Separates particles on principle of centrifugal force

1. Presented to:
Asst. Professor Maninder
Kaur
Presented by:
Malvika
M.E(FT) 2nd yr
1955

2. • Introduction
• Principle
• Working
• Material used
• Factors affecting efficiency
• Types
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• References

3. INTRODUCTION
• Cyclone separators are separation devices (dry
scrubbers) that use the principle of centrifugal
force to remove particulate matter from gases.
• Cyclone separators is one of many air pollution
control devices known as precleaners since they
generally remove larger pieces of particulate
matter.
• This prevents finer filtration methods from having
to deal with large, more abrasive particles later
on.

4. • It is the centrifugal force that separates the particles from the gas
stream as the particles are forced to hit the walls of the separator and
the incoming air is forced automatically to adopt a fast-revolving
spiral movement(double vortex).
• Centrifugal force =(mv2)/r
• where,
m = particle size
v = air velocity
r = radial distance from cyclone wall

5. Working
• Parts
1. Body or Barrel: Cylindrical part
2. Cone : Narrowing conical section
• The dirty gas is fed into a chamber.
• The air moves downward making a spiral votex
and as it moves downward its velocity increases. .
• The lighter components of this gas have less
inertia, so it is easier for them to be influenced
by the vortex and travel up it.

6. • Larger components of particulate matter have
more inertia and are not as easily influenced
by the vortex.
• As these large components have difficulty in
following the high speed spiral vortex so they
hit the walls of barrel and drop down into the
collection hopper.
• These chambers are shaped like an upside-
down cone to promote the collection of these
particles at the bottom of the container.
• The cleaned gas escapes out the top of the
chamber.
Inner (blue) and Outer
(black) Vortex

8. • Most cyclones are built to control and remove particulate matter that
is larger than 10 micrometers in diameter.
• However, there do exist high efficiency cyclones that are designed to
be effective on particles as small as 2.5 micrometers.
• Out of all of the particulate-control devices, cyclone separators are
among the least expensive.
• They are often used as a pre-treatment before the gas enters more
effective pollution control devices

9. • Stainless steel is almost always the choice material
for construction due to its rigidity and strength.
• Some process systems may contain corrosive
flowing mediums, so it is necessary to add a
protection layer to the cyclone’s internal surfaces.

10. 1. Particle density
• Dense particles such as ferrous oxides can be separated with a 99% or greater
efficiency, irrespective of particle size.
• The particles with high density hit the walls and move downward towards the
rejection port while the ones with low density move upward with the air.
• When the particle density decreases, the efficiency decreases.
2. Particle size
• Larger particles can be more easily separated than smaller particles.
• Particles smaller than five microns are difficult to separate without using very small
separators.
• Particle exceeding 10 microns can be easily separated .
• A reduction in particle size will give a corresponding reduction in efficiency.

11. 3. Diameter of barrel
• A larger diameter cyclone separator will not be able to separate particles as efficiently as a
smaller diameter separator.
• The efficiency of the separator increases as the cone diameter decreases.
• Thus, reducing the cone diameter enables the removal of finer and finer particles.
• A small diameter cone will extract much finer particles from a gas stream than a larger
diameter cone.
4. Pressure Drop
• It can be thought of as the amount of energy required to move the gas through the separator.
• Appropriate pressure drop should be determined according to size of separator.
• Low pressure drop isn't able to move gas efficiently inside the barrel.

12. Gas
Cyclone
Separator
Reverse
Flow
Axial Flow

13. Reverse Flow
• Reverse flow cyclone separators are cone
shaped.
• Gas enters the top of the separator body, flows
downward, then flows back upward and is
discharged.

14. • For axial flow (a.k.a. straight through)
cyclone separators, gas enters at one end
and is discharged at the opposite end.

15. • Advantages
• Cheap to purchase.
• Low maintenance.
• Suitable for high temperatures.
• Do not require much space.
• Disadvantages
• Inefficient when handling
small/fine particles.
• Not suitable for ‘sticky’
substances.

16. • https://savree.com/en/product/cyclone-separator-working-principle-
dust-separator/
• https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Cyclone_separator#:~:text=
Cyclone%20separators%20or%20simply%20cyclones,larger%20pieces
%20of%20particulate%20matter.
• https://imgur.com/gallery/EizQNqz/comment/180627163?nc=1
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclonic_separation