mL
• Seminal fluid
a distinct nutritive glandular
secretion
 Semen – extremely basic pH
level

29. The external genitalia
• Scrotum
• Penis:
 Contains 3 masses of erectile
tissues: two corpora cavernosa
surrounding an artery, one corpus
spongiosum surrounding the urethra
 Dilation of the erectile tissues
produces erection

31. Hormones
• FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone) –
targets sustentacular cells to promote
spermatogenesis
• LH (Luteinizing hormones) – causes
secretion of testosterone and other
androgens
• Testosterone – gives primary and
secondary sex characteristics
• GnRH (Gonadotropin releasing
hormone) – helps with sperm
production

32. Common Diseases
Hydrocele – a fluid filled sac partially
surrounding the testes. Manifests
itself as a swelling on the side of the
scrotum
Prostate diseases
• Benigh prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
– Swelling of the prostate gland
which surrounds the base of the male
bladder and urethra causing difficulty

33. • Prostate cancer
Erectile dysfunction – inability to
achieve erection hard enough to
fulfill sexual intercourse