1. Child Survival
A Global Issue

2. The Problem
• Child survival is a huge global issue facing the world
today, from early childhood development and
HIV/AIDS to Nutrition and Water sanitation and
hygiene. UNICEF is a huge supporter of this issue
and is committed to end preventable child deaths.

3. What is UNICEF?
• The United Nations Children's Fund
• “United Nations Program headquartered in New
York City that provides long-term humanitarian and
developmental assistance to children and mothers
in developing countries.” (Wikipedia)

4. UNICEF
• UNICEF is mandated by the United Nations General Assembly to
advocate for the protection of children's rights, to help meet their
basic needs and to expand their opportunities to reach their full
potential.
• UNICEF is guided by the Convention on the Rights of the Child
and strives to establish children's rights as enduring ethical
principles and international standards of behavior towards
children.
• UNICEF insists that the survival, protection and development of
children are universal development imperatives that are integral
to human progress.
• UNICEF mobilizes political will and material resources to help
countries, particularly developing countries, ensure a "first call for
children" and to build their capacity to form appropriate policies
and deliver services for children and their families.
• UNICEF is committed to ensuring special protection for the most
disadvantaged children - victims of war, disasters, extreme
poverty, all forms of violence and exploitation and those with
disabilities.

5. • UNICEF responds in emergencies to protect the rights of
children. In coordination with United Nations partners
and humanitarian agencies, UNICEF makes its unique
facilities for rapid response available to its partners to
relieve the suffering of children and those who provide
their care.
• UNICEF is non-partisan and its cooperation is free of
discrimination. In everything it does, the most
disadvantaged children and the countries in greatest
need have priority.
• UNICEF aims, through its country programs, to promote
the equal rights of women and girls and to support their
full participation in the political, social, and economic
development of their communities.
• UNICEF works with all its partners towards the attainment
of the sustainable human development goals adopted
by the world community and the realization of the vision
of peace and social progress enshrined in the Charter of
the United Nations.

6. Intervention Points
• Early Childhood Development
• HIV/AIDS
• Nutrition
• Water Sanitation and Hygiene

7. EARLY CHILDHOOD
DEVELOPMENT

8. EARLY CHILDHOOD
EDUCATION
• THE 3 BASIC NECESSITIES IN LIFE ARE FOOD,
CLOTHING AND SHELTER.
• THE FIRST 3 YEARS OF LIFE ARE THE MOST CRITICAL IN
COGNITIVE AND SOCIAL EMOTIONAL
DEVELOPMENT.
• UNICEF AGREES THAT THESE FIRST 3 YEARS PLAY A
VITAL ROLE IN BREAKING THE CYCLE OF POVERTY,
PROMOTING ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY AND
ELIMINATING SOCIAL DISPARITIES AND INEQUALITIES.

9. WHY EARLY CHILDHOOD
EDUCATION?
• 7.6 MILLION CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE OF 5 DIE
EACH YEAR.
• MORE THAN 25 TIMES THAT NUMBER SURVIVE BUT DO
NOT REACH THEIR FULL POTENTIAL.
• MANY DO NOT REACH THEIR FULL HUMAN POTENTIAL
BECAUSE OF POVERTY, HUNGER, INADEQUATE CARE
AND INSUFFICIENT OPPORTUNITIES TO LEARN.

10. WHY EARLY CHILDHOOD
EDUCATION?
• EARLY EDUCATION CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE
THROUGH ADULTHOOD.
• CHILDREN RECEIVING EARLY EDUCATION ARE MORE
LIKELY TO BE SUCCESSFUL IN SCHOOL, AND AS
ADULTS ARE MORE LIKELY TO HAVE HIGHER
EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS, LIVE A HEALTHIER LIFE
AND LOWER LEVELS OF CRIME RATES.

11. UNICEF & ECE
• This basically sums it all up and is an amazing paragraph
on ECE:
• Based on new research and a new understanding of the
complete well-being of the child, early child
development is increasingly being put on the agenda
for children’s rights. Ensuring the healthy cognitive,
social and emotional development of young children
merits the highest priority of every responsible
government, organization, community, family and
individual for the sake of raising healthy children
worldwide. Reaching children in a holistic manner
and incorporating health, nutrition, water and sanitation,
education and interventions that support their full
development is crucial. (UNICEF, 2013)

12. HALF THE SKY & ECE
• WE SAW MANY INSTANCES IN HALF THE SKY OF THE
DIFFERENCES AN EARLY EDUCATION OR AN
EDUCATION AT ALL COULD MAKE ON PEOPLE.
• FROM EARLY EDUCATION TO PRENATAL CARE,
EDUCATION CHANGED LIVES AND SAVED LIVES.
• THE SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT WAY TO ENCOURAGE
WOMEN AND GIRLS TO STAND UP FOR THEIR RIGHTS
IS EDUCATION, AND WE CAN DO FAR MORE TO
PROMOTE UNIVERSAL EDUCATION IN POOR
COUNTRIES (HALF THE SKY, P.53).

13. HIV & AIDS

14. UNICEF & HIV/AIDS
• UNICEF specializes in HIV prevention, as well as in
protection, care and support for babies, children, young
people and mothers affected by the virus.
• “Unite for Children, Unite Against AIDS Campaign” was
launched in 2005 to reverse the HIV and AIDS epidemic
by 2015.
• Eliminating new HIV infections among children is an
ambitious but achievable goal. With the support of the
every woman every child movement, an aids-free
generation can be ours. There is no better investment
than the health of women and children.”
-Ban Ki-moon, secretary-general of
the United Nations

15. HIV Statistics
• An estimated 34.0 million people were living with HIV as
of 2011
• 3.3 million of them were children under 15 years
• 16.7 million were women
• Every day, nearly 7,000 persons became infected with
HIV
• Nearly 5,000 persons die daily from AIDS
• As of 2011, roughly 17.3 million children under the age of
18 have lost one or both parents to AIDS, and millions
more have been affected
• Of the estimated 1.7 million people who died of AIDS-
related illnesses in 2011, 230,000 of them were children
under 15 years of age.

16. Strategies to Help Prevent
HIV
• Make women and child’s health a priority
• Prevent mother-to-child transmission
• Strengthen linkages between HIV programming and
national social welfare and community-based
support systems
• Strengthen primary HIV prevention and family
planning services
• Expand education

17. Strategies Continued…
• Address stigma and discrimination through strong
community engagement

18. Half the Sky & HIV/AIDS
• In Half the Sky is says “Quite apart from laying a
foundation for economic development, family
planning programs are also crucial these days in
fighting AIDS. HIV is a special problem for women, in
part because of biology…One of the greatest
moral and policy failures of the last thirty years is the
indifference that allowed AIDS to spread around
the globe” (pp. 135-136)
• Responding to HIV is a shared responsibility, and
achieving an AIDS-free generation will be a shared
triumph

19. Nutrition

20. Nutrition
• Proper nutrition helps give every child the best start in life
• Malnutrition causes 40% of the 11 million deaths of
children under five in developing countries
• Key tools in the effort to defeat malnutrition include: an
adequate diet, which includes immediate and exclusive
breastfeeding for the first six months, and continued
breastfeeding with age-appropriate complementary
foods, micronutrients, prevention and treatment of
disease and proper care and feeding practices.
• Protect the rights of women and girls. Wherever women
are discriminated against and uneducated, there is
greater malnutrition.

21. Malnutrition
Micronutrition
• Malnutrient micronutrition is when the body lacks
essential minerals – iodine, iron, and zinc- and vitamins A
and folate
• Iodine deficiencies can lead to severe mental or
physical impairment
• Iron deficiencies can lead to life-threatening anemia
In Half the Sky it says “Some 31 percent of households in the developing world do
not get sufficient iodine from water or food. The result is occasional goiters and,
much more frequently, brain damage when children are still in the womb…iodizing
salt may not be glamorous, but it gets more bang for the buck than almost any
form of foreign aid” (pp. 172 & 247)
• Vitamin A deficiencies can lead to blindness and
weakened immune system
• Folate deficiencies lead to low birth weight or birth
defects such as spinal bifida

22. Breastfeeding
• initial source of vital micronutrients, as well as
providing overall sound nutrition and good health
• The immune factors, growth factors, and other
protective factors in mother’s milk cannot be found
anywhere else in nature.
• Lack of breastfeeding in early infancy causes
approximately 1.5 million deaths.

23. UNICEF & The Global
Community
• Micronutrients enhance the nutritional value of food and have a
profound impact on a child’s development and a mother’s health.
UNICEF works with governments to deliver key minerals and vitamins –
iodine, iron, vitamin A and folate – through supplementation, fortification
and promotion of micronutrient-rich diets. To achieve the goals of virtual
elimination of vitamin A and iodine deficiencies, UNICEF collaborates with
a diverse group of public and private organizations, forming alliances
such as the Vitamin A Global Initiative.
• Families and communities are the key players in the battle against
childhood malnutrition and must work together to assess, analyze and
take action to solve any problems. UNICEF’s strategy is to empower
community members to become their own agents of change. UNICEF's
role is to work with governments to support participatory, community-
based programs focusing on children’s survival, growth and
development.
• Proper nutrition is a powerful good: people who are well nourished are
more likely to be healthy, productive and able to learn. Good nutrition
benefits families, their communities and the world as a whole. Children’s
nutrition and well being are the foundation of a healthy, productive
society.

24. Water Sanitation &
Hygiene

25. Water Sanitation &
Hygiene Facts
• 768 million people live without access to improved
drinking water sources
• 40 billion hours spent every year walking to collect
water in Africa alone
• 75% of the burden f collecting water is born by
women and children
• 272 million days of school missed per year due to
diarrhea
• 88% of the diarrhea cases are preventable through
safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene

26. Water Sanitation
• The UN as part of its millennium development goals set a
target of halving the proportion of people without
access to safe drinking water and sanitation by 2015.
• The world health organization (who) established the
household water treatment and safe storage network, a
consortium of over 100 organizations in developing
countries with the goals of fostering collaboration,
generating research, and establishing measures to scale
up pilot projects.
• Nearly 60% of infant mortality is linked to infectious
diseases, most of them water, sanitation and hygiene
related.
• Globally, diarrhea is the 3rd largest cause of morbidity
and 6th largest cause of morality.

27. UNICEF’s Role
• Unicef worked with un and other global partners to
supply water to over 200,000 people in tacloban
following typhoon Haiyan
• Unicef’s strong relationship with the Philippians
government helped acquire enough fuel supplies to run
water sanitation plants for 4 days
• As a result 30,000 access points across tacloban are
functioning. With full operation of the water treatment
plant, clean water volume will increase from 15,000 liters
to 60,000 liters
• Though clean water is a priority of Unicef. There are still
1.3 million people affected by this disaster, 5 million of
them children. 789,000 children have been displaced,
many unaccompanied.

28. Conclusion

29. A Collective Effort
• Early Childhood Development- If we as a global community actively create
policies educating children from an early age, we have exponentially
broaden their future, but also significantly increase their chances of thriving in
life.
• HIV/AIDS- As seen in the TED talks this semester with Emily Oster, HIV/ AIDS are
diseases that are related to life expectancy. If people think they wont live
long, they are more likely to have unprotected sex, knowing they can
contract this disease. If we improve the prior three points (Development,
water/Sanitation, and Nutrition) life expectancy will go up, and in turn
people’s thoughts should follow suit and lead to safer sexual practices.
• Nutrition- Along with Malnutrition comes fatigue, and disease. Providing food
or a sustainable measure, i.e. crops to consume would alleviate these issues in
the youth and once again open the doorway to progress through education
• Water Sanitation & Hygiene- If we can provide sustainable waterworks and
hygiene to third world countries the youth wouldn’t only be benefited by the
direct effects of eliminating water borne illness’s. If no longer having to trek for
water, or be incapacitated from disease, they would have much more time to
spend on education or work to support their future and family.

30. References
• Kristof, N,D, WuDunn, S. (2009). Half the Sky. New York, USA: Vintage Books.
• Improving Child Nutrition. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), 1-132. Retrieved
June 23, 2014, from
http://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/Nutrition_Report_final_lo_res_8_April.pdf
• http://www.unicefusa.org/2013/11/unicef-restores-water-supply-typhoon-
devastated-tacloban.html
• http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es072435t
• Nutrition. (n.d.). UNICEF. Retrieved June 23, 2014, from
http://www.unicef.org/nutrition/
• UNAIDS and UNWTO ST-EP Foundation release a unique new book on HIV for
children. (2014, May 8). UNAIDS and UNWTO ST-EP Foundation release a unique
new book on HIV for children. Retrieved June 23, 2014, from
http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/pressreleaseandstatementarchiv
e/2014/may/20140708bravestboyiknow/
• UNICEF. (2013). Why Early Childhood Development?
http://www.unicef.org/earlychildhood/
• Unite for Children, Unite Against AIDS. (n.d.). HIV/AIDS and children. Retrieved June
23, 2014, from http://www.unicef.org/aids/
• United Nations Children’s Fund, Towards an AIDS-Free Generation – Children and
AIDS: Sixth Stocktaking Report, 2013, UNICEF, New York, 2013.