Genesis 1:5 - Meditate the Scripture Daily bit by bit
Mental Illness, Mental Health Workshop
1. Madina Therapy
“MEND THE MIND, PURIFY THE SOUL”
MENTAL HEALTH
AWARENESS, ACCEPTANCE & ADVOCACY
IN LIGHT OF ISLAMIC PSYCHOLOGY
SOHADA MOHAMED, UM.MUMIN
MADINA MUNAWWARAH, MARCH 11TH, 2017
In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious Most Merciful
3. Workshop Intro& Purpose
Project Mercy of Madina in Spreading
Mental Health Awareness
Mental Health Disability Advocacy
Treatment Guidance
Holistic Care in light of Islamic Psychology
4. Defining the Differences
Mental Health Mental Illness
Involves effective functioning in
daily activities resulting in
Productive activities (work, school,
caregiving)
Fulfilling relationships
Ability to adapt to change and
cope with adversity
All diagnosable mental
disorders—
Health conditions involving
significant changes in thinking,
emotion, and/or behavior
Distress and/or problems
functioning in social, work, or
family activities.
5. “
”
Mental health is the foundation for thinking,
communication, learning,
resilience, and self-esteem. It is the
key to personal well-being, relationships, and
contributing to community or society.
MENTAL HEALTH ISN’T JUST ABOUT THE MIND AND
PERCEPTIONS, BUT VERY MUCH ABOUT THE HEART AND ITS
PURPOSE.
6. Pure Islamic Psychology
Everything is related to the HEART, whatever problems we face.. Its about
reviving our remembrance of Allah and turning to Him.
Getting to the heart and soul of the problem, is how where many end up
finding Allah. So we are tested, for that one purpose. To find Allah..and
submit.
Islamic psychology takes into account Divine intervention (Qadar), and
submission to Allah.
Without Allah, a person will suffer anxiety, depression, and despair. With
Allah, anxiety, depression and mental health may decline but
because hope of Allah’s Mercy is there, they can still keep afloat and
survive.
Theory about Materialism
7. Stigma leads to Discrimination
Mental illnesses are widespread even amongst Muslims who
practice Islam as a way of life. Often leads to to ABUSE,
REJECTION and ISOLATION and excludes people from health care,
support and community..EVEN in the Ummah.
8. More on Stigma& Misconceptions
Some who have a mental illness are in denial. This is how they have
always been or how they have always remembered themselves to
be, so they have a distorted understanding of what is typical and
expected.
But just as afflictions just like heart disease or diabetes are treatable,
people can and do overcome these struggles and cope from day
to day. People who have more success tend to be those who are
religiously inclined and have a network of spiritual support.
(This does NOT mean those with mental illness are those
who have lost their religion or are less religious!!)
9. Global Statistics means
Ummah Statistics…
Huge inequity in the distribution of skilled human resources for mental
health world-wide.
Shortages of psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, psychologists, social
workers, recreational therapists and occupational therapists among the
main barriers to providing treatment and care in low- and middle-income
countries.
These numbers are even further reduced when searching for Islamic
based Psychological services upon the Quran and Sunnah such as
trained Raaqis who have strong knowledge in deen, mental health
ailments and are able to differentiate between spiritual afflictions
versus mental afflictions.
10. Risk Increase& Injustice
War and disasters have a large impact on mental health and psychosocial
well-being. PTSD is a common condition, but many other mental
illnesses can/do develop as a result.
Rates of mental disorder tend to double after emergencies.
Mental disorders are important risk factors for other diseases, as well as
unintentional and intentional injury
Human rights violations of people with mental and psychosocial disability
are routinely reported in most countries
These include physical restraint, seclusion and denial of basic needs
and privacy. Only a few countries have a legal framework that adequately
protects the rights of people with mental disorders.
12. Children with Mental Illness, Muslim
Kids included…
Myth #1: Mental health problems do not affect children or youth.
Any problems they have are just part of growing up or possession!
Reality: One in five children and youth struggle with their mental health.
20% of the world's children and adolescents have mental disorders or
problems.
Up to 70% of adult mental illness begins during childhood or
adolescence, including: depression, eating disorders, obsessive
compulsive disorder and anxiety disorders.
About half, 50% begin by the tender age of 14 years, this is consistent
across cultures.
Neuropsychiatric disorders are among the leading causes of
worldwide disability in young people.
Regions of the world with the highest percentage of population under the
age of 19 have the poorest level of mental health resources.
13. Myth #2 Parental Guilt Justified
Myth #2 about Children with Mental Illness: It is the parents’
fault if children suffer from mental health problems.
Reality: Mental health disorders in children are caused by
environment, abuse, neglectful treatment or stressful events
biology, hasad, magic, and a sometimes there's no explanation for
it- just a trial that Allah has willed for the parents- more for
them then the children themselves.
Usually there isn’t one single cause of mental illness in a child, but
there are multiple causes (and in adults too)
14. Myth vs. Reality #3
@Locking them up
Myth #3: People with a mental illness are ‘psycho’, ‘mental’,
‘insane’, ‘crazy’ ‘mad’ ‘temperamental’ and dangerous, so they
should be locked away.
Reality: Most people who have a mental illness struggle with
depression and anxiety. They have normal lives, but their feelings and
behaviors negatively affect their day-to-day activities.
Conduct disorders or acting out behaviors are consistently the
primary reason for referral to a children’s mental health agency.
16. Myth vs. Reality #4
@Schizophrenia
Myth # 4: All people with Schizophrenia are violent.
Reality: Very little violence in society is caused by people who are mentally ill
(violence and mental illness).
Hollywood often portrays mentally ill people as dangerous. People with a
major mental illness are more likely to be victims of violence than perpetrators.
Some of the calmest individuals, and its not just because of the meds they are
on.
Schizophrenia does not always means possession. Although it can resemble
possession, there are people who are religious yet develop it, or are afflicted
by shaytan without possession.
17. Myth vs. Reality #5
@Depression
Myth #5: Depression is a character flaw and people should just ‘snap
out of it’.
Reality: Depression has nothing to do with being lazy or weak. It results
from several things in one’s life that causes changes in brain chemistry and
even brain function. How we feel, how our heart feels, our soul feels
affects every part of us and so as Muslims it makes sense that brain
chemistry would also change.
Therapy and/or medication help people to recover, and the best therapy
is for the soul is Quran. But with Quran comes positive change and steps
in taking in ones life. So work is involved in getting better and work that
helps is supporting individuals with help by making reachable goals for
them to overcome.
Depression often means no hope, In Islam depression is real and we see
this in Quran..but the difference is with our role models is there is always
hope.
19. Myth vs. Reality #6
@Addiction
Myth #6: Addiction is a lifestyle choice and shows a lack of willpower,
Muslims have a harder time getting access to these things- WRONG.
Reality: Studies show that addictions involve complex factors including
genetics, the environment, and sometimes other underlying psychiatric
conditions such as depression.
But if we look it at through the lens of spirituality, we see that when we fall
into a wrong, we have to be personally responsible for that. Being in denial
there is a problem only blinds us down deeper towards the path of
destruction and its very hard to help others who believe its too hard to help
themselves. Allah will not help up a people unless they do the efforts..
When people who become addicted have these underlying vulnerabilities it’s
harder for them to simply kick the habit.
20. “
”
I
Imaam Ibnul Qayyim says:
،باهلل األنس إال يزيلها ال وحشة القلب وفي هللا على اإلقبال إال يلمه ال ٌتَعَش القلب في إنوفي
باهلل الرضا إال يطفئها ال حسرة القلب وفي ،هللا إلى بالفرار إال يذهب ال وقلق خوف القلب
“In the heart of every human being, there is a sense of scattering
which can only be gathered by turning to Allah.
And in the heart there is a sense loneliness which can only be
dismissed by being close to Allah.
And in the heart there is fear and anxiety, which can only be
removed by fleeing to Allah. And in the heart there is a sense of
regret, which can only be removed by being satisfied with Allah”
Imam Ibn Qayyim, rahimAllah.
21. Shock Therapy Myth vs. Reality #7
Myth #7: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), also known as shock therapy,
is painful and barbaric.
Reality: ECT is an effective treatments for people whose depression is so
severe that antidepressant medications just don’t do the job, who are
debilitated by the depression and who are hurtful towards themselves
and others. Like a pregnant mother, or a caretaker in her home.
It can mean a means of avoiding being admitted to a facility.
Don’t judge what works and helps.
22. ECT Myth vs. Reality #7b
How Is ECT Performed?
A patient is given a muscle relaxant and goes under general anesthesia.
Electrodes are placed on the patient's scalp and a finely controlled
electric current is applied. This current causes a brief seizure in the
brain. Muscles are so relaxed that visible effects usually are limited to
slight movement of the hands and feet.
A few minutes later the patient wakes up and is often confused not
sure what just happened- just for a short period of time. ECT is usually
given up to three times a week for a total of two to four weeks
depending on each patient.
23. Myth vs. Reality: Lack Intelligence
#8
Myth #8: People with a mental illness lack intelligence.
Reality: Intelligence has nothing to do with mental illnesses
Many people with mental disorders are brilliant, creative, productive
people. While some people with mental disorders are not brilliant or
creative. Just like the general public.
Certain mental illnesses may make it difficult for people to remember
facts or get along with other people, making it seem like they are
cognitively challenged.
25. Shouldn’t’ Work Myth vs. Reality
#9
Myth #9: People with a mental illness shouldn’t work because they’ll
just drag down the rest of the staff.
Reality: People with mental illness can and do function well in the
workplace. The real problem is the prejudice against hiring people with
mental illness (how will disclosing my mental illness affect work/school).
Unemployment leaves them isolated, a situation that can add to their
stress, and make it more difficult to recover from the illness.
26. They are ALL the Same! Myth vs.
Reality #10
Myth #10: Mental illness is a single, rare disorder.
Reality: Anxiety disorders, mood disorders, personality disorders,
addiction disorders and impulse control disorders are all different
categories of very different mental illnesses- each with its own
features and underlying causes (common mental illnesses).
27. Forever Myth vs. Reality #11
Myth #11: People with a mental illness never get better.
Reality: TREATMENT WORKS! Treatments for mental illnesses are more
numerous and more sophisticated than ever and researchers continue to
discover new treatments by Allah’s Permission.
Healing is from Allah, different therapies, ruqya plans and approaches
work because of Allah’s Mercy.
28. Barriers of Awareness (why
misconceptions exist)
Many people with Mental Illness cannot afford services, lack of funding.
Lack of public mental health leadership
Lack of Understanding of what Mental Health and Mental Illness are
impedes on addressing these issues. Often religious teachers& leaders
will talk of the heart but many do not address the function of getting
daily activities done, and how to survive beyond connecting closer to
Allah.
Our deen is about faith and action.
29. Whats NOT a Mental Illness?
• An expected or culturally accepted reaction to a loss or difficulty,
such as the death of a loved one, is not a mental illness.
Even though in Islam, the “official” mourning is 3 days for someone
who has died (with the exception for a husband) the heart remains
broken for various lengths of time and one shouldn’t be made to feel
worse about that.
Adults with Cognitive Delays, Brain Injuries are not by default those
with Mental Illnesses
30. Defining Mental Illness
A significant behavioral psychological syndrome or pattern that
happens in an individual that is associated with distress, disability or lack
of thrive.
Increased risk of suicidal thoughts, physical pain that initiates as
emotional instability, and a deep sense of losing ones personal
control in choosing what benefits.
A condition that affects a person's thought processes, their feelings and
mood, and their perception of this life. Their heart is shattered and so
souls are often negatively affected.
31. Difference between Intellectual
(Cognitive) Disability and Mental
Illness?
ID- Problems with learning, understanding, processing information and
problem solving, communication, social skills and general living skills.
Intellectual disability is usually present from birth and will be evident
before adulthood. It is a permanent condition, not an illness or
disease.
Mental Illness- Emotions, mood, perceptions and behavior and can be
suffered by people of all levels of intellectual ability.
People with ID can have mental illness, but many do not, it is not by
default that they do. Down Syndrome, Cerebral Palsy, Brain Injury
32. Causes of Mental Illness
Mental Health conditions are the result of multiple causes that can
involve a mix of genetics, environment, lifestyle influence,
religiosity and the choices one makes.
Scientific research proves the actions we take also affects
biochemical processes, circuits and basic brain structure at the
neurotransmitter levels (synapses, connections in the brain).
As Muslims we believe that everything we experience also plays heavy
on our hearts and so the heart’s condition should never be
undermined and is central when addressing mental illness.
Possession, Hasad, WaasWaas can also be a cause of mental
illness. As Muslims we take a balanced, moderate view to this.
33. Causes of Mental Illness
Biological Causes
Learned Behaviors
Environmental Triggers
Possession/Maas
Evil Eye/Hasad
Black Magic
Combination of some
Combination of all
35. General Challenges for those with
Mental Illness
Mental health conditions can affect different aspects of an individual:
Perceptions
Thoughts
Moods
Behavior
Judgement Calls
Personality Traits
Decision Making
Inner-calm/contentment
36. Visible Signs of Mental Illness
Categories of Observations Examples of Observations
Cognition
Understanding situation, memory, concentration
Seems confused or disoriented, has gaps in
memory of events, answers questions
inappropriately
Affect/Mood
Eye Contact, Outbursts of Emotion/Indifference
Appears sad/depressed or overly high spirited,
overcome with hopelessness/overwhelmed by
circumstances, switches emotions abruptly
Speech
Pace, Continuity, Vocabulary
Speaks too quickly or too slowly, misses words,
uses vocabulary inconsistent with level of
education, stutters or has long pause in speech
Thought Patterns and Logic
Rationality, Tempo, Grasp of Reality
Seems to respond to unusual voices/visions,
Expresses bizarre or unusual ideas, disconnected
thoughts
Appearance
Hygiene, Attire, Behavioral Mannerisms
Appears disheveled, poor hygiene, trembles or
shakes, is unable to sit or stand still (unexplained),
wears inappropriate attire.
37. Importance of Spirituality and
Religiosity
Secular studies show that people involved in a religious or spiritual group of some kind
have a lower risk of premature death or illness than those not involved.
Other faith communities offer pastoral counseling services, which can be an additional
support to therapy and/or medication, and may help people cope with mental health
challenges, but this is lacking in our Ummah!
Imams aren’t always trained in how to advocate or help those with mental illness.
Neither are those who are well-versed in Quran and Hadith. Training should be an
inevitable thing, just like those who teach Quran should have the best manners. Those
who offer spiritual/Islamic counseling should know more about mental illness.
38. Religion and Spirituality Diagnosis
(DSM-5)
This is addressed in the American Psychiatric Association’s handbook of
diagnostic classification (DSM-5*) in the chapter on “Other Conditions That
May Be a Focus of Clinical Attention.”
This category is used when the focus of clinical attention is a religious or
spiritual problem.
Examples include distressing experiences that involve loss or questioning of
faith, problems associated with conversion to a new faith, or questioning
of spiritual values that may not necessarily be related to organized
religious institutions.
39. Mental Health& Spirituality
Many Muslims look for Raaqis or religious peoples or faith leaders in the
community to experiences they are going through.
They might think they are being possessed (possible)
Being punished by Allah (not all tests are punishments)
Companion of the Jinn harassing them
VIP to important to distinguish whether these are symptoms of a mental
disorder (delusions, auditory or visual hallucinations, and paranoia) of
distressing experiences stem from a religious or spiritual problem,
or both.
40. Spirituality Being Tested
Some Mental health illnesses that may have symptoms with a
religious or spiritual content include psychotic disorders (for
example, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder), mood
disorders (for example, major depression, bipolar disorders), and
substance use disorders, OCD among others.
41. “
”
Our culture has a way of ignoring mental illness and
in many cases equate it to having poor Eman. I’ve
often found that approach/belief to be quiet
insulting. Personally I have tried many medications
that turned out to be more debilitating than helpful.
I've found that having a passion for me it's
painting...helps immensely.
EMAN, 36 YEAR OLD AMERICAN EGYPTIAN MUSLIMAH
This is a testimony to show that purposeful activity leads to
purposeful meaning in life. The element of worship should never be
negated, but neither should good deeds towards oneself and others.
43. Anxiety Disorders
When anxiety becomes excessive, involves unfounded dread of
everyday situations, and interferes with a person’s life, it may be an
anxiety disorder.
45. Panic Disorder
Panic disorder is a sudden attack of fear or terror.
Symptoms may include a pounding heart, sweating,
weakness, dizziness, or smothering sensations.
People having a panic attack often fear they are about to be harmed
and feel that they are not in control.
47. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) involves frequent upsetting
thoughts (obsessions) that cause anxiety.
People with OCD usually do things over and over (compulsions) to
try to control their thoughts and anxiety.
Muslims here in Madinah and back in Massachusetts suffer from it.
They are religious and close to Allah, yet they are afflicted. Why is
that?
For example, a person might be afraid the stove was left on and return
again and again to check
49. Khinzab, may Allah protect us
‘Uthmaan ibn Abi’l-‘Aas (radiAllahu 'anhu) asked Prophet (salAllahu'alayhi
wasallam):
"Oh Messenger of Allah, the shaytaan interferes between me and my
prayer and my recitation, and he makes me confused."
Prophet (salAllahu'alayhi wasallam) said:
"That is a devil called Khinzab. If you feel that, then seek refuge with Allah
from him and spit dryly to your left three times."
'Uthmaan (radiAllahu 'anhu) narrated: "I did that and Allah took him away
from me."[Muslim (2203)]
Note:
- Spitting dryly is more of a dry blow so that the person beside you doesn’t even
realize you’re doing it. If you’re not sure how to do it, then avoid doing this
when someone is praying on your left!
51. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
(GAD)
Involves excessive anxiety and worry more days than not for at least
six months. In general this is the case for different types of
Anxiety Disorders.
52. Special Phobia
An intense fear or anxiety that is out of proportion to the actual risk or
danger posed by the object of the fear.
53. Social Anxiety Disorder
Social anxiety disorder involves extreme anxiety around others.
A person may be very afraid they are being watched or judged by
others.
The fear of being embarrassed may be so strong that it disrupts
relationships, work, and other activities.
54. Agoraphobia
Avoidance of situations where escape may be difficult, embarrassing,
or help might not be available if panic symptoms occur.
The fear is out of proportion to the actual situation, lasts six
months or more, and causes problems in functioning.
Some don’t ever want to leave their home, or their room for this
reason.
56. Depression or Sadness?
Depression is more intense and long-lasting than normal sadness.
It can develop slowly, draining the energy, pleasure, and meaning from a
person’s life.
About 7% of adults experience major depression in any given year, 1 in 5
experience depression in their lifetime.
Expression of depression differently.
Some people who are depressed may be more likely to complain of
body aches or other physical symptoms than of mood or emotional
symptoms.
57. Depression
Depression is a potentially serious medical condition that affects how a
person feels, thinks, and acts.
Person feels sad or has no interest or pleasure in normal activities for most
of 2 weeks.
Activities such as eating, socializing, intimacy with spouse, or recreation and
just about everything loses appeal.
Changes in appetite, sleep changes (sleeping too much or being unable to
sleep)
Agitation, restlessness, or changes in motor movement
Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
Problems thinking, concentrating, or making decisions
Lack of energy, fatigue
Thoughts of death or suicide
59. Criteria for Major Depression
Depressed Mood
Diminished Interest
Weight Loss or Gain
Sleep Disturbance
Restlessness or Being
Slowed Down
Fatigue & Loss of Energy
Thoughts of Death
Feelings of
Worthlessness or
Excessive Guilt
Difficulty Thinking &
Concentrating
Symptoms Occur
Every Day
Significant Distress
& Impairment
60. Anti-depressant Medications
Used to Relieve Symptoms of Depression
Sadness
Feelings of Failure
Loss of Interest in Life
Sleep Disturbances
Excessive Guilt
Loss of Energy/Fatigue
Thoughts of Death and Suicidal Thoughts
These meds do not CURE, they only NUMB these feelings and thoughts.
61. He is the One
who sends
down
tranquility
into the
hearts of
believers.
(Quran 48:4)
62. Suicide Warning Signs
Changes in behavior can be warning signs that someone may be thinking about or
planning suicide.
Talking writing about death, dying, or suicide when these actions are out of the ordinary
Making comments about being hopeless, helpless, or worthless
Expressions of having no reason for living; no sense
of purpose in life; saying things like “It would be better if I wasn’t here” or “I want out”
Increased alcohol and/or drug use: common drugs
Withdrawal from friends, family, and community
Reckless behavior or more risky activities, seemingly without thinking
Dramatic Mood Changes
Giving away prized possessions, putting affairs in order, tying up loose ends, changing a
will
63. Suicide
Mental and substance use disorders are the leading cause of disability
worldwide.
About 1 million people commit suicide every year
1 death every 40 seconds or 3,000/day.
Over 800 000 people die due to suicide every year and suicide is the
second leading cause of death in 15-29-year-olds.
There are indications that for each adult who died of suicide there
may have been more than 20 others attempting suicide.
75% of suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries. Mental
disorders and harmful use of alcohol contribute to many suicides
around the world.
Early identification and effective management are key to ensuring that
people receive the care they need.
65. Recovery& Wellness
One in 5 adults experiences a mental health condition every year. One
in 17 lives with a serious mental illness such as schizophrenia or
bipolar disorder. In addition to a person's directly experiencing a
mental illness, family, friends and communities are also affected.
½ of mental health conditions begin by age 14, and 75% of mental
health conditions develop by age 24.
66. Healing Body& Soul
Prophetic Medicine advocates for using natural or divine treatments for
different ailments.
Ibn Qayyim, rahimAllah advised spending more time with rectification
of the soul, purification of the heart, avoiding unhealthy lifestyles,
and improving one’s environment
Curing the ills of the physical and mental ailments without addressing
the heart and soul may benefit only a little. Its addressing the
symptoms, not the source of pain itself, even though it is the HEART that
hurts most.
67. “
”
“..The study of the soul; the ensuing
behavioural, emotional, and mental
processes; and both the seen aspects
that influence these elements…”
PSYCHOLOGY FROM THE ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE, DR. UTZ
Defining Islamic Psychology
68. Ruh and Nafs: What we Know
Ruh means spirit, soul, and breath of life.
It can refer to angels, revelation, or divine inspiration. It can also mean
human nature, or soul.
Once the soul is removed, the physical body ceases to function.
Nafs means human soul, or self.
The exact nature of nafs is not known.
It is forever ready to accept directions towards good or evil.
It combines human attributes and traits that have a clear effect on our lives.
The Heart
Heart is more than a physical organ pumping blood. It feels and senses
69. Level 1 of the Soul
Commanding Soul – نفسارةّماأل (Ammaara)
It is on a lower level, and seeks pleasure.
It is controlled by whims and desires, and does not require one to
think much.
IF this takes charge of a person, then the ability to see the truth is lost,
evil takes over, and hearts are hardened.
At this stage, people then refuse to accept the commands or guidance
from Allah, and don’t consider Allah to be their supporter.
70. Levels 2& 3 of the Soul
Reproachful Soul – نفسةّماللوا (Lowwama)
It always feels a sense of remorse.
It keeps blaming itself for wrongdoing, and strives to be better.
Also blames itself for not doing enough.
Such souls find comfort in repentance, in fixing their mistakes, and in
striving to be better than themselves.
Tranquil Soul – نفسالمطمئنة (Mutama’inna)
It is inclined towards piety and righteousness
It loves and desires good deeds, and detests evil deeds.
It is obedient to Allah and happy with His Decree.
It feels a strong sense of purpose and connection.
71. The HEART
Heart is more than a physical organ pumping blood. It feels and senses
more than affection and emotions.
Allah has made our hearts the place that holds our intentions,
intellect, and understanding.
Acceptance of our deeds by Allah depends on the state of our
hearts, and only Allah knows what is in our hearts.
74. Empathy vs.
Sympathy
Sympathy is feeling pity for
another because of the hardships
and suffering they are going
through. Its an awareness of one’s
struggles that plays heavy on the
emotions of the observer. Often
times it is not enough to
sympathize when trying to help
someone rise from their problems.
Empathy is more and a forgotten
Sunnah by many. It’s feeling the
emotions hurt another which is
hard to let go unless you do
something to help them pick them
up from their difficulties they
endure. It’s the Sunnah of loving
for others what you love for
yourself.
76. “
”
"the subset of social intelligence that
involves the ability to monitor one's
own and others' feelings and
emotions, to discriminate among
them, and to use this information to
guide one's thinking and actions."
In 1990, psychologists Peter Salovey (now president of Yale University)
and John Mayer wrote a seminal article on Emotional Intelligence (EQ)
77. Emotional Intelligence
important for the helper and the afflicted
1. Self-awareness- knowing your emotions, recognizing feelings as
they occur, and discriminating between them.
2. Mood management- handling feelings so they're relevant to the
current situation and you react appropriately
3. Self-motivation- "gathering up" your feelings and directing yourself
toward a goal, despite self-doubt, inertia, and impulsiveness
4. Empathy- recognizing feelings in others and tuning into their verbal
and nonverbal cues
5. Managing relationships- handling interpersonal interaction, conflict
resolution, and negotiations
78. Holistic Guide to
Whole Person Wellness
Wellness means overall well-being. For people with mental health and
substance use conditions, wellness is not simply the absence of
disease, illness, or stress, but the presence of purpose in life,
active involvement in satisfying work and play, joyful
relationships, a healthy body and living environment, and
happiness.
It incorporates the mental, emotional, physical, occupational,
intellectual, and spiritual aspects of a person’s life.
Each aspect of wellness can affect overall quality of life.
79. Schizophrenia
A chronic serious mental illness that usually begins in a person’s 20s.
Can cause people to have psychotic thinking (impaired perception
of reality and ability to communicate), delusions (fixed, false
beliefs), or hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren’t
real).
Some people with schizophrenia do not recognize that they have a
mental illness. Treatment can help relieve many symptoms of
schizophrenia, but most people with this illness cope with
symptoms their entire lives.
Many live successfully in their communities and lead rewarding lives
and have hard time coping because they don’t have purpose, and
some do yet still suffer in silence.
80. Criteria for Schizophrenia
Characteristic symptoms
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized Speech
Disorganized Behavior
Negative Symptoms
Flat Affect
Lack of Motivation
Social/Occupational
Dysfunction
Lasting at Least Six
Months
81. What’s Bipolar?
Mental Disorder can cause dramatic mood swings, from feeling high and
energetic to feeling very low, sad and hopeless.
Periods of highs and lows are called episodes of mania or hypomania
(lower grades of mania)and depression.
During a manic episode, a person might speak rapidly, feel little need for
sleep, and become involved in activities with a high potential for risk or
pain.
During a depressive episode, a person may feel despair, hopelessness, or
fatigue and literally not want to do anything for weeks.
People with bipolar disorder are at higher risk than the general
population for alcohol or substance misuse.
82. Criteria for Bipolar Disorder
Manic Episodes
Elevated mood
Grandiosity
Decreased need for sleep
Talkativeness
Racing thoughts
Increased goal-directed
activity
Marked Impairment
Occupation
Social relationships
(or) Hospitalization
(or) Psychotic Features
May Alternate with
Depressive Episodes
84. Interventions for
Mental Illness
Usually One Intervention Is not
Sufficient- exception would be
Quran/Ruqya because this is the only
Therapy that can stand on it’s own.
Approach from All Directions
There is no cure in medication and
therapy that does not address the
HEART and soul, only symptoms.
Reconnecting with Allah,
Qualifying/Quantifying one’s religion
85. Medications/Therapies
Antipsychotics
Antidepressants
Mood Stabilizers
Anxiolytics
Side Effects Medications
Quran through Ruqyah- cant be harmful, ever although sometimes things get
worse before they get better
Recreational Therapy-no side effects
Occupational Therapy- no side effects
Hijama Cupping Therapy- purifies body, purifies mind, purifies heart
Good Deed Therapy
86. Talk Therapy (Psychotherapy)
Medications alone are not enough.
Medicines cannot heal damaged relationships or give insight into
challenges. These are things that require
reflection, thinking, talking, and, for some, praying. Nonjudgmental
therapists or trained counselors are trained to help without judging.
Talking openly to a trusted person can be comforting and can help one
see their problems or situations more clearly.
87. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
ƒ.Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) helps people identify and change
negative or irrational thought patterns that lead to unhelpful behaviors.
Based on principles of learning and aims to reinforce desired behaviors
while eliminating undesired behaviors.
88. Family Therapy/ Group Therapy
Family therapy provides a safe place for family members to share
feelings, learn better ways to interact with each other, and find
solutions to problems.
Group Therapy can be very reassuring and helpful to hear from others
who are facing the same challenges and share experiences. Peer
Services (those who have risen help those who struggle)
As a friend you can reassure your loved one they aren’t alone and
try to help others in your circle to be more empathetic to the one
that is struggling.
89. Anti-psychotic Medications
Used to combat psychotic symptoms
Hallucinations
Delusions
Confused Thinking
Altered Perceptions
Disorganized Speech
Other signs of psychosis
BUT NOT THE HEART
Connecting with the Quran is the medicine of the heart and
if rectified, everything else will follow.
90. Anti-anxiety Medications
Used to Treat Symptoms of Anxiety
Nervousness
Panic
Shortness of Breath
Trembling
Feeling of Choking
Heart Palpitations
Obsessions & Compulsions
BUT NOT THE HEART
91. Mood Stabilizers
Used to Treat Symptoms of Mania
Rapid Talking
Decreased Need for Sleep
Racing Thoughts
Distractibility
Irritability
Behavioral Excesses
Grandiosity
BUT NOT THE HEART
92. Side Effects Medications
(Anti-parkinsonians)
Used to Relieve Side Effects of Anti-psychotic
Medications
Stiff Muscles
Unsteady Gait
Tremors
Eyes Rolling Back
Restless Feeling
BUT NOT THE HEART
93. General Side Effects of
Medications
Drowsiness
Dry Mouth
Blurred Vision
Dizziness
Tremors
Sexual Dysfunction
High Heart Rate
Weight Gain
Slurred Speech
Sensitivity to Sun
Some Are Addictive
Some Anti-Depressants can
actually increase suicidal
thoughts
94. Stimulants (special use)
Used to Treat Symptoms of Attention
Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Mainly Used in Children
Hyperactivity
Inability to Pay Attention
Distractibility
Sadly they are using these meds on Babies and toddlers too
instead of elimintating things that trigger problems with
attention like the SCREEN.
BUT NOT THE HEART
95. Sunnah Comfort Food
TALBINA!
‘Eat from it for indeed I heard the
Messenger of Allah [peace be upon
him] say: “Talbinah is a relaxation for the
heart of the sick person and it removes
some of the sorrow”.’
[Bukhari 479/9, Book of Food, Chapter
of Talbinah]
96. 7 Ajwa Dates
“If Somebody takes
seven ‘ajwa dates in
the morning, neither
magic nor poison will
hurt him that day.”
“He will not be
harmed by anything
until he reaches the
evening.”
97. TALBINA the Sunnah Comfort Food!
“Talbinah is a relaxation for the heart of the sick person
and it removes some of the sorrow”.
98. Pre-Ruqyah Talk
Eman is the energy for the soul to move towards its purpose.
Eman is to have the love of Allah above everything else.
It increases and decreases, and there are ways to renew and increase
our Eman.
Gaining knowledge is one way to sustain our Eman, and also an
increase in good deeds such as praying more, remembering Allah
often, and giving charity.
If an average person does not understand what you mean by
Aqeedah, then simply switch to talking about Eman with them.
99. Ruqyah Guidance:
Essential for the HEART
There are so many different Ruqyah Treatment Plans that can be more
intense and others can be shortened.
Ruqyah is a therapeutic approach by use of faith, it is applicable for
Muslims. Although, it can be beneficial for non-Muslims as taught by
some scholars because of the Quran’s effect upon the heart- it can relieve
people who are possessed and afflicted by evil if Allah’s wills.
A routine of Adhkaar can look identical towards a routine of Ruqya.
Where Adhkaar/ remembrances are like daily dose of vitamins,
Ruqyah/recitations for healing is like medicine.
100. Mental Illness or Possession?
Mental illnesses are similar to the illnesses caused by Jinn possession which
causes some people to confuse the issue of mental illness with illnesses
caused by the Jinn, Evil eye or witchcraft. it is therefore important to be
able to differentiate between the two.
HOW IS SICKNESS DIAGNOSED by a Raaqi?
Must know the what Mental Illness looks like, their case study, their
religiosity, their symptoms in detail. Experienced observations. Helpful if
Raaqi knows the DSM, but not necessary.
Medical Problems that are physical in nature should be ruled out, often
times if there is no known reason why someone is suffering..Raaqis and
Scholars say this can be an evil affliction is its cause.
101. What to Look For, Important
Questions
Raaqi usually tries to find out the following:
The type of ailment the person is suffering from?
When this sickness or problem began?
Frightening dreams?
Do they feel unable to remember Allah, read Quran or listen to the Quran?
Do the patient get sleepy or drowsy. If so, what times?
Do they feel pain moving through their body or any numbness part of body
areas?
Do they want to cry for no reason?
Do feel extreme tightness in the chest?
Do they have ongoing headaches which are not relived by painkillers?
Menstrual irregularities in women?
102. Sample Ruqya Plan
Ustadh Muhammad Tim Humble
You (and your family) will need to learn:
Bismillah: When you enter the house and before eating. The shayṭaan is
refused permission to stay in your house or eat your food.
The last three surahs of the Qur’an – al-Ikhlas, al-Falaq, an-Naas. Three
times in the morning (after Fajr), and three times in the evening (after ‘Asr).
They will suffice you against every single thing.
Ayat-ul-Kursi. (a) After each obligatory prayer, and (b) before you go to
sleep. (a) There will be nothing between you and Paradise except death. (b)
Allah will send a protector to protect you against everything, and the
shayṭaan will not approach you.
The du’a for entering the toilet: bismillaah, allaahumma innee a‛oodhu bika
minal-khubuthi wal-khabaa’ith. Just before entering the toilet. You will be
protected from the male and female shayṭaan who reside in the bathroom.
103. Sample Ruqya Plan
Ustadh Muhammad Tim Humble (2)
The du’a for leaving the house: bismillaah, tawakkaltu ‛alal-laah, wa laa ḥawla wa
laa quwwata illaa billaah. As you are leaving the house. The angels say, “You will be
defended, protected, and guided,” and you will be protected from shayṭaan.
The du’a for setting foot in a new place: a‛oodhu bi kalimaat-illaahit-taammaati
min sharri maa khalaq. When you set foot in a place, such as when getting out of
your car, when entering someone’s house, when sitting down outside, etc. Nothing
will harm you until you leave.
The following du’a: bismillaahil-ladhee laa yaḍurru ma‛asmihi shay’un fil-arḍi wa laa
fis-samaa’i wa huwas-samee‛-ul-‛aleem. Three times in the morning (after Fajr), and
three times in the evening (after ‘Asr). Nothing will harm you for the rest of the
day/night.
And this du’a: Laa ilaaha ill-allaahu, waḥdahu laa shareeka lahu, lahul-mulku wa
lahul-ḥamdu, yuḥyee wa yumeetu, wa huwa ‛alaa kulli shay’in qadeer. Ten times in
the morning (after Fajr), and ten times in the evening (after Maghrib).
Allah will send guardian angels to protect you from the shayṭaan until
morning/evening comes).
Allah knows best, and may peace and blessings be upon our Messenger
Muhammad, and upon his family and his companions.
104. Psychosocial Interventions
Assessment
Education about
Illness
Self Management
Counseling/Therapy
Individual
Group
Crisis Intervention
Rehabilitation
Social Skills
Vocational
Family Services
Education
Family Therapy
Case Management
105. Illness Self Management/
Patient Education
Giving Information about the Illness
Symptoms
Treatment
Cour
Helping Client Learn to Manage Own Illness
Do not diagnose the person, but let them know what they
are going through many have and have risen from it.
Help them reach out when they are having a breakdown
106. Management Skills
for Recovery
Medication Adherence
Healthful Lifestyle
Therapeutic Environment
Illness Monitoring
Relapse Prevention
Constant Connection with Allah
107. What Advice Can you Give
Ruqyah Guidance
Help Structure their Day with meaningful activities (halaqa, Quran, good deeds
via volunteering)
Seek Medical Treatment when necessary
Daily Relaxation Skills: Bath, Exercise
Decrease Stimulation: decrease youtube movies, shows
Avoid Drugs to feel better: like ibuprofen, tylenol
Cut Caffeine, Sugar & Increase Fluids like ZamZam
Real-Life Problem Solving
Sunnah Foods, Ajwa Dates
Daily Dhikr vs. Ruqyah
108. How can YOU Help?
Crisis Intervention
Telephone
Whatsapp- keep them chatting with you, invite them to message
you anytime until you can coordinate help for them
Clinic Based- not easy here in Madina, but
Mobile Outreach- neighbors, friends, family, talk it out at the
masjid
In-Home Intervention- visit them
110. Family Services FOR Muslims
Support
Education
Consultation
Therapy
DAWAH
111. Interacting with a Person
with Mental Illness Symptoms:
Communication Skills
()
Give them Attention
Ask open-ended questions
Check out the whys of behavior
Express empathy; reflect-feelings
Use close-ended questions, not
open ended
Avoid criticizing person, offer
options
Express caring and support
Use parroting, repeat what they’ve
said
Be concrete and brief
Avoid power struggles
Allow for time out to “de-stim”
Do not tell lies
Remain calm
Speak slowly and clearly
Avoid invading personal space
Do not move quickly, especially
toward the person
Do not touch the person
Do not challenge the person
112. Clients/Friends/Sisters
madinatherapy.com
A woman who has a mom with bipolar, a sister with schizophrenia and a
husband who doesn’t do right by her now has to uncomfortably deal with
hosting her brother-in law in her home for a month…
A woman who was stranded at an international airport as her husband
decided to take off with her two young boys. She hasn’t seen them in 11
months...
A woman suffering from OCD as a doctor called it, and diagnosed as
possession by a Raaqi. She feels physical pain when Quran is on, especially
Surah Baqara and she’s been prescribed medication that doesn’t help…
A woman who lives with severe depression after 25 years of a horrible
marriage of deceit, personal illness and domestic violence just wants her life
to end, or her husband’s…
113. Ways to Help
madinatherapy.com
The struggles, the tears, the pain, the hardships, the turmoil- it’s all REAL.
The struggle is REAL.
Allah is the Only One Who can change situations and heal people who are
broken and torn. But as therapists, counselors and friends here are some
things we can do InshaaAllah:
-Listen with an attentive heart because too many are sadly torn…
-Remind them of their purpose in life, because too many regretfully forget…
-Teach them ways on how to overcome these internal battles because
solving external issues often starts within…
-Encourage them to make positive changes, because baby steps count…
114. Ways to Help (2)
madinatherapy.com
-Advocate for them by educating them on options to
assure personal safety…
-Give them hope even if their cases seem hopeless, rising
from difficulty is possible….
-Don’t give up on them, continue to support them but do
not get drained…it’s ok to take a break from
responding…but when ready answer them again…
-Show Empathy, not Sympathy. Empathy is hopeful of a
better situation while sympathy is falling into a deep
sadness along with them without an outlook of positivity.
115. Ways to Help (3)
madinatherapy.com
-Encourage them in getting help, the stigma of going for counseling
or therapy is strong in some cultures but Prophet Muhammad
(pbuh) paid attention to people and therefore everything about
his approach was therapeutic.
-You don't have to have an answer for everything they express,
but your warm attention to them is worthy and heavy on the
scales in the sight of Allah [Islamic phrases="Subhanahu wa
Ta'ala"]E[/Islamic].
If you need any confidential support in helping a loved one or you
yourself are going through a difficulty, you are not alone. Allah is
above you, with and you can email me admin@madinatherapy.com
or contact me for help too inshaaAllah.
116. Case Study 68 Year Female
Chronic Pain Issues
In late 30’s she was diagnosed with Depression
Im bnbnproved Religiosity, weaned herself off of meds
Many years went by, no medication
Early 60’s started up on Anxiety drugs
Strong Muslimah, prays, dhikr.. She sees the medication
as a mercy to her from Allah. Helps her cope with stress,
and helps her sleep better at night.
117. 9 Year Old with OCD
From a religious home, attentitve parents
Reviewing her Hifdh to her mom at Masjid Mom noticed
a woman looking at her without a smile and had a weird
feeling.
Few days later, this girl forgot how to say AlFatiha
Washed hands until they were raw
Prayed repeatedly until started to give up
Wouldn’t hold hands
Two months of severe OCD
118. Case Study 34 Year Old with
Multiple Mental Illness Symptoms
Egyptian lady diagnosed with breast cancer in her early 30s, chemo and
recovered
Soon after car accident
Intense fear of going anywhere
Began doubting obvious things, her marriage validity, severe case of
waaswaas
Ruqyah- got worse before getting better
Began working again
Still struggles, but is able to manage her symptoms because of life-
changes
Never Diagnosed beyond, Waaswaas although was prescribed drugs
119. Resources: All Knowledge is from
Allah…
National Institute of Mental Health
American Psychiatric Association
DSM-5
Mental Health Faith Guide
World Health Organization
Islamic Medicine, Yusuf Al-Hajj
Sickness, Regulations& Exhortations, Jibaly
Psychology from the Islamic Perspective, Dr. Aisha Utz
Healing Body& Soul, Dr. Amira Ayad
ProheticMedicine.org
Masjid Nabawi Chaplaincy Course Notes
Islamic Psychology Course Notes
120. Ending Duaa
May Allah help us help others with CAKE..
All good is from Allah…
