3. Learning Objectives
Malaria
1Definition of malaria.
2Types of parasite causes malaria .
3Life cycle of different malaria parasite+
Pathogenesis
4Symptoms and sign of malaria.
5Investigation of malaria .
6 Differential diagnosis
7 treatment and prevention of malaria .
diagnosis
4. Introduction
Approximately 300 million
people worldwide are affected
by malaria and between 1 and
1.5 million people die from it
every year. Previously extremely
widespread, the malaria is now
mainly confined to Africa, Asia
and Latin America
5. Malaria
is an infectious disease caused by a
parasite, (called Plasmodium), which
is transmitted via the bites of
infected mosquitoes , that infect red
blood cells in the human body.
6. Causes
Malaria is caused by a type of
microscopic parasite that's
transmitted most commonly by
mosquito bites(female
Anopheles mosquito).
9. This is the rarest of all the malaria types and is
mostly found in Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria and the
tropical West African region
Symptoms:
fatigue, diarrhoea, bouts of fever and chills
incubation period:
10. This type of malaria is not as wide spread as the
other types and is known to have less than 1
percent infections in the Indian subcontinent.
Symptoms:
high fever and chills.
incubation period:
11. It has the widest distribution around the globe.
Approximately 60% of infections in India are caused by P.v.
Although it seldom causes death or other serious
problems, it can still cause major illness
Symptoms:
fatigue, diarrhoea, bouts of fever and chills. Flulike symptoms.
incubation period:
12. (P.f).
The plasmodium parasite is recognised as the
most lethal parasite that causes most infections
and deaths related to malaria
Symptoms:
incubation
period:
fatigue, dizziness, abdominal pain, aching
muscles, enlarged spleen, sore back, joint pain,
vomiting, nausea, fever, headache.
16. Pathogenesis
numerous known
and unknown waste
substances, such as
red cell membrane
products, hemozoin
pigment, and other
toxic factors
headache, fever, nausea and
vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia,
tiredness, aching joints and
muscles, thrombocytopenia,
immunosuppression, and central
nervous system manifestations .
activate macrophages and
endothelial cells to secrete
cytokines and inflammatory
mediators such as tumor necrosis
factor, interferon-Îł and other
factor.
23. Dr. ask the patient number of
questions concerning:
â˘Current symptoms.
â˘Medical conditions.
â˘Family medical history.
â˘Current medications.
â˘Recent travel history.
30. The specific malaria treatment recommended will depend on:
â˘The type (species) of the infecting parasite.
â˘The severity of malaria symptoms .
â˘The patient's age .
â˘Any other illnesses or conditions.
â˘Pregnancy.
â˘Drug allergies.
â˘Other medications taken by the patient.