Turkey is the most beautiful country in the world with landscape and shapes. and also culture and gastronomic variety are very nice.

1. • NAME: GİZEM
• SURNAME: REYHANOĞULLARI
• DEPARTMENT: TOURISM GUIDANCE
• COURSE NAME: ENGLISH IN TOURISM
• TOPIC: DESCRIPTION OF TURKEY

2. The lands of Turkey are located at a point where the three continents making up the old world, Asia,
Africa and Europe are closest to each other.
Turkey is situated on an area where Europe meets Asia, creating a link between these two continents.
The European part of the country is called Thrace, while the Asian part is known as Anatolia (or Asia
Minor). It is bordered to the northwest by Greece and Bulgaria, to the east by the former USSR
(Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaican Republics) and Iran, and to the south by Iraq and Syria.

3. The Turkish peninsula is bathed by four seas: the Mediterranean to the south, the Aegean to the west, the
Sea of Marmara between the European and Asian land masses, and the Black Sea to the north. The entire
coastline spans more than 8,000 kilometers (approximately 5,000 miles) in length.

4. UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITES OF
TURKEY
 "Historic Areas of Istanbul",
 The "Rock Sites of Cappadocia",
 The "Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük", "Hattusa: the Hittite Capital",
 The "Archaeological Site of Troy", "Pergamon,
 Its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape", "Hierapolis – Pamukkale", and "Mount
Nemrut“,
 And 51 World Heritage Sites in tentative lists,
 such as the archaeological sites or historic urban centers of Göbekli
Tepe, Gordion, Ephesus, Aphrodisias, Perga, Lycia, Sagalassos, Aizanoi, Zeugma,
Ani, Harran, Mardin, Konya and Alanya.
 Turkey hosts two of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, which are
the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus and the Temple of Artemis.

5. THE MO ST IMPO RTANT TO URISMRESO URCES
Hagia Sophia Museum
Topkapı Palace
Sultanahmet Mosque
Süleymaniye Mosque
Madien’s Tower
Galata Tower
Aya İrini Churh
Yerebatan Cistern
Dolmabahçe Palace

6. HAGIA SOPHIA MUSEUM

7. HAGIA SOPHIA
It was dedicated to the Hagia Sophia which means the
Divine Wisdom,an attribute of Christ.
It was built by Justinyen who is Emperor of Byzantion in
532-537.
Its architects were two Anatolian geniuses Isadors and
Antoniyus.
The building is near a fault line in the eartquake zone and
the city passed through many riots and fires.
Hagia Sophia’s some places destroyed and underwent
restorations several times.
The successful architect Mimar Sinan repaired and added
retaining walls and this building managed to exist our day
by him.

8. •Hagia Sophia was used as a church about 981 years,as a mosque about
482 years.
•It has being used as a museum since 1935.
•It has got 9 gates

9. Mo saics

10. TOPKAPI PALACE

11. TOPKAPI PALACE
It was built by Fatih Sultan Mehmet in 1465-1478
Topkapı palace was used as adminisration center of
Ottoman Empire just about 400 years and different
Ottoman sultans ascended to the throne in here.
In Abdülhamit period,the palace started to be used
as a museum.

12. Babüsselam Gate of Palace
Çinili,Revan,Bağdat Pavilion
Arceology museum
Treasury
Harem
Holy relics

14. SULTAN AHMET MOSQUE

15. SULTAN AHMET
MOSQUE
It is the face of Hagia Sophia.
It’s architect is Sedefkar Mehmed Ağa in 1609
The Sultan carried the soil when it’s costruction was
started.
The European People fascinated with the beautiful
blue tiles always remember it as the ‘’Blue Mosque’’.

16. SÜLEYMANİYE CAMİİ

17. SÜLEYMANİYE MOSQUE
Süleymaniye is not only a mosque but a huge
complex.
It was built betweeen 1550-1557.
It’s name Süleymaniye,derives from the builder’s
name Sultan Süleyman .
Sultan Süleyman and Sinan were buried in their
tombs in this complex.

18. BASILICA CISTERN

19. BASILICA CISTERN
Many underground cisterns were built during
Byzantine Empire.
Yerebatan Cistern was built probably after 542 by
Empreror Justinien.
Turks have preferred running water ,after capturing
the city from the Byzantines.
There are 336 marble columbs and two of them have
Medusa heads.

20. DOLMABAHÇE PALACE

21. Mustafa Kemal accupied a room at the palace on his visits to İstanbul
and died there in 1938.

22. The palace cosists of 285
rooms and 46 halls.
There are approximately
600 paintings and huge
original carpets.
The items are gold or
silver like as the vases or
furnitures.

23. M. K. ATATURK -ANITKABIR
 PRESIDENT (1881-1938)
 Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was a
revolutionary who helped establish the
Republic of Turkey.
 He was Turkey's first president, and
his reforms modernized the country.

24. LEADER O F TURKISH
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was born
in 1881 in the former Ottoman
Empire. As a young man he was
involved with the Young Turks, a
revolutionary group that deposed
the sultan in 1909. Ataturk led the
Turkish War of Independence and
signed the Treaty of Lausanne in
1923, which made Turkey a
republic. He was elected its first
president and ushered in reforms
that modernized Turkey. He died
in 1938.

25. ANITKABIR (TO MBO F TURKISH
LEADER
 Anıtkabir (literally, "memorial tomb") is the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the
leader of the Turkish War of Independence and the founder and first President of
the Republic of Turkey. It is located in Ankara and was designed by architects Professor
Emin Onat and Assistant Professor Ahmet Orhan Arda, whose proposal beat 48 other
entries from several countries in a competition held by the Turkish Government in 1941
for a "monumental tomb" for Atatürk.

26. GALATA TOWER
It’s first name is Christ’
Tower.
It was used a different
times as a prison and fire-
watch tower.
The high of the tower is 63
metres and Hazerfen
ahmet Çelebi managed to
fly by wearing rush-work
wings from top of the
Galata Tower to Üsküdar.
In 1967,the tower was
restored and an elevator
was added.

27. The Maiden's Tower is also known as Leander's Tower (Tower of Leandros) since the
medieval Byzantine period, is a tower lying on a small islet located at the southern
entrance of the Bosphorus strait 200 m (220 yd) from the coast of
Üsküdar in Istanbul, Turkey.

34. Arthemis Temple is seventh wonder of the world.

44. CULTURE O F TURKEY
 Turkey has a very diverse culture that is a blend of various elements of the Oğuz
Turkic,
 Anatolian,
 Ottoman (which was itself a continuation of both Greco-Roman and Islamic
cultures)
 and Western culture and traditions,
 which started with the Westernisation of the Ottoman Empire and still continues
today.
 This mix originally began as a result of the encounter of Turks and their culture with
those of the peoples who were in their path during their migration from Central Asia
to the West.
 Turkish culture is a product of efforts to be a "modern" Western state, while
maintaining traditional religious and historical values.

46. Whirling Dervishes of the Mevlevi Order during a Sema. The ceremony is one of the 11
elements of Turkey on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.

48. SPO RT O F TURKEY

49. SPO RT
Sport is an essential element in Turkey:
Football has a tremendous popularity troughout the country. Among the best teams , Galatasaray is
the best-known with its succeses won in Europe,
then Besiktas, Denizlispor, Fenerbahçe and Trabzonsport that have the best ranking in the
Turkish championship.
At World Cup 2002 Turkey finished 3rd playing versus Korea Republic.

50. Wrestling is an historic sport in Turkey. Modern wrestling is the speciality
of Turkish world champion Hamza Yerlikaya.
Turkish oil wrestling (yagli güres) : wrestlers spread oil all over their body to make wrestling holds
more difficult. This sport originates from the beginning of the Ottoman era. It is more and more
appreciated by westerners for its mythical image and its rituals. Every year a competition takes place
in Edirne where a new “pehlivan” (very strong man) is appointed in front of the President of the
Republic.

51.  Weight lifting has considerably developed forming great champions such
as Naim Süleymanoglu (appointed one of the five best sportsmen of all times with three
successive olympic victories)or Halil Mutlu.

52. Sureyya Ayhan, the European champion runner in the women’s 1500 m Munich 2002,
won a silver medal in the World Athletism Championship 2003 in Paris. She is also the
Brussels 2003 Golden League winner in 1,500 m, in a world leading time of 3:55.33.

53. FLYING
Plane gliding, hang gliding,
parachuting, paragliding and single
engine flights are catered for as well
as services that provide instruction
courses.
Best areas are
Fethiye, Eskişehir, Pamukkale and
Istanbul.

54. RAFTING
 Turkey's rivers provide perfect conditions for canoeing and rafting, for both beginners
and experienced. Some of the best rivers for rafting
are Çoruh, Barhal, Berta,Fırtına, Çolaklı, Köprüçay, Manavgat, Dragon, Göksu
(Silifke), Zamanti, Göksu (Feke), Kızılırmak, and Dalaman Çayı.

55. WINDSURFING
 The bays around Çesme, Alaçatı, Bodrum, and Datça peninsulas as well as
Antalya have ideal wind conditions for windsurfing.
 Famous windsurfer Cagla Kubat is also from Turkey.

56. SCUBADIVING
 Turkey is where East meets West. A small part is in Europe, the larger part is in Asia.
 Most of the diving in Turkey takes place on the Mediterranean and Aegean coasts (the Turkish
Riviera), diving centres have mushroomed in most holidays resorts making this coastline
increasingly accessible to scuba divers.
 The main dive centres are at Bodrum, Marmaris, Fethiye, Kas and Alanya. Fethiye is probably
the big diver-tourist centre, where the Aladins Cave dive is certainly worth doing.