8. 6. Results www.unifr.ch/competitiveness 8 6.1. Spatial distribution of inventive activities in Switzerland 6.2. Specialization pattern of inventive activities and main clusters identification 6.3. Clusters and the geography of invention in a globalized economy

9. 6. Results www.unifr.ch/competitiveness 9 6.1. Spatial distribution of inventive activities in Switzerland 6.2. Specialization pattern of inventive activities and main clusters identification 6.3. Clusters and the geography of invention in a globalized economy

10. 10 Table 1. Effective number of patent applications at the EPO by applicants based in Switzerland, cantons and districts, 2005 (Gini_empl: 0.52) (Gini_empl: 0.56) Source: Personal elaboration based on OECD (2010), OECD REGPAT database, June 2010.

11. 11 Table 2. Patent applications per 1,000 employees (full-time equivalent) at the EPO by applicants based in Switzerland, cantons and districts, 2005 Source: Personal elaboration on the basis of data from OECD (2010), OECD REGPAT database, June 2010 and FSO (2005), Recensement fédéral des entreprises 2005.

12. 12 Table 3. Ratio establishments per enterprises registered in the Swiss commercial register, 2005. Source: Personal elaboration based on FSO (2005), Recensement fédéral des entreprises 2005 and OFRC (2005), Statistiques 2005.

13. 13 Map 1. Patent applications per 1,000 employees (full-time equivalent) at the EPO by applicants based in Switzerland, cantons, 2005 Basel City Schaffhausen Neuchatel Zug Nidwalden Source: Personal elaboration on the basis of data from OECD (2010), OECD REGPAT database, June 2010 and FSO (2005), Recensement fédéral des entreprises 2005.

14. 14 Map 2. Patent applications per 1,000 employees (full-time equivalent) at the EPO by applicants based in Switzerland, districts, 2005 Basel City Neuchatel Lavaux-Oron Riviera-Pays d’Enhaut Waldenburg Schaffhausen Zug Imboden Nidwalden Source: Personal elaboration on the basis of data from OECD (2010), OECD REGPAT database, June 2010 and FSO (2005), Recensement fédéral des entreprises 2005.

15. 6. Results www.unifr.ch/competitiveness 15 6.1. Spatial distribution of inventive activities in Switzerland 6.2. Specialization pattern of inventive activities and main clusters identification 6.3. Clusters and the geography of invention in a globalized economy

16. 16 Table 4. Effective number of patent applications at the EPO by applicants based in Switzerland, NACE industrial sectors, 2005 Source: Personal elaboration based on OECD (2010), OECD REGPAT database, June 2010.

17. 17 Table 5. Cantonal distribution and specialization pattern of patent applications at the EPO in the pharmaceutical sector by applicants based in Switzerland, 2005 = Number of patent applications by applicants in sector ( j) based in region ( i ) = Number of patent applications by applicants in sector ( j ) in all regions = Number of patent applications by applicants based in region ( i ) in all sectors = Number of patent applications by applicants in all regions and all sectors

18. 18 Map 3. Specialization pattern of inventive activities in the pharmaceutical sector, RTA, 2005. Basel City Basel Country Schwyz Vaud Geneva

19. 19 RTA_Gini Patents Chart 1. Main Swiss inventive clusters identified on the basis of patent data, NACE sectors, 2005.

20. 20 Employment (FTE) LQ_gini Chart 2. Main Swiss clusters identified on the basis of employment data, NACE sectors, 2005.

21. 6. Results www.unifr.ch/competitiveness 21 6.1. Spatial distribution of inventive activities in Switzerland 6.2. Specialization pattern of inventive activities and main clusters identification 6.3. Clusters and the geography of invention in a globalized economy

23. 23 Table 6. Country of residence and company of the inventors of patents demanded in the pharmaceutical sector, canton of Basel City, 2005 Source: Personal elaboration based on OECD (2010), OECD REGPAT database, June 2010.

24. Table 7. Region of residence of the inventors of patent applications filed in the pharmaceutical sector, canton of Basel City, 2005 Source: Personal elaboration based on OECD (2010), OECD REGPAT database, June 2010. 24

25. 25 Table 8. Region of residence of the inventors of patent applications filed in the pharmaceutical sector, by firms, canton of Basel City, 2005 Source: Personal elaboration based on OECD (2010), OECD REGPAT database, June 2010.

26. 26 Table 9. Nature of the region of residence of the inventors of patent applications filed in the pharmaceutical sector, canton of Basel City, 2005 Source: Personal elaboration

28. 28 California New Jersey Massachusetts Alsace Northwestern Switzerland Freiburg (DE) Oberbayern Kanto

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