PART A

1. GREEK ARCHIECTURE
Theatres & Public buildings
Joarder Hafiz Ullah
Assistant Professor
DUET, Gazipur.

3. Location map of Greek & Roman Theatre

4. Location map of Greek & Roman Theatre

5. Location map of Greek & Roman Theatre

6. Plan:
Cavea, orchestra and skene. A round
orchestra defined by a low curb with an
altar stone in the center. A paved
depression between the orchestra and the
cavea was a used as an ambulatory. The
cavea of 55 rows of seats was divided
vertically by 13 staircases reached through
the doors at either end of the scene
building. The diazoma divided the cavea
into 21 upper, steeper rows of seats and
34 lower rows. The lowest row of seats
had back supports and was reserved for
honored guests.
The scene building, which may have
been added later in the Hellenistic period,
was two-storied. On its southeastern side,
facing the cavea, was a one-storied stage.
The stage rested on 14 pillars with
engaged Ionic half-columns. Between all
but the 2 central pillars were painted
wooden panels used as a back drop
during performances.
The THEATRE, Epidauros
( 300BC-350 BC)
Aerial view of theater, straight down, Epidauros, Theater

9. There were slightly projecting wings and a
ramp at each end of the stage. At the far end
of each ramp, and almost perpendicular to it,
were gateways, each with 2 doors, one
leading through the parodos to the orchestra
and one leading to the ramp. The lower story
of the scene had 10 pillars along its
northwestern front and four along its central
axis. At either end were two square rooms.
The upper story also had two square rooms at
each end, but no central pillars.
History:
Designed by Polykleitos the Younger, in the
4th century B.C., the seats were wide
enough to allow those sitting in the upper
rows to rest their feet on the lower seats
without touching the persons below. Originally
seating 6,210, the expansion of 21 rows
above the diazoma allowed the theater to
accommodate about 14,000. The best
preserved theater in Greece, with unparalleled
acoustics. Modern performances are held
here.
West parodos, cavea
and scene-building from
E, Epidauros, Theater

10. Cavea and orchestra, Epidauros, Theater
Aerial view of theater Epidauros

11. Plan:
Cavea with stone seats facing a stage building which extended the
width of the orchestra.
Theater of Dionysos (330 BC) Athens
Location: Theater; in the
Sanctuary of Dionysos
Eleuthereus, against the
southern slope of the
Acropolis

12. Plan with Earlier temple of Dionysos, c. second half of
5th C. B.C., Athens, Theater of Dionysos
Plan of Theater of Dionysos and Earlier Temple of
Dionysos, c. second half of 6th century B.C., Athens,
Theater of Dionysos

13. Theater of Dionysos 330 bc

14. Plan of stage and Doric stoa with Earlier Temple
of Dionysos, c. period of Lycurgus (338-326
B.C.), Athens, Theater of Dionysos
Restored plan of stage and Doric stoa with Earlier
Temple of Dionysos, c. late 4th century B.C.,
Athens, Theater of Dionysos
Plan of stage and Doric stoa with Earlier Temple of
Dionysos, c. Hellenistic period (pre 86 B.C.), Athens,
Theater of Dionysos
1
3
2

16. History:
Introduction date for the cult of Dionysos (god of wine and fertility and drama) at Athens is not
certain. The Sanctuary of Dionysos Eleuthereus (the Liberator), in which the theater is located,
also contains 2 temples of Dionysos, the older of the 2 dating to ca. 600 - 500 B.C. The 2nd
temple dates to ca. 350 B.C., but was once thought to be of the 5th century B.C. The only existing
traces of the 5th century B.C. temple are a few blocks reused in the later one. It is believed that
musical and theatrical performances took place in the Agora until the 5th century B.C.
when supposedly the ikria (bleachers) there collapsed. According to Travlos, the 5th century B.C.
theater was simple and consisted of a small number of stone and wooden benches on the hillside
and a small semi-circular terrace as the orchestra. Lykourgos is thought to be responsible for the
4th century B.C. form of the theater, which is the general form of the theater today (although there
have been later alterations and additions). A peribolos wall was added to the sanctuary in the 4th
century B.C.

18. Aerial view of Acropolis, from SW, Athens, Chalkotheke, Erechtheion,Temple of Athena Nike, Theater of Dionysos

19. Public Buildings
The Agora- Market place, the centre of Greek social and business life.
The Stao- a long colonnaded building, served many purpose.
The Prytaneion-served as senate house and as a place where citizens entertained.
The Bouleuterion- council house was a covered meeting place
Assembly Halls- for citizen in general
The Odeion- a kindred type to indoor theatre used for musical event and opera.
The Stadium- The foot racecourse in cities where games were celebrated.
The Hippodrome-Longer type of building for horse and chariot racing.
The Palaestra – Gymnasium, a place for physical exercises of all kinds.
Naval Building – including ship sheds and stores.

20. The city Square or market
place, the focus of Greek
political, social,
Business and economic
life.
The Agora, the marketplace and civic center, was one of the most important parts of an
ancient city of Athens. In addition to being a place where people gathered to buy and sell
all kinds of commodities, it was also a place where people assembled to discuss all
kinds of topics: business, politics, current events, or the nature of the universe and the
divine. The Agora of Athens, where ancient Greek democracy first came to life, provides
a wonderful opportunity to examine the commercial, political, religious, and cultural life of
one of the great cities of the ancient world.

22. 1 Acropolis ,
2 Lycabettos
3 Ilissos River
4 Stadium
5 Parthenon
6 Clepshydra Springhouse
7 Eleusinion
8 Houses
9 Pantheon
10 Tower of the Winds
11 Agoranomion
12 Roman Market
13 Library of Hadrian
14 Roman Basilica
15 Monopteros
16 Stoa of Attalos
17 Southeast Temple
20 Nymphaion
21 Southwest Fountain House
22 Middle Stoa
23 East Building
24 South Stoa II

23. 25 Heliaia
The building where the chief law-court of Athens, the Heliæa, met and trials of its jurisdiction were held. It is here that the trial of
Socrates took place in 399 BC
26 Southwest Fountain House
27 Triangular Shrine
28 Civic Offices
29 Southwest Temple
30 Eponymous Heroes
This monument included a statue of each one of the ten eponym heroes of the ten tribes instituted
by Cleisthenes :Erechtheus, Aegeus (Theseus' father), Pandion, Leos, Acamas (one of Theseus' sons), Oeneus, Cecrops,
Hippothoon, Ajaxand Antiochus (a son of Heracles). It is on this monument that official decrees and announcements were posted.
31 Altar of Zeus Agoraios?
32 Odeion
Built by Agrippa in 15 BC (auditorium with a seating capacity of about 1000 people, and a two-storeyed portico. Destroyed by fire in
AD 267 and in about A.D. 400 the Gymnasium was erected in this area. Its north side was adorned by four colossal figures of Giants
and Tritons set up on massive pedestals, salvaged from the debris of the Odeion.
33 Panathenaic Way
34 Temple of Ares
35 Altar of the 12 Gods
Altar (bômos) in the center of the agora dedicated to the twelve great gods of Greece. It was the point from which distances were
reckoned
36 Poikile Stoa
Greek for "Painted Porch". This is the porch were the Greek philosopher Zeno of Citium used to teach, toward the beginning of the
3rd century BC, the first principles of what would become known as a result as "Stoic" philosophy, from the Greek word "stoa",
meaning "porch". It included paintings of Micon of the Battle of Marathon
37 Altar
38 Roman Stoa
39 Royal Stoa
This porch (stoa in Greek) was the seat of the King-Archon
40 Stoa of Zeus Eleutherios
41 Temple of Zeus Phratrios and Athena Phratria
42 Temple of Apollo Patroos
Under the epithet "Patrôos" (meaning "from the fathers"), Apollo was worshiped as the protector of families
43 Metroon
Building erected in the 2nd century BC It accommodated both the sanctuary of the Mother of the Gods and the state archives,
including the proceedings of the meetings of the Council of 500 and various official documents, protected by the goddess.

24. AGORA, Athens

26. References:
Sir Banister Fletcher- A History of Architecture. (Twentieth Edition)
Emily Cole- The Grammar of Architecture
Louis Hellman- Architecture for beginners
THANK YOU.
This is just a track line to the subject matter. students are requested to study the recommended books & also go after .