Presented By Dr.E.D.Israel Oliver King.

1. Community Agrobiodiversity
Conservation for
Food Security and Sustainable
Livelihoods
E.D.Israel Oliver King
M.S.Swaminathan Research Foundation, Chennai.
oliverking@mssrf.res.in
International Consultation on Achieving Sustainable
Development Goals and Strenthening Science for
Climate Resilience
7-9 Aug 2019, MSSRF

2. Hill dwellers of Kolli Hills in Tamil Nadu

3. Marginal Communities of Koraput Region, Odisha

4. 4
Communities of Wayanad Region, Kerala

5. Millet Interspecies diversity - Kolli Hills

6. Koraput Case: Diversity in Rice

7. Diversified characters of Rice
o 24 aromatic,
o 27 flood resistant,
o 2 deep water,
o 10 drought resistant,
o insect/ pest resistant,
o puffing quality

8. Conservation
• enhancement and sustainable use of
biodiversity and comprises in situ
on-farm and ex-situ conservation methods
Cultivation
• promoted low external inputs
• sustainable agriculture based on
principles of organic farming
• the farming system with specific agricultural
remedies for nutritional maladies
• cultivation of naturally bio-fortified crops
and crop-livestock integration
Consumption
• Product diversification provision and promotion
of small machinery for processing and
increasing consumption,
• product diversification for linking with markets,
nutritional surveys for identification of the major causes
of chronic
and hidden hunger
• activities for mainstreaming
nutrition in agriculture programs
Commerce
• creating an economic stake in conservation through
options in livelihood security
• given greater attention to
increase the net income of smallholder farmers
Participatory
Research
Science
Based
Enhancing
Capacity
Ensuring
Resilience
Building
Grassroots
Empowering Marginal Communities Using 4C Approach in
Conservation and Sustainable Use

9. Chronicling Climate Smart Farming Practices
Crops, duration and sequence of harvest in
Conventional mixed cropping in Kolli Hills
Local Name Scientific
Name
Duration
(days)
Sequence of
Harvest
Amaranthus Amaranthus sp. 60-70 I
Thinai Setaria italica 100-110 II
Maize Zea mays 125-130 III
Ragi Eleusine
coracana
150-160 IV
Cucubits Cucumber sp. 150 V
Avarai Purpureus lab
lab
190-240 VI
* Farm level variability exist based on land terrain, Soil, Farmers preferences
Data base of
Climate
Resilient
Practices;
Mixed
Cropping –
Coping
Mechanism
Against
Natural
Calamities

10. Traditional Knowledge Documentation and linking with Exsitu
Community Biodiversity Register
Local Community Seed Bank
Scaracia Mugnosa Community Gene Bank
NBPGR National Gene Bank

11. Custodians Farmer’s Network

Custodians:
Conserve,
Cultivate,
Share,
Innovate

12. Crop Landrace Name Traits of the Varieties
Samai/Little
Millet
Perunjsamai Suitable for Mixed Cropping,
Samai / Little
Millet
Thirikulasamai Short duration crop (3
Month), fodder grass, taste,
survive in poor soil
Thinai /
Italian Millet
Palanthinai Suitable for mixed crop,
Taste, survive in poor soil
Thinai/ Italian
Millet
Perunthinai Suitable for mixed cropping ,
Ragi / Finger
Millet
Perungkelvargu Long duration crop
(6Month), fodder,
Ragi/GPU 48 Improved Var. High Productivity
Perunsamai
Perunthinai
Recognizing Custodian Farmers
Village Name: Padosolai, Farmer Name: Mrs.
Malliga ,Age:33 No. of Family Member:5

13. •Abandoned Traditional Seed storage structures
• Weakened Seed Exchange practice
Community Seed Banks
Seed Distribution CultivationSeed
Multiplication
Seed Storage –
Thombai
Seed exchange
Millet seed distribution through Community Seed Banks (in Kg)
On farm issues in
Conservation
Millet
Seeds
2000-
01
2001-
02
2002-
03
2003-
04
2004-
05
2005-
06
2006-
07
2007-
08
2008-
09
2009-
10
2010-
11
2011-
12
2012-
13
2013-
14
2014-
15
2015-
16
2016-
17
2017-
18
2018-
19
Total
Little
Millet
900 1389 453 508 510 95 7.5 16.5 56.5 306 298 176 197 432 271.5 88.45 514.5 76 50 6345
Italian
Millet
1089 987 357 435 279 18 55 150 63 81 353 166.4 96.8 147.5 85.5 140 4503
Finger
Millet
227 240 172 112.8 519 232 246 270 562 664 305.1 1193 422.25 805 5970
Kodo
Millet
24 43 0.5 20 10 5 10 15 6 3.5 13.5 12 163
Proso
Millet
27 0.5 11 10 7 15 35 10 1.9 2 2.5 122
Total 1989 2400 1037 1183 510 616 7.5 16.5 188.3 911 700 497 573 1397 1117.9 495.75 1870.5 598.25 995 17103

14. •Farmer participatory research
in identifying high yielding
varieties through PVS
•Yield Enhancement
Demonstrations for increasing
productivity with profitability
•Promotion of intercrops for
better nutrition
•Reduction of drudgery of
women in crop production - row
maker, cono weeder, inter
cultivation and modified spade
FARMERS’ METHOD IMPROVED METHOD
Traditional seed Selected quality seed
Broadcasted seed Row planted seed
Little or no manure &
fertilizers
Promote healthy soil management
with use of manure & fertilizers
No regulation of plant
population
Thinning and seedling density
regulation
Weeding or no weeding Weeding & interculture
Productivity Enhancement (PVS, QSP, Intercropping)

15. Farm Implements and Processing tools
Traditional method – rope Improved - Row Marker
Making row for line sowing
Reduced drudgery and 80 per cent of time saved by using row maker
than rope for line sowing
weeding in line sowing of millets
Conventional Method of
Weeding
Weeding used by Cono
Weeder
75 per cent of time saved by using Cono - weeder when
we compare to traditional method
Conventional Spade Modified Spade
Modified Spade for Weeding in Tapioca Field
40 per cent of time saved by using customized spade when
we compare to traditional spade in tapioca inter
cropping
Mechanical PulverizerConventional Method of
Pulverizing
Reduced drudgery and 90 per cent of time saved by
mechanical processing machine than conventional
method of Pulversing
Pulverser

16. Gap in culinary
knowledge in
millets
Value addition Training
Building capacities on Culinary Knowledge
(Processing, Cooking and Consumption)
in Millets and value addition

17. Value Added
Products
Finger Millet Malt
(Ragi Malt)
Thinai Payasa Mix
Thinai Laddu
Samai Bajji Mix
Samai Uppuma Mix
Samai Rava Dosa
Mix
Little Millet rice
Italian Millet rice
Finger Millet Flour
LITTLE
MILLET
ITALIAN
MILLET
BAKED
COOKIES
BUNS
FRIEMS
DIABETIC
MIX
Baked,
Puffed &
Fried…..
Neutraceuti
cal Mixes
Branding and Product Development

18. Millet Value Chain Development
Producer – Procurer - processor – Value adder
– Distributor - Consumer
Quantity of different form of millets Marketed 2001 - 2019
Linkages of products to Health
foods shops and organic outlets
Kolli Hills Natural
Food Shop
Managed by the
KHABCOFED
Collectives of the
Members of the
federation
Function as a Hub in
the supply chain of
the Kolli Hills
products
Kolli Hills (3)
Thiruppathur (1)
Chennai (2)
Namakkal (3)
Erode (1)
Salem (4)
Thiruppur (1)
Karur (1)
Coimbatore (2)
Viluppuram
(1)
Madurai (1)
Mayiladudhurai (1)
Tanjavur (2)
Kumbakonam(1)
Paramathi Velur (1)
Dindigul (1)
Vellakovil (1)
Thiruchengode (1)
Karaikkal (1)
Year Whole
Grain (Kg)
Millet Rava and
Flour (Kg)
Value Added
Products (Kg)
Gross Returns
(Rs)
2001-2002 9000 1200 62,000
2002-2003 2662 70,068
2003-2004 1365 25,524
2004-2005 3138 71,500
2005-2006 2255 1110 1,16,098
2006-2007 1062 240 50,598
2007-2008 1770 414.45 73,694
2008-2009 2672 831 1,29,639
2009-2010 1465 1061 1,25,853
2010-2011 681 984 1,32,893
2011-2012 1373 1119.75 2,42,422
2012-2013 3658 1660.2 4,20,054
2013-2014 5486.5 1497.85 5,49,908
2014-2015 9548.5 1696.65 9,31,580
2015-2016 15,081 1179.65 13,12,855
2016-2017 11,816 1,147.95 11,41,423
2017-2018 10,915 911.50 9,97,356
2018-2019 10,918 583.23 9,49,691
Total 9,000 87,065.86 14,437.23 74,03,156

19. Sales Deed Partnership
Deed
TIN Cert Sales Tax Cert. SSI Cert.
Dhan
Settlement
• Creating Common Property
• Partnership deed in SHG
• MOU with the Block development
Office
• Tax Payer’s Identification Number
certificate (TIN)
• Sales Tax Certificate (CTC)
• Small Scale industry certificate (SSI)
• Tamil Nadu Food Safety and Drug
Administration Certificate
Community Based Infrastructure creations
through Social Capital building
FSSAI

20. Kalajeera
(An aromatic Rice for Promotion)
o Formation of Kalinga Kalajeera Rice Growers
Cooperative Society (KKRGCS)
o 500 acres , involving more than 700 farm
families
o Procurement by NAFED
o One & half times more price than other rice
o GI trial of Kalajeera in 5districts

21. Millets Food Fair, Seed Fair,
Inter School Competition
Promoting Nutritional literacy using traditional crops

22. Seed villages
• Centre established 25 seed
villages so far
• Seed villages has been ensuring
the supply of traditional paddy
seeds of 10 varieties like
Adukkan, Veliyan, Chenellu,
Chenthadi, Chomala,
Gandakasala, Jeerakasala,
Mullankaima, Kalladiaryan and
Thondi.
• ability to withstand the
incidence of drought, flood and
pest/ disease incidence
• Established 8 pulse seed village

23. Farm diversification with climate resilient
varieties in Kerala
• adaptation strategy among
smallholders, centre promoted the
conservation and cultivation of
climate resilient crops (tubers,
pepper and rice) and their varieties
across Wayanad
• Diversified the farm with traditional
varieties of different crop to enable
farmers to address risks related to
crop loss
• The diversification with leafy
greens, other vegetables, tubers,
fruits, pulses, ensured dietary
diversity among smallholders

24. Home Nutrition gardens
• increased access and consumption of
diversified food groups including leafy
greens, other vegetables, pulses, fruits,
tubers poultry and inland fishery, centre
established home nutrition gardens
• ensures dietary diversity among
smallholder farm families including
tribes.
• access to dietary diversity and choice of
food increased among women and
children in the intervention areas.
• The social network (sharing of harvest,
seed , knowledge) among these small
holders has been strengthened

25. Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems

26. Kuttanad Below–Sea Level
Farming System

27. A Complex Mosaic of Fragmented
Agricultural Landscape
• Coastal backwaters
• Rivers
• Paddy fields,
• Marshes
• Ponds,
• Garden lands
• Edges
• Corridors and
• WATER WAYS

28. MSSBGarden
RET Plants diversity
Western
Ghats
Wayanad MSSBG
Total No. of plant
species
4679 2123 1058
Endemic to Western
Ghats
1637 622 376
Threat category 325 148 54
645 species of evergreen trees
(56%Endemic)

30. Biju Patnaik Medicinal Plants Garden & Research Centre
Nine tribal Medicinal Plants Garden

31. Engaging Youth, Panchayat Raj Institutions, State departments

32. Stakeholders interaction with communities

33. Legal literacy Forum
• Legal literacy on PGR conservation PPVFRA and BD Acts and provisions
• Registration of Landraces and farmers varieties
• Genome savior award and Equator Initiative Award

34. Registration of Farmers’ variety
• Helped out the rural and tribal farmers
to register their paddy landraces as
farmers’ variety under Protection of
Plant Varieties and Farmers Right Act
2001
• Facilitated recognition of Genome
Saviour Award for the Kurichiya and
Kuruma farmers of Wayanad for their
contribution in the conservation of rice
• The interest accrued from Genome
Saviour Recognition (ten lakh)is given to
selected farmers every year who
conserve maximum number of crops
and varieties.

35. Conservation
• enhancement and sustainable use of
biodiversity and comprises in situ
on-farm and ex-situ conservation methods
Cultivation
• promoted low external inputs
• sustainable agriculture based on
principles of organic farming
• the farming system with specific agricultural
remedies for nutritional maladies
• cultivation of naturally bio-fortified crops
and crop-livestock integration
Consumption
• Product diversification provision and promotion
of small machinery for processing and
increasing consumption,
• product diversification for linking with markets,
nutritional surveys for identification of the major causes
of chronic
and hidden hunger
• activities for mainstreaming
nutrition in agriculture programs
Commerce
• creating an economic stake in conservation through
options in livelihood security
• given greater attention to
increase the net income of smallholder farmers
Participatory
Research
Science
Based
Enhancing
Capacity
Ensuring
Resilience
Building
Grassroots
Empowering Marginal Communities Using 4C Approach in
Conservation and Sustainable Use

36. Conclusion
• Recognizing Custodian Farmers
• Nutritive and Underutilized Species
• Value Chain Development
• Community Based Initiative
• Nutrition Sensitive and Sustainable Dev.
Approach
• Convergence with State Intiatives