2. 𝑻 =
𝒅
𝒗
Two Way Travel Time = 𝟐
𝒉𝟐+
𝒂
𝟐
𝟐
𝒗𝟏
Electromagnetic Waves
• Microwaves / Radio Waves
• Velocity (in air)≈ 3x105 km/s
• I.e. the speed of light (0.3 m/ns)
• Slower in most geologic
materials (0.02 – 0.2 m/ns)
• Depends on electromagnetic
properties of medium
• Frequency ≈ 10-2000 MHz
• Depends on antenna
• Wavelength ≈ 30-1.5x10-8 m
Source Wave Properties
GPR Travel Time Equation
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Principle
4. CO (Common Offset) Acquisition
MALA
Shielded
Antenna
250 MHz
500 MHz
800 MHz
Acquisition
Computer
Distance
measuring
Wheel
Antenna controller
Antenna
Time
Amplitude
GPS system
MALA Unshielded Antenna
RTA 50 MHz
MALA ProEx
System Unit
5. Antenna Footprint and Target description
𝐴 =
𝜆
4
+
𝐷
𝜀𝑟 + 1
𝐵 =
𝐴
2
B
A
Depth
Surface
Point targets Cylindrical targets Planar targets
9. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data processing
Raw data of the GPR Result image of the GPR data processing After Frequency filter
Result image of the GPR data processing after AGC Result image of the GPR data processingWithout Flat reflection
10. Seismic activity of Ulaanbaatar
7 active faults have been identified around 100 km of the Ulaanbaatar city area. Their length and morphology indicate they can produce
earthquakes of magnitude 6.5 to 7.5 around UB area where most of the Mongolian population (1.5 million over 3 million) is concentrated.
MNDC data 1994 to 2015
12. GPR result image for thrust structure
GPR result image of the
profile P1 (acquired the
August 2013) of
Mungunmorit active fault
obtained with 250 MHz
antenna. The topographic
corrections and depth
conversion are performed
using a velocity of 0.12
m/ns.
Profile P7 GPR 250
MHz antenna result
image of the (acquired
the September 2016) of
Mungunmorit active
fault.
13. GPR image of the profile P2 (acquired the 16 August 2013) of Songino active fault obtained
with 250 MHz antenna. The topographic corrections and depth conversion are performed using a
velocity of 0.12 m/ns. The GPR image shows a strong reflection layers (blue arrows) that is
affected and shifted.
GPR result image for Normal structure
Normal structure divided high angle and low angle
normal fault
https://www.naturalfractures.com/1.1.4.htm
15. Normal structure of the Songino active fault
a.) GPR result images of the Profile-2 and Cross-1 (acquired the 14 June 2013) obtained with 250 MHz antenna. b.) GPR result
image of the Profile-2 and Profile-1 (acquired the 16 June 2013) obtained with 250 MHz antenna. The topographic corrections and
depth conversion are performed using a velocity of 0.12 m/ns. The GPR result image shows a strong reflection layers (red and
yellow arrows) that is affected and shifted (1.8-1.5 m), horizontal tension about 5-5.2 m .
a.) b.)
16. GPR result image for the Normal structure (Listric)
GPR result image and
interpretation of the profile P1
(acquired in July 2014, by
RTA 50MHz and 250MHz
antenna) of Fault zone (yellow
arrow) and break out zone
(yellow line).
URL:
http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/p
arks/deform/gfaults.html
Galuut active fault,
Bayankhongor province.
19. GPR 3D image analyze for Strike slip structure
Interpolated 3D surface of the paleo-channel
GPR result image of 500MHz antenna, Photomosaic of the
north wall of T4 trench and northernmost profile of 3D cube
C1, 2.5 m away from the trench wall. Jean-Remi DUJARDIN PhD Thesis of the University of Strasbourg, 2014
20. GPR time slice for 3D data visualization
3D GPR data set below ground
surface
0.6m below ground surface
High resolution 3D GPR survey for the paleo-channel
21. Geology
Archeology Road surveying Leakage detection
Ice road surveying Forensics
Concrete inspection
Utility mapping
G
P
R
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
22. Thank you for your attention
Анхаарал тавьсанд баярлалаа
