This document defines different types of solutions and their components. A solution contains a solute dissolved in a solvent. The solute is the substance present in smaller amounts, while the solvent is the dissolving medium. Solutions can be classified as unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated depending on the amount of solute present. An unsaturated solution can dissolve more solute, a saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute dissolved at a given temperature, and a supersaturated solution contains more solute dissolved than a saturated solution. Kidney stones form when urine becomes supersaturated with crystalline substances like calcium oxalate or uric acid.

1. Types of Solution
Chapter 2 │ Lesson 1

2. Solutions
•Are mixtures
of two or more
substances
evenly
distributed
throughout a
single phase.
•A solution consists
of solute and
solvent.

3. Solute
• Is the substance dissolved in a
solution and is usually present
in smaller amount.
Solvent
•Is the dissolving
medium.

4. In a simple
sugar-water
solution;
The sugar is
the solute, the
water is the
solvent.

5. •The components of a solution may be solid,
liquid, or gas. However, the resulting phase of a
solution normally depends on the phase of the
solvent.

6. •A solution can be classified
as unsaturated, saturated,
or supersaturated
depending on the quantity
of the solute present on it.

7. Unsaturated
solution

8. Saturated
solution
Contains the
maximum amount
of solute that the
solvent can dissolve
at a certain
temperature.

9. Supersaturated
solution
•Contains more
dissolved solute
than what is
present in the
saturated solution.

10. Science connections
• Kidney stones form when the urine
becomes super-saturated with
crystalline aggregates of highly
soluble calcium oxalate (Ca𝐶2 𝑂4),
uric acid, or calcium phosphate
[(𝐶𝑎3(𝑃𝑂4)2]. The stones can
migrate and deposit to the other
parts of the body. If the kidney
stones migrates from a kidney and
stays in the ureter, it can prevent
the flow of urine into the bladder.

11. Science connections
• As the kidney continues to
produce urine, pressure builds
up and causes the kidney and
ureter so swell, resulting in a
very painful spas. This increased
pressure can sometimes help
move the stone into the bladder
and be excreted as urine.