TDIS 2014 - Dealing with the risks: web applications

Dealing with the risks: web applications | © 2014 MME BVBA, all rights reserved.
Dealing with the risks
web applications
Malik Mesellem

About me
 Malik Mesellem, Ethical Hacker
 MME BVBA, founded in 2010
 Specialized in audits & training
 Objective approach, independent
 Focus to advise and to educate
@MME_IT
#bWAPP
| ITAudits&SecurityMME

Dealing with the risks
 Contents
 Defense needed
 Security framework
 Attack scenarios
 Superbees wanted

Defense needed
 Web application security is today's most overlooked
aspect of securing the enterprise
 Hackers are concentrating their efforts on websites and
web applications
 Web apps are an attractive target for cyber criminality,
cyber warfare and hacktivism

Defense needed
 Why are web applications an attractive target?
 Easily available via the Internet (24/7)
 Mission-critical business applications with sensitive data
 Often direct access to backend data
 Traditional firewalls and SSL provide no protection
 Many applications are custom-made == vulnerable

DEFENSE
is needed !

Security framework
 bWAPP, or a buggy Web APPlication
 Deliberately insecure web application, includes all
major known web vulnerabilities
 Helps security enthusiasts, developers and students
to discover and to prevent issues
 Prepares one for successful penetration testing and
ethical hacking projects

Security framework
 Web application security is not just installing a firewall,
or scanning a site for ‘potential’ issues
 Black-box penetration testing, simulating real attack
scenarios, is still needed!
 Confirms potential vulnerabilities, and excludes false positives
 Guarantees that your defense measures are working effectively
 bWAPP helps to improve your security-testing skills…

Security framework
 What makes bWAPP so unique?
 Well, it has over 100 web vulnerabilities
 Covering all major known web bugs
 Including all risks from the OWASP Top 10
 Focus is not on one specific issue!

Commercial Web Scanners

Security framework
 Which bug do you want to hack today? (1)
 SQL, HTML, SSI, OS Command, XML, XPath, LDAP, PHP Code,
Host Header and SMTP injections
 Authentication, authorization and session management issues
 Malicious, unrestricted file uploads and backdoor files
 Arbitrary file access and directory traversals
 Heartbleed vulnerability (OpenSSL)
 Local and remote file inclusions (LFI/RFI)
 Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF)

Security framework
 Configuration issues: Man-in-the-Middle, Cross-Domain policy file,
FTP, SNMP, WebDAV, information disclosures,...
 HTTP parameter pollution and HTTP response splitting
 XML External Entity attacks (XXE)
 HTML5 ClickJacking, Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) and
web storage issues
 Unvalidated redirects and forwards
 Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks

Security framework
 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), Cross-Site Tracing (XST) and
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
 AJAX and Web Services issues (JSON/XML/SOAP)
 Parameter tampering and cookie poisoning
 HTTP verb tampering
 PHP-CGI remote code execution
 Local privilege escalations
 And much more 

Security framework
 Which bug do you want to hack today?

Security framework

Security framework
 External links
 Home page - www.itsecgames.com
 Download location - sourceforge.net/projects/bwapp
 Blog - itsecgames.blogspot.com

SQL injection
 SQL injection is very common in web applications
 Occurs when user input is sent to a SQL interpreter
as part of a query
 The attacker tricks the interpreter into executing
unintended SQL queries

SQL injection
 Injection in the OWASP Top 10

SQL injection
 Normal operation
DATABASE
SQL interpreter
WEB APP
HTML | SQL
BROWSER
HTML (GET/POST)
login
password
SELECT * FROM table
WHERE login = ‘login’ AND
password = ‘password’
result
HTML SQL

DATABASE
SQL interpreter
WEB APP
HTML | SQL
BROWSER
HTML (GET/POST)
login
’ or 1=1--
SELECT * FROM table
WHERE login = ‘login’ AND
password = ‘’ or 1=1-- ’
result
HTML SQL
SQL injection
 Abnormal operation

SQL injection
 Simple injections
 '--
 ' or 'a'='a
 ' or 'a'='a'--
 ' or '1'='1
 ' or 1=1--

SQL injection
 Union injections
 ' UNION SELECT field1, field2 FROM table--
 ' UNION SELECT table_name FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE table_schema=database()--
 Stacked queries
 '; DROP TABLE table;--

SQL Injection

Don’t try @ home!
 SQL injection
 Bypassing login forms
 Manually extracting data
 Automated SQL injection
 Website defacement

Cross-Site Scripting
 Cross-Site Scripting, or XSS, occurs when an attacker
injects a browser script into a web application
 Insufficient validation of user-supplied data
 Dangerous when it is stored permanently!
 XSS can lead to
 Website defacements
 Phishing / session hijacking
 Client-side exploitation

Cross-Site Scripting
 XSS in the OWASP Top 10

Don’t try @ home!
 Cross-Site Scripting
 Detecting XSS
 Phishing attack
 Client-side exploitation

Heartbleed bug
 Vulnerability in the popular OpenSSL cryptographic
software library, discovered in April 2014 (!)
 Allows stealing information protected by SSL/TLS…
just by sending a simple heartbeat request!
 Sensitive data that might be stolen
 Logon credentials
 Session data
 Private keys

Don’t try @ home!
 Heartbleed bug
 Stealing credentials

Denial-of-Service
 Denial-of-Service attack, or DoS attack
 Attacker attempts to prevent legitimate users from
accessing the application, server or network
 Consumes bandwidth, server sockets, or CPU resources
 Distributed Denial-of-Service attack, or DDoS
 Popular techniques used by hacktivists

Denial-of-Service
 Newer layer 7 DoS attacks are more powerful!
 “Low-bandwidth application layer DoS”
 Advantages of layer 7 DoS
 Legitimate TCP/UDP connections, difficult to differentiate
from normal traffic
 Requires lesser number of connections, possibility to stop
a web server from a single attack
 Reach resource limits of services, regardless of the
hardware capabilities of the server

Denial-of-Service
 Layer 7 DoS methods
 HTTP Slow Headers
 HTTP Slow POST
 HTTP Slow Reading
 Apache Range Header
 SSL/TLS Renegotiation
 XML Bombs

Don’t try @ home!
 Denial-of-Service
 HTTP Slow POST

Superbees wanted
 Hi little bees, during this talk we
 Defaced the website
 Compromised the server
 Compromised a client
 Made the server unreachable
 Hijacked a session
 Stole credentials…

 And we have so much more bugs to exploit…
 Definitely time to improve your web security
 Defense is needed, security-testing is required!
 Downloading bWAPP is a first start
 Remember: every bee needs a superbee
 Are you that superbee?
Superbees wanted
@MME_IT
#bWAPP

About me
 Malik Mesellem
Email | malik@itsecgames.com
LinkedIn | be.linkedin.com/in/malikmesellem
Twitter | twitter.com/MME_IT
Blog | itsecgames.blogspot.com

TDIS 2014 - Dealing with the risks: web applications

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TDIS 2014 - Dealing with the risks: web applications