Project report for third year mechanical

1. Report
Horizontal Axis Wind Mill
1.0 Rationale
In this Project we mention about the horizontal axis wind mill, its type
components with their function , definition, application, advantages, dis-advantages and
may more in detailed.
2.0 Aims/ Benefits of the Micro Project:
Aim of micro project is about to studying & the learning about the
horizontal axis wind mill, type, construction components and their function with working
of horizontal axis wind mill and also advantages & dis- advantages.
3.0 Course Outcomes Achieved
a. Learn the wind energy system.
b. Understand the construction and Working of wind mill.
c. Find out type of Energy system.

2. 4.0 Literature Review :
1. D.A. Nikam et al. analyzed the literature review on design and development of vertical
axis wind turbine blade. This paper explains that the wind mill such as vertical and
horizontal wind mill is widely used for energy production. The horizontal wind mill is
highly used for large scale applications which require more space and huge
investment. Whereas the vertical wind mill is suitable for domestic application at low
cost. The generation of electricity is affected by the geometry and orientation of the
blade in the wind turbine. To optimize this by setting the proper parameter for the
blade design. The experimental result indicates that the blade plays critical role in the
performance and energy production of the turbine. The optimized blade parameter and
its specification can improve the generation of electricity.
2. Vivek Cm analyzed the literature review Wind energy is one of the major forms of
renewable energy resources found abundantly which is widely used as an alternative
energy. Wind power is sustainable and the production of electricity using wind energy
is increasing day by day due to lack of availability of fossil fuels. The energy can be
converted into electricity by using vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) and Horizontal
axis wind turbine (HAWT). The vertical axis wind turbine is highly used for domestic
applications where the volume of production is low and efficiency is optimal while the
horizontal axis wind turbine is widely for larger volume of production requires huge
investment and the efficiency is high. This paper focused on increasing the efficiency
of using wind energy by producing large amount of electricity and reduces the space
for installation. This can be done by combining the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT)
and horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) in a same tower. The combined vertical and
horizontal axis wind turbine reduces the cost for larger volume of electricity
generation
5.0 Actual Methodology Followed :
a) First, I take a knowledge about micro project which is given by MSBTE
b) Then I see the topic of a micro project which is given in the syllabus of MSBTE
c) Then I select the topic of a micro project and register our topic to our Project Guide
Prof. R.R.Salunke and our topic is Horizontal Axial Wind Mill.
a) Then I ask the references for the project
b) Then I collect the format of the micro project given by the MSBTE from HOD of our
department
c) Then I start to collect the information of our micro project.
d) I put the all collected information in the format
e) Then I show our project soft copy to our guide. Our guide suggests some requirements
in the project.
f) I improve all requirements shown by our project guide.
g) After it I print our project by the permission of the project guide
h) And attach certificates to the project
i) And submit it to the guide

3. ➢ Project Details
 Define Wind Energy :
Wind energy is a form of solar energy. Wind energy (or wind power) describes the
process by which wind is used to generate electricity. Wind turbines convert the
kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power. A generator can convert mechanical power
into electricity.
 Type of wind turbine :
i. Horizontal Axis Wind Mill
ii. Vertical Axis Wind Mill
 Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine
The horizontal axis wind turbine
(HAWT) is widely used for higher volume
of production which requires huge
investment and occupies more space for the
installation compared with vertical axis
wind turbine (VAWT). The rotational axis
of horizontal axis wind turbine is parallel
towards the direction of wind in order to
generate electricity . It requires large tower
and blade to install and the transportation
cost is nearly 20% of the equipment of the
cost. Highly skilled labours are required to
install the horizontal axis wind turbine. The
production cost is low when generating
higher volume of electricity. The efficiency
of horizontal axis wind turbine is high than
the vertical axis wind turbine. The
horizontal axis wind turbines are most
suitable for sea shores, hill tops etc.,
➢Construction and Working of Components
Tower:
A tower that supports the nacelle and rotor hub at its top. These are made from tubular
steel, concrete, or steel lattice. Height of the tower is an important in design of HWAT.
Because wind speed increases with height, taller towers enable turbines to capture more
energy and generate more electricity. Generally output power of the wind system increases
with increase in height and also reduces the turbulence in wind. The theoretical view of tower
height versus power out is shown in figure 7 . click on the link to get more about size of the
towers

4. Blades:
Wind turbine blades are used to extract the kinetic energy of wind and convert to
mechanical energy. These blades are made up of fiber glass-reinforced polyester or wood-
epoxy. Wind turbines have one or two or three or multiple blades based up on the
construction. Most of the HAWT have three blades. These are connected to rotor hub.
Multiple blade concept is used in earlier days for pumping water and grinding etc.
Nacelle:
A housing which contains all the
components which is essential to operate
the turbine efficiently is called a nacelle.
It is fitted at the top of a tower and
includes the gear box, low- and high-
speed shafts, generator, controller, and
brakes. A wind speed anemometer and a
wind vane are mounted on the nacelle.
Hub :
A rotor hub is provided for
coupling a wind turbine rotor blade and a
shaft. The hub assembly consists of hub,
bolts, blade bearings, pitch system and
internals . Rotor hubs are made with
welded sheet steel, cast iron, forged steel.
The types of rotor hubs are
• Hinge-less hub
• Teetering hub

5. Drive shaft :
Drive shafts are a hollow or solid steel
hardened shaft under very high stresses and
considerable torque. Drive shafts are used to
transfer rotational mechanical energy from
blade hub to the generator to produce
electricity. A wind turbine normally consists
two shafts .
Main shaft:
It is connected between blade hub and input to the gear box. It rotates at low speeds.
So, it is also called as 'low speed shaft'.
Generator shaft:
`It connects the gear box output to the generator input. It rotates at very high-speed
equals to the rating of the generator. It is also called 'high speed shaft'.
Generator:
The output rotational mechanical energy of the gear box is connected to the generator
through generator shaft. It works on the principle of 'Faraday's law of electromagnetic
induction". It converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Gear box :
Gear box used in wind
energy systems to change low
speed high toque power
coming from a rotor blade to
high speed low torque power
which is used for generator. It
is connected in between main
shaft and generator shaft to
increase rotational speeds
from about 30 to 60 rotations
per minute (rpm) to about
1000 to 1800 rpm. Gearboxes
used for wind turbine are
made from superior quality
aluminum alloys, stainless
steel, cast iron etc.
The various gear boxes used in wind turbines are
1. Planetary Gearbox
2. Helical Gearbox
3. Worm Gearbox

6.  Advantages
1. The tall tower base allows access to stronger wind in sites with wind shear. In some wind
shear sites, every ten meters up the wind speed can increase by 20% and the power output
by 34%.
2. High efficiency, since the blades always move perpendicularly to the wind,
receiving power through the whole rotation.
 Disadvantages
1. The tall towers and blades up to 90 meters long are difficult to transport. Transportation
can be 20% of equipment costs.
2. Tall HAWTs are difficult to install, needing very tall and expensive cranes and skilled
operators.
3. Massive tower construction is required to support the heavy blades, gearbox, and
generator.
 Applications
It is used generate electric energy from wind energy. Allowing the angle of attack to be
remotely adjusted gives greater control, so
the turbine collects the maximum amount of wind energy for the time of day and season.

7. 6.0Actual Resources Used
Sr.
No.
Name of Resources /material Specifications QTY Remarks
1. Textbook (G-Scheme) Nirali Prakashan 1
2. Websites From Google -
7.0 Output of the Micro-Project
a. Learn the wind energy system.
b. Understand the construction and Working of wind mill.
c. Find out type of Energy system.
8.0 Skill Developed /Learning outcomes of this Micro Project
1. Developed a skill to find type of axis wind mill.
2. Able to identify components.
3. Get learned working of components.
9.0 Application of this Micro Project:
1. To know about horizontal axis wind mill turbine.
2. Learn in detail as given in syllabus.
3. Find out effectiveness in HAWT.
10.0 References:
1. https://www.researchgate.net/
2. A review on vertical and horizontal axis wind turbine : Vivek Cm.
3. A New Method for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) Blade Optimization.